Issues on 3D Property

Abstract-A questionnaire survey was carried out on 114 personnel from government authorities and professional companies administering cadastre registration in Penang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Johore. The aim of the study was to elicit the opinions of the respondents and to appraise their understanding on five study areas, viz. land legislation, land administration, cadastre registration, and cadastral survey and mapping issues. The respondents were from State Lands and Mines Office, State District Land Office

Dynamic web for land registration towards the adoption of land administration domain model in Nigeria

Land administration system includes the processes of land registration, cadastral mapping, land valuation and land inventory. Developing countries particularly Nigeria, is faced with challenges of poor land administration and management. Traditional approaches to the land administration have resulted in the delay of the processes of land titling and registration. However, it was discovered from previous works and available literatures that there is no model, blue print or database management system of activities in land administration in the study area. The delay in time and process of getting the certificate of occupancy (C of O) coupled with the corruption in land related activities calls for urgent intervention of all the stakeholders in land administration. In this study, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) which was approved by International Standard Organization (ISO) TC/211 in 2012 was introduced as a reference model and standard for land administration. Validation and comparing of the physical content of land administration system in the study area were made against LADM to verify the possibilities of its adoption into the system. An online network of the processes involved in land registration was also done. A dynamic web was designed using PhP My Admin SQL to create dynamic database management system. A user-friendly and more secured database management system was produced for the specification of LADM on the software platform that offers support for the transformation. Based on these findings, it was concluded that Nigerian land administration system can adopt the standard by mapping in some of the core concepts of LADM into her cadastral system because the model is suitable for the country. However, the determination of the country profile for Nigeria is next in priority

A preliminary study on the formation of land legislation and cadastre system in Sarawak, Malaysia

Recent decades have witnessed a perceptible impact of land policy and cadastre on the urbanisation around the globe. Land legislation and cadastre system are the tools and mechanisms in order to achieve the objectives of land policy in delivering sustainable development. According to the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, article 74 empowers the State Legislative Assemblies to enact laws for the matters under the state list while land matters are one of the subjects under the list. Land matters in Sarawak are governed by Sarawak state government, resulting in different land legislation and cadastre system as compared to Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this paper aims to give an overview on the land legislation and cadastre system in Sarawak. The chronological evolutions of land legislation from the past to present are discussed. The cadastre system in Sarawak is also presented. On top of that, this paper attempts to review the literature concerning the subject matter of land legislation and cadastre from various countries, which in turn provides valuable lessons for Sarawak. A total of eight recent publications were chosen for review. Each of the publications is analysed based on the title, subject matter, research question, methodology, results and lessons for Sarawak. Towards the end of this paper, the key lessons from the review are presented

Investigation of data models and related requirements affecting the implementation of a multipurpose cadastre system in Malaysia

One aim of this study was to investigate the state of development of multipurpose cadastre systems (MPCs) internationally, and, based on the findings to design a multipurpose cadastre data model enhancing the current cadastre system in Malaysia. A second aim was to determine the organizational and legal requirements for implementing a multipurpose cadastre system, within the current Malaysian context. As a final aim, the service oriented architecture (SOA) concept was examined to investigate how it might support the storage, maintenance and delivery of the different layers of data found in an MPC. The data model and service oriented architecture were developed using Oracle Spatial technologies and the SQL language. Sample data from the national digital cadastre database, utility data and topographic mapping data from Malaysia were used in the case study. The investigation enabled data from various agencies to be integrated into a single multipurpose cadastre database in the Oracle Spatial database environment, and a case study of an easement as a legal land object was executed. It was discovered that it was beneficial to show the complete legal situation of a parcel compared to the previous system where the user had to manually search for legal documents and deal with the ambiguous locations of legal land objects. The results of the SOA investigation showed that the application of the SOA concept to the construction of an MPC database will require extensive IT investment, especially a high specification server, but it is expected to reduce redundancy in data collection and processing and reduce the costs. The study also showed that existing legislation in the National Land Code 1965 should be amended. The principal conclusion is that an open source system should be adopted before any further investment in IT software and hardware is made. Another conclusion is that a multipurpose cadastre system has to be managed by personnel highly trained in spatial, programming and IT competencies. An open source system combined with the SOA concept seems the best option if a multipurpose cadastre system is to contribute to the sustainable management of land resources within a rapidly developing Malaysia

Urban Cadastral Situation in Ecuador: Analysis to Determine the Degree of Proximity of the Cadastral Systems to the 3D Cadastral Model

As 3D cadastres offer advantages in several areas by providing information with greater accuracy and a high level of detail, a diagnosis of the cadastral situation is required prior to the implementation of a 3D cadastral model. Therefore, this study focuses on diagnosing the urban cadastral situation in Ecuador based on an analysis of eight cantonal decentralized autonomous governments that were selected primarily for the availability of their cadastral information. The twelve characteristics included in the analysis supported the definition of a cadastral development scale based on the fulfillment of each characteristic. The official cadastral databases, meetings, and interviews with personnel related to the cadastres were used in the analysis to gain in-depth knowledge of the situation in each canton. The findings demonstrated that most cantons had similar characteristics and are at an intermediate level of cadastral development. Therefore, there is the need for cantons to have standardized cadastral information in accordance with national and international regulations. Thus, in this research, we developed an initial Ecuadorian land administration domain model country profile to initiate the transition towards 3D cadastre

The case of Ferbritas Cadastre Information System

The processes of mobilization of land for infrastructures of public and private domain are developed according to proper legal frameworks and systematically confronted with the impoverished national situation as regards the cadastral identification and regularization, which leads to big inefficiencies, sometimes with very negative impact to the overall effectiveness. This project report describes Ferbritas Cadastre Information System (FBSIC) project and tools, which in conjunction with other applications, allow managing the entire life-cycle of Land Acquisition and Cadastre, including support to field activities with the integration of information collected in the field, the development of multi-criteria analysis information, monitoring all information in the exploration stage, and the automated generation of outputs. The benefits are evident at the level of operational efficiency, including tools that enable process integration and standardization of procedures, facilitate analysis and quality control and maximize performance in the acquisition, maintenance and management of registration information and expropriation (expropriation projects). Therefore, the implemented system achieves levels of robustness, comprehensiveness, openness, scalability and reliability suitable for a structural platform. The resultant solution, FBSIC, is a fit-for-purpose cadastre information system rooted in the field of railway infrastructures. FBSIC integrating nature of allows: to accomplish present needs and scale to meet future services; to collect, maintain, manage and share all information in one common platform, and transform it into knowledge; to relate with other platforms; to increase accuracy and productivity of business processes related with land property management

Design of a 3D Multipurpose land administrative system for Greece, in the context of LADM

Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Γεωπληροφορική

Towards the development of a framework for sustainable marine space governance: a proposal for collaborative design approach

Malaysia is surrounded by ocean, approximately, 515,000 square kilometers covered by maritime realm and 4,576 km in length by coastline. The country has terrestrial borders with Thailand, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia and has maritime borders with Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines. In addition Malaysia has many institutions for managing the marine environment. Hence the development of the institution and the scope still has some ambiguity, conflict and overlapping marine because organizations exist on the basis of a resolution of the Parliament. While on the physical condition, especially in the marine environment is difficult to determine the resolution authority area to an area of true governance. This paper addresses the need on collaborative design approach that fits into Malaysian marine space governance scenario, in particular with respect to stakeholder management. This paper first reviews several international collaborative designs. An exemplary model of collaborative has been developed, which constitutes the key factors that determine the success of collaborative implementation. This model is pending for experimentation to examine its effectiveness on Malaysia marine space governance

A new WebGIS approach to support ground penetrating radar deployment

En raison de l’agglomération complexe des infrastructures souterraines dans les grandes zones urbaines et des préoccupations accrues des municipalités ou des gouvernements qui déploient des systèmes d’information foncière ou des industries qui souhaitent construire ou creuser, il devient de plus en plus impératif de localiser et de cartographier avec précision les pipelines, les câbles d’énergie hydroélectrique, les réseaux de communication ou les conduites d’eau potable et d’égout. Le géoradar (Ground Penetrating Radar ou GPR) est un outil en géophysique qui permet de produire des images en coupe du sous-sol desquelles de l’information utile sur les infrastructures souterraines peut être tirée. Des expériences antérieures et une analyse documentaire approfondie ont révélé que les logiciels disponibles pour réaliser des levés GPR qui sont utilisés directement sur le terrain et hors site ne reposent pas ou très peu sur des fonctionnalités géospatiales. En outre, l’intégration de données telles que la visualisation de données GPR dans des espaces géoréférencés avec des orthophotos, des cartes, des points d’intérêt, des plans CAO, etc., est impossible. Lorsque disponible, l’ajout d’annotations ou l’interrogation d’objets géospatiaux susceptibles d’améliorer ou d’accélérer les investigations ne proposent pas des interfaces conviviales. Dans ce projet de recherche, une nouvelle approche est proposée pour déployer le GPR et elle est basée sur quatre fonctionnalités issues du Web et des systèmes d’information géographique (WebGIS) jugées essentielles pour faciliter la réalisation de levés GPR sur le terrain. Pour démontrer la faisabilité de cette nouvelle approche, une extension de la plate-forme logicielle existante GVX (conçue et vendue par Geovoxel) appelée GVX-GPR a été développée. GVX-GPR propose aux utilisateurs d’instruments GPR quatre fonctionnalités soit 1) intégration de cartes, 2) géo-annotations et points d’intérêt, 3) géoréférencement et visualisation de radargrammes et 4) visualisation de sections GPR géoréférencées. Afin de tester l’approche WebGIS et GPXGPR, deux sites d’étude ont été relevés par deux professionnels différents, un expert et un non-expert en géophysique, ont été sélectionnés. Une première expérimentation réalisée sur le campus de l’Université Laval à Québec prévoyait l’identification de trois objets enterrés soit un câble électrique, une fibre optique et un tunnel dont leur position XYZ était connue. Le deuxième essai s’est passé à l’Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brésil), avec un professionnel expert en géophysique. Ce 2e site cherchait à reproduire un environnent plus réaliste avec une quantité inconnue d’objets enterrés. Les quatre fonctionnalités proposées par GVX-GPR ont donc été testées et leur intérêt discuté par les deux utilisateurs GPR. Les deux utilisateurs GPR se sont dits très intéressés par l’outil GVX-GPR et ses nouvelles fonctionnalités et ils aimeraient pouvoir l’intégrer à leur travail quotidien car ils y voient des avantages. En particulier, l’approche et GVX-GPR les a aidés à découvrir de nouvelles cibles, à délimiter le territoire à couvrir, à interpréter les données GPR brutes en permettant l’interaction entre les données géospatiales (en ligne) et les profils de données GPR, et finalement pour la cartographie à produire tout en respectant la norme CityGML (donc utile au partage éventuel des données). De même, une fois le système maitrisé, GVX-GPR a permis d’optimiser la durée du levé. Ce projet de maitrise a donc permis d’élaborer une nouvelle approche pour effectuer des levés GPR et proposer un outil logiciel pour tester la faisabilité de celle-ci. Une première étape de validation de la faisabilité et de l’utilité a été réalisée grâce aux deux tests effectués. Évidemment, ces deux tests sont des premiers pas dans une phase plus large de validation qui pourrait s’effectuer, et ils ont ouvert la porte à des ajustements ou l’ajout d’autres fonctionnalités, comme la manipulation des outils de visualisation 3D et l’ajout de filtres et traitement de signal. Nous estimons néanmoins ces premiers tests concluant pour ce projet de maîtrise, et surtout ils démontrent que les instruments GPR gagneraient à davantage intégrer les données et fonctionnalités géospatiales. Nous pensons également que nos travaux vont permettre à des communautés de non spécialistes en géophysique de s’intéresser aux instruments de type GPR pour les levés d’objets enfouis. Notre approche pourra les aider à préparer les données géospatiales utiles à la planification, à effectuer le levé terrain et à produire les cartes associéesDue to the complex agglomeration of underground infrastructures in large urban areas and accordingly increased concerns by municipalities or government who deploy land information systems or industries who want to construct or excavate, it is imperative to accurately locate and suitability map existing underground utility networks (UUN) such as pipelines, hydroelectric power cables, communication networks, or drinking water and sewage conduits. One emerging category of instrument in geophysics for collecting and extracting data from the underground is the ground penetrating radar (GPR). Previous experiments and a thorough literature review revealed that GPR software used in and off the field do not take advantage of geospatial features and data integration such as visualization of GPR data in a georeferenced space with orthophotographies, map, point of interest, CAD plans, etc. Also missing is the capability to add annotation or querying geospatial objects that may improve or expedite the investigations. These functions are long-lived in the geospatial domain, such as in geographic information system (GIS). In this research project, a new approach is proposed to deploy GPR based on four core WebGIS-enabled features, used to support field investigations with GPR. This WebGIS is based on an existing platform called GVX, designed and sold by Geovoxel as a risk management tool for civil engineering projects. In this proposed approach, a generic guideline based on GVX-GPR was developed which users can follow when deploying GPR. This approach is based on four core features which are missing on most GPR software, (1) map integration, (2) geo-annotations and points of interest, (3) radargram georeferencing and visualization, and (4) georeferenced slice visualization. In order to test the designed WebGIS-based approach, two different professionals, an expert in geophysics and a person without any background in geophysics, used the proposed approach in their day-to-day professional practice. The first experiment was conducted at Université Laval (Québec – Canada) when the subject undertook an area to a survey in order to identify 3 possible targets premapped. The second, with a Geophysics-specialist, took place in Rio de Janeiro, at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro’s campus. This study covered an area counting on an unknown number of buried objects, aiming at reproducing a realistic survey scenario. Four new feature were added and discussed with GPR practitioners. Both GPR user declared to be very interested by the proposed by the tool GVX-GPR and its features, being willing to apply this software on their daily basis due to the added advantages. Particularly, this approach has aided these professionals to find new buried objects, delimit the survey area, interpret raw GPR data by allowing geospatial data interaction and GPR profiles, and, finally, to produce new maps compliant with standards such as CityGML. Also, once mastered, the technology allowed the optimization of survey time. This project enabled the development of a new approach to leverage GPR surveys and proposed a new tool in order to test the approach’s feasibility. A first step into the validation of this proposal has been taken towards a feasibility and utility evaluation with two tests accomplished. Unmistakably, these are the first steps of a likely larger validation process, opening up new possibilities for the continuity of the project such as the addition of signal processing techniques and 3D data handling. We nevertheless consider these conclusive for this master’s project, above all demonstrating the value add by geospatial data integration and functions to GPR instruments. This work is also intended to the community of newcomers, or interested in GPR, to further explore this technology, since this approach shall facilitate the preparation, execution, and post-processing phases of a GPR survey