Self-regulated learning in digital environments: theory, research, praxis

From a metacognitive perspective, self-regulated learning (SRL) refers to the cyclical processes of understanding the required task, developing a plan and implementing strategies to satisfy task requirements and monitoring the effectiveness of those strategies in achieving the desired outcome. A considerable volume of research establishes that the instructional tools available in digital learning environments are particularly useful in supporting SRL. This paper reviews current theoretical models and recent empirical investigations germane to applications of digital technology to promote SRL. SRL is promoted by teachers who provide instruction architecture that encourages students to ensure that the task is fully understood, select and execute effective plans and strategies and monitor personal progress toward task completion. Such instructional architecture is more readily applied in digital, as opposed to traditional, learning environments. Based upon such review of theoretical and applied research, a comprehensive instructional framework of SRL in digital environments is presented. This framework functions to inform those who design and teach in digital environments to reflect and explicitly address the degree to which their learners have the capacity to self-regulate

Investigating Effects of Perceived Technology-enhanced Environment on Self-regulated Learning: Beyond P-values

This study examined the effects of a technology-enhanced intervention on the self-regulation of 262 eighth-grade students, employing information and communication technology (ICT) and web-based self-assessment tools set against science learning. The data were analyzed using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian structural equation modeling to unravel the intricate relationships between self-regulation, self-efficacy, perceptions of ICT, and self-assessment tools. Our research findings underscored the direct and indirect impacts of self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and perceived use of technology on self-regulation. The results revealed the predictive power of self-assessment tools in determining self-regulation outcomes, underlining the potential of technology-enhanced self-regulated learning environments. The study posited the necessity to transcend mere technology incorporation and to emphasize the inclusion of monitoring strategies explicitly designed to augment self-regulation. Interestingly, self-efficacy appeared to indirectly influence self-regulation outcomes through perceived the use of technology rather than direct influence. Analytically, this research indicated that Bayesian estimation could offer a more comprehensive insight into structural equation modeling by more accurately assessing our estimates' uncertainty. This research substantially contributes to comprehending the influence of technology-enhanced environments on students' self-regulated learning, stressing the importance of constructing practical tools explicitly designed to cultivate self-regulation

New Interpretation of Extracurricular Activities via Social Networking Sites: A Case Study of Artificial Intelligence Learning at a Secondary School in Hong Kong

During the COVID-19 pandemic, attending after-school activities now becomes a luxury to students, which used to establish interests, friendships and social networks in an informal setting. Students lost contact with peers and teachers and were forced to attend blended courses at home, which may constitute threats to their non-academic issues, especially social needs and mental health of the most vulnerable students. This article overviews a new interpretation of extracurricular activities (ECAs) to teach artificial intelligence (AI) via a social networking site (SNS) among junior secondary school students in Hong Kong. A three-stage action research with the use of semi-structured interviews, motivational surveys and lesson observation was conducted. Based on how students perceived such pedagogical changes, the teachers employed various strategies to transform the “after-school” activities online. The investigation presented the planning processes on how to transform the informal learning activities to an online mode via SNSs that can reach the roles of ECAs in schooling. Our study indicated that meaningful activities rely on teachers’ leading role to build a collaborative social media environment in order to facilitate social engagement among students

E-Learning Model for Equivalency Education Program in Indonesia

with the emergence of e-Learning, governments provide opportunities for online learning, whether formal or informal.  However, most of e-learning systems in Indonesia have been used at formal education environments, today. Therefore, this study proposes an E-Learning model to support non-formal education in Indonesia. This model is called as E-learning for the Equivalency Education Program (E-LEEP) model. The E-LEEP consists of three components: User, Education Program, and Monitoring. The user will be students and tutor. The education program includes Package A,  Package B,  and Package C  for elementary school, junior  high school, and senior  high school respectively. The monitoring will be used by institution and stakeholders. Each component will support the needs of students programs in e-Learning environment, in order to achieve the goal learning

Sustavan pregled mrežnih okruženja učenja u nastavi Matematike na sekundarnoj razini obrazovanja: stavovi, postignuća, izazovi i moguća rješenja

Web-based learning environments (WBLE) are widely adopted in the context of higher education. Comparatively, little is known about how they are used in high school mathematics curricula. Therefore, this systematic review investigates how WBLEs are applied in high school education and which outcomes this instructional approach has resulted in up to now. 14 related journal publications on high school WBLE are identified and analysed in terms of their WBLE activities, student achievement, attitude, and challenges encountered. The findings suggest that several activities are used in WBLE. WBLE application in high school mathematics education produced a neutral or positive effect on student achievement when compared to traditional classroom-based learning. Students’ attitudes toward WBLE approach are varied. WBLE implementation challenges are classified as student-associated, faculty-associated, and operational. We proposed seven possible solutions to address these challenges based on previous studies. Also, recommendations for future research are discussedMrežna okruženja za učenje (WBLE) široko su prihvaćena u kontekstu visokoga obrazovanja. S druge strane, malo se zna o tome kako se ona koriste u programima matematike u višim razredima osnovnih te u srednjim školama. Stoga se u ovome sustavnom pregledu istražuje kako se WBLE primjenjuje na sekundarnoj razini obrazovanja i koji su dosdašnji rezultati primjene ovog nastavnoga pristupa. Odabrano je 14 relevantnih časopisa o WBLE-u na sekundarnoj razini obrazovanja te analizirano u smislu njihovih WBLE aktivnosti, postignuća učenika, stavova i izazova s kojima se susreću. Rezultati pokazuju da se u WBLE-u koristi nekoliko aktivnosti. Primjena WBLE-a u matematičkom obrazovanju na srednjoškolskoj razini proizvela je neutralan ili pozitivan učinak na učenička postignuća u usporedbi s tradicionalnim učenjem u učionici. Stavovi učenika o WBLE pristupu su različiti. Izazovi primjene WBLE-a javljaju se na razini učenika, nastavnika i organizacije. Na temelju prethodnih studija predložili smo sedam mogućih rješenja kao odgovor na njih. Također, u raspravi dajemo preporuke za buduća istraživanj

A Study of Perceptional Typologies on Computer Based Assessment (CBA): Instructor and Student Perspectives

This study explores and describes different viewpoints on Computer Based Assessment (CBA) by using Q methodology to identify perspectives of students and instructors and classify these into perceptional typologies. Thirty undergraduate students taking CBA courses and fifteen instructors adopting CBA into their curriculum at a university in Korea, were chosen as participants in this study. As a result of the study, firstly, four types of learners were identified and given the following descriptive labels: (I) CBA Dissatisfaction Type, (II) CBA Friendly Type, (III) Adjustment Seeker Type, and (IV) CBA Apprehensive Type. Secondly, three types of instructors were classified and given the following descriptive labels: (A) CBA Preferred Type, (B) Supplementary Need Type, and (C) Yes-But Mixed Type. Educational and pedagogical implications of these results are discussed in the context of CBA course design.open

Socioscientific decision making in the science classroom: the effect of embedded metacognitive instructions on students' learning outcomes

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of cooperative training strategies to enhance students' socioscientific decision making as well as their metacognitive skills in the science classroom. Socioscientific decision making refers to both “describing socioscientific issues” as well as “developing and evaluating solutions” to socioscientific issues. We investigated two cooperative training strategies which differed with respect to embedded metacognitive instructions that were developed on the basis of the IMPROVE method. Participants were 360 senior high school students who studied either in a cooperative learning setting (COOP), a cooperative learning setting with embedded metacognitive questions (COOP+META), or a nontreatment control group. Results indicate that students in the two training conditions outperformed students in the control group on both processes of socioscientific decision making. However, students in the COOP+META condition did not outperform students in the COOP condition. With respect to students' learning outcomes on the regulation facet of metacognition, results indicate that all conditions improved over time. Students in the COOP+META condition exhibited highest mean scores at posttest measures, but again, results were not significant. Implications for integrating metacognitive instructions into science classrooms are discussed

Developing the scales on evaluation beliefs of student teachers

The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the validity and the reliability of a newly developed questionnaire named ‘Teacher Evaluation Beliefs’ (TEB). The framework for developing items was provided by the two models. The first model focuses on Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered beliefs about evaluation while the other centers on five dimensions (what/ who/ when/ why/ how). The validity and reliability of the new instrument was investigated using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis study (n=446). Overall results indicate that the two-factor structure is more reasonable than the five-factor one. Further research needs additional items about the latent dimensions “what” ”who” ”when” ”why” “how” for each existing factor based on Student-centered and Teacher-centered approaches