The XDEM Multi-physics and Multi-scale Simulation Technology: Review on DEM-CFD Coupling, Methodology and Engineering Applications

The XDEM multi-physics and multi-scale simulation platform roots in the Ex- tended Discrete Element Method (XDEM) and is being developed at the In- stitute of Computational Engineering at the University of Luxembourg. The platform is an advanced multi- physics simulation technology that combines flexibility and versatility to establish the next generation of multi-physics and multi-scale simulation tools. For this purpose the simulation framework relies on coupling various predictive tools based on both an Eulerian and Lagrangian approach. Eulerian approaches represent the wide field of continuum models while the Lagrange approach is perfectly suited to characterise discrete phases. Thus, continuum models include classical simulation tools such as Computa- tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or Finite Element Analysis (FEA) while an ex- tended configuration of the classical Discrete Element Method (DEM) addresses the discrete e.g. particulate phase. Apart from predicting the trajectories of individual particles, XDEM extends the application to estimating the thermo- dynamic state of each particle by advanced and optimised algorithms. The thermodynamic state may include temperature and species distributions due to chemical reaction and external heat sources. Hence, coupling these extended features with either CFD or FEA opens up a wide range of applications as diverse as pharmaceutical industry e.g. drug production, agriculture food and processing industry, mining, construction and agricultural machinery, metals manufacturing, energy production and systems biology

CFD Modelling of Heat Transfer in Blast Furnace

Iron blast furnace is used in the metallurgical field to extract molten pig iron from its ore through a reduction mechanism. The furnace is a vertical shaft with circular cross section. It has five main parts: stack, belly, bosh, tuyeres and hearth. Amongst these regions, hearth is the most important one for the asset life of a furnace. Erosion of refractory lining of the hearth reduces the furnace’s campaign life. So it is necessary to understand the interactions occurring between the slag, molten metal and the refractories. But the severe operating conditions and very high temperature inside the hearth make it impossible to practically observe the processes taking place within it. In order to overcome this problem, the hearth is modelled by using various Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) soft-wares such as ANSYS Fluent, ANSYS-CFX, FLUENT for CATIA V5, ANSYS CFD-Flo etc. The numerical model is then supplied with data which are already known from practical situations as boundary conditions. Proper physical properties of the materials are also used as input. The software runs several simulations and provides us with the result that can validate the experimental observations up to the most accurate level. In this study, temperature distribution profile inside a blast furnace hearth has been shown by modelling a simple hearth with the help of ANSYS 15.0 Workbench. The model is simulated by changing some parameters and making several assumptions. The discrepancy in the calculated and the observed temperature opens up new scope for further improvement

Annual Report 1966-1967

It contains the statement of R&D works undertaken, achivement made and the expenditure by the laboratory during the financial year 1966-1967

Tailoring of Properties through Mechanical Processing

As a part of promoting interaction between the National Metallurgical Laboratory, which is a premier R & D institution under the banner of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, and the Industries this Workshop has been organised. This is with a view to supplement the basic knowledge on various mechanical processing techniques to practising engineers, who may not have sufficient time and approach to literature. The present Workshop has been designed in such a way that Academicians like University Professors, Practising Engineers and R & D Scientists can focus the salient basic features and also crucial problems occurring in mechanical working area. Areas like rolling of metals, forging, extrusion, wire drawing, cladding, thermomechanical treatment are covered. Another interesting work on the emerging technology which is a combination of application of pressure in the liquid state, commonly known as 'Squeeze Casting' has also been dealt with. The lectures delivered during the course of the Workshop have been collated in the form of the present book

Bridging the Analytical Gap Between Gas Treatment and Reactor Plants in Carbon2Chem_®

The use of purified process gases as feedstock for subsequent processes requires a detailed verification of the gas purity to ensure long lifetimes of applied catalysts. Herein, the analytical infrastructure for the measurements of the cleaned gases is presented. An overview of all sampling points for the off- and on-line analysis is given. The detailed decryption of the composition of the cleaned blast furnace gas, its main components as well as its traces are presented. Thereby, over 99 % of the overall signal strength of this complex gas matrix measured with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer with H3O+ as reagent ion could be revealed. Furthermore, by the example of the catalyst poison H2S, the necessity of monitoring continuously the gas matrix for certain compounds was proven