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Dynamic Facial Expression of Emotion Made Easy
Facial emotion expression for virtual characters is used in a wide variety of
areas. Often, the primary reason to use emotion expression is not to study
emotion expression generation per se, but to use emotion expression in an
application or research project. What is then needed is an easy to use and
flexible, but also validated mechanism to do so. In this report we present such
a mechanism. It enables developers to build virtual characters with dynamic
affective facial expressions. The mechanism is based on Facial Action Coding.
It is easy to implement, and code is available for download. To show the
validity of the expressions generated with the mechanism we tested the
recognition accuracy for 6 basic emotions (joy, anger, sadness, surprise,
disgust, fear) and 4 blend emotions (enthusiastic, furious, frustrated, and
evil). Additionally we investigated the effect of VC distance (z-coordinate),
the effect of the VC's face morphology (male vs. female), the effect of a
lateral versus a frontal presentation of the expression, and the effect of
intensity of the expression. Participants (n=19, Western and Asian subjects)
rated the intensity of each expression for each condition (within subject
setup) in a non forced choice manner. All of the basic emotions were uniquely
perceived as such. Further, the blends and confusion details of basic emotions
are compatible with findings in psychology
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Analysing Qualitative Data Using Facial Expressions in an Educational Scenario
In communication, both verbal and non-verbal means ensure that a message is conveyed, and facial expressions are acknowledged as one of the most influential factors in non-verbal communication. Facial Analysis Coding System (FACS) is a tool to analyse data other than the spoken language to improve a researcher's reading of an interviewee's emotions, and proposes a methodology to support the annotation process of facial expressions in a piece of communication. This study investigates an applied framework for FACS in an educational scenario. The study combines both the computerised and manual entries in the applied method. The study addresses the challenges, findings and recommendations of this applied method
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