114 research outputs found
C and SM lunar orbital science study, volume 2 Final report
Experiment descriptions and cost estimates for CSM lunar orbital science stud
COBE's search for structure in the Big Bang
The launch of Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the definition of Earth Observing System (EOS) are two of the major events at NASA-Goddard. The three experiments contained in COBE (Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR), Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS), and Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE)) are very important in measuring the big bang. DMR measures the isotropy of the cosmic background (direction of the radiation). FIRAS looks at the spectrum over the whole sky, searching for deviations, and DIRBE operates in the infrared part of the spectrum gathering evidence of the earliest galaxy formation. By special techniques, the radiation coming from the solar system will be distinguished from that of extragalactic origin. Unique graphics will be used to represent the temperature of the emitting material. A cosmic event will be modeled of such importance that it will affect cosmological theory for generations to come. EOS will monitor changes in the Earth's geophysics during a whole solar color cycle
Development of the MCM-D Technique for Pixel Detector Modules
Diese Dissertation behandelt eine Kupfer-Polymer basierte
Dünnfilmtechnologie, die MCM-D Technik, und Ihre Anwendung zum
Aufbau von hybriden Pixeldetektor Modulen.
Das ATLAS Experiment am LHC wird über ein
Pixeldetektorsystem verfügen. Die kleinste mechanische Einheit
des Pixeldetektors sind Multichipmodule. Die wichtigsten
Komponenten dieser Module sind 16 Elektronikchips, ein
Kontrollchip und ein Sensor, der über mehr als 46000
Pixelzellen verfügt. MCM-D ist eine verbesserte
Technologie um das notwendigen Signalbussystem und das
Stromversorgungssystem direkt auf den Sensor aufzubauen.
In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Fraunhofer Institut für
Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration, IZM, wurde der
Dünnfilmprozess überprüft und weiterentwickelt. Das
Vielschichtsystem wurde entworfen und sowohl für das
Verbindungssystem als auch für die mehr als 46000
Pixelkontakte optimiert.
Labormessungen an Prototypen haben gezeigt, dass ein
komplexes Verbindungsschema für geometrieoptimierte
Einzelchips durchführbar ist und
vernachlässigbaren Einfluss auf die Leistungsfähigkeit der
Auslesechips hat. Ein vollständiges Modul wurde gebaut; und es
wurde nachgewiesen, dass sich die Technologie eignet um
Pixeldetektormodule zu bauen. Weitere Tests beinhalten u.a. die
Untersuchung des Einflusses von hadronischer Bestrahlung auf die
Dünnfilmlagen. Einzelchipaufbauten wurden auch in einer
Teststrahlumgebung betrieben und die Umsetzbarkeit der
Sensoroptimierung konnte gezeigt werden. Es wird ein Überblick
über das Potential und die Perspektive der MCM-D Technologie
in zukünftigen Experimenten gegeben.This thesis treats a copper--polymer based thin film technology,
the MCM-D technique and its application when building hybrid
pixel detector modules.
The ATLAS experiment at the LHC will be equipped
with a pixel detector system. The basic mechanical units of the
pixel detector are multi chip modules. The main components of
these modules are: 16 electronic chips, a controller chip and a
large sensor tile, featuring more than 46000 sensor cells.
MCM-D is a superior technique to build the necessary signal bus
system and the power distribution system directly on the active
sensor tile.
In collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and
Microintegration, IZM, the thin film process is reviewed
and enhanced. The multi layer system was designed and optimized
for the interconnection system as well as for the 46000 pixel
contacts. Laboratory measurements on prototypes
prove that complex routing schemes for geometrically optimized single
chips are suitable and have negligible influence on the front--end
chips performance. A full scale MCM-D module has been built and
it is shown that the technology is suitable to build pixel
detector modules. Further tests include the investigation of the
impact of hadronic irradiation on the thin film layers. Single
chip assemblies have been operated in a test beam environment and
the feasibility of the optimization of the sensors could be shown.
A review on the potential as well as the perspective for the
MCM-D technique in future experiments is given
Wide Bandgap Based Devices
Emerging wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors hold the potential to advance the global industry in the same way that, more than 50 years ago, the invention of the silicon (Si) chip enabled the modern computer era. SiC- and GaN-based devices are starting to become more commercially available. Smaller, faster, and more efficient than their counterpart Si-based components, these WBG devices also offer greater expected reliability in tougher operating conditions. Furthermore, in this frame, a new class of microelectronic-grade semiconducting materials that have an even larger bandgap than the previously established wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN and SiC, have been created, and are thus referred to as “ultra-wide bandgap” materials. These materials, which include AlGaN, AlN, diamond, Ga2O3, and BN, offer theoretically superior properties, including a higher critical breakdown field, higher temperature operation, and potentially higher radiation tolerance. These attributes, in turn, make it possible to use revolutionary new devices for extreme environments, such as high-efficiency power transistors, because of the improved Baliga figure of merit, ultra-high voltage pulsed power switches, high-efficiency UV-LEDs, and electronics. This Special Issue aims to collect high quality research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on wide bandgap device design, fabrication, and advanced characterization. The Special Issue will also publish selected papers from the 43rd Workshop on Compound Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits, held in France (WOCSDICE 2019), which brings together scientists and engineers working in the area of III–V, and other compound semiconductor devices and integrated circuits
Scientific uses of the space shuttle
A survey was conducted to determine the possible missions which could be accomplished by the space shuttle. The areas of scientific endeavor which were considered are as follows: (1) atmospheric and space physics, (2) high energy astrophysics, (3) infrared astronomy, (4) optical and ultraviolet astronomy, (5) solar physics, (6) life sciences, and (7) planetary exploration. Specific projects to be conducted in these broader areas are defined. The modes of operation of the space shuttle are analyzed. Instruments and equipment required for conducting the experiments are identified
Space station systems: A bibliography with indexes (supplement 6)
This bibliography lists 1,133 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1, 1987 and December 31, 1987. Its purpose is to provide helpful information to the researcher, manager, and designer in technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion, and solar power satellite systems. The coverage includes documents that define major systems and subsystems, servicing and support requirements, procedures and operations, and missions for the current and future Space Station
Space-Based Remote Sensing of the Earth: A Report to the Congress
The commercialization of the LANDSAT Satellites, remote sensing research and development as applied to the Earth and its atmosphere as studied by NASA and NOAA is presented. Major gaps in the knowledge of the Earth and its atmosphere are identified and a series of space based measurement objectives are derived. The near-term space observations programs of the United States and other countries are detailed. The start is presented of the planning process to develop an integrated national program for research and development in Earth remote sensing for the remainder of this century and the many existing and proposed satellite and sensor systems that the program may include are described
Efficient wireless coverage of in-building environments with low electromagnetic impact
The city of tomorrow is a major integrating stake, which crosses a set of major broad spectrum domains. One of these areas is the instrumentation of this city and the ubiquity of the exchange of data, which will give the pulse of this city (sensors) and its breathing in a hyper-connected world within indoor and outdoor dense areas (data exchange, 5G and 6G).
Within this context, the proposed doctorate project has the objective to realize cost- and energy- effective, short-range communication systems for the capillary wireless coverage of in-door environments with low electromagnetic impact and for highly dense outdoor networks.
The result will be reached through the combined use of:
1) Radio over Fiber (RoF) Technology, to bring the Radio Frequency (RF) signal to the different areas to be covered.
2) Beamforming antennas to send in real time the RF power just in the direction(s) where it is really necessary
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