80,548 research outputs found
The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework
This paper represents an early attempt to develop an integrated framework linking empirical studies that make use of trademark statistics. Despite its youth, this field of scholarly activity has already accumulated a critical mass of papers that allow us to draw first general conclusions about the trademark lifecycle and its impact on organisational functioning. Based on a systematic review of 64 articles with some elements of empirical trademark analysis, five broad research areas have been identified, namely: the determinants of trademark deposits; the relationship between trademarks and innovation processes; the role of trademarks in differentiating product offerings; the strategic use of trademarks; and the impact of trademarks on firm performance. Within each category, a more detailed aggregation of articles has also been proposed. Overall, the analysis has shown that the performance-based perspective currently dominates the research landscape, with studies on trademark deposits and the trademark-innovation link to follow. At the same time, there is still little known about micro-foundations of a company's trademarking behaviour; the use of trademarks and other intellectual property rights in a complementary way and its effect on value transference; as well as the performance implications of differentiation strategy. This paper considers these and other findings to outline directions for future research
Determinants of technology adoption in the retail trade industry - the case of SMEs in Spain
This paper analyzes the determinants of small and medium-sized enterprisesâ technology adoption in the retail trade industry. From the theoretical perspective, two types of influential factors are differentiated in this respect: the personal characteristics of the manager/business owner and the businessâs organizational characteristics. The empirical analysis is based on a survey of 268 small and medium-sized enterprises in the Spanish retail trade sector. A logistic regression specification is used as an econometric method.
The results indicate that both the acquisition of new technical and electronic equipment and the obtaining of new software are affected by the two types of determinants previously pointed out. The manager/business ownerâs entrepreneurial motivation and educational background have significant influences on technology adoption in this type of companies. Furthermore, being part of a business group, carrying out training activities for the employees and inter-firm cooperation also positively influence technology adoption in the retail trade industry
Transmission losses cost allocation in restructed electricity market environment
During these recent decades, the restructuring system of electricity market
has been taken places around the whole world. Due to the restructuring
(deregulation), the electrical power system has been divided into three separates
categories according to the function. First stage of power system is the generation
companies (GENCOs), followed by transmission companies (TRANSCOs) and
distribution companies (DISCOs). The competitive environment will be handling by
a non-profit entity, independent system operator (ISO) that functioning as the system
securities that have to make sure that the power system continues to operate in a
stable and economical manner. However, restructuring system can give effect during
the energy transmission. One of the transmission issues is regarding the power
losses. To overcome the losses, generators must generate more power. The issue
regarding the transmission losses in deregulated system is how to allocate it to the
user and charge them in fair ways as in for instance the pool trading model, it is hard
to trace the power contribution and losses of each user in transmission line. In
addition, the users didnât want to pay the losses, it means that the ISO have to
responsible for the losses and it will be unfair to put the responsible to ISO alone.
Therefore, in this project, the allocation of transmission losses and loss cost methods
which are the pro-rata and proportional sharing method will be investigated.
Comparison between those methods will be done in order to identify which types of
method that reflect an efficient and fair way to distribute the cost of the transmission
losses to the user. These chosen methods will be tested on IEEE bus system
An empirical investigation on EDI determinants and outcomes in Malaysian industry
Government involvement is the main cause for the EDI acceptance
in Southeast Asian countries (United Nation of Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and Pacific - UNESCAP, 1996). This
is significantly different from the EDI developments in the western
countries in which private sector involvement in EDI is substantial
(UNESCAP, 1996). As an initial step to spur EDI implementation in
private sector, the Malaysian Government has imposed all companies
that engage in international trade to implement EDI by doing
electronic customs declarations through CIS (Customs Information
System) DagangNet. For this, the Government also spent over RM
300 million to fully implement EDI nationwide (Star, 2003 December
3). Nevertheless, such implementation is not successful and it has
been claimed that
âEDI is not yet fully implemented even though it
had been initiated since late 1990s, besides electronic data is also
still not recognized for legal customs declaration purposes even if it
was meant for paperless and electronic customs declarationsâ
(Star,
2003 December 3). To date, there are dual customs declarations, both
electronic and manual, in practices where the sole typical electronic
transaction is registration of the customs form (Jimmy, 2005; Star,
2005 July 11). This is in contrast with electronic customs declarations by other countries such as Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore where
there is a full electronic declaration including electronic payment
for declarations charges (Jimmy, 2005; Star, 2005 July 11; Chau,
2001)
The diffusion of IP telephony and vendors' commercialisation strategies
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in the Journal of Information Technology. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available at the link below.The Internet telephony (IP telephony) has been presented as a technology that can replace existing fixed-line services and disrupt the telecommunications industry by offering new low-priced services. This study investigates the diffusion of IP telephony in Denmark by focusing on vendorsâ commercialisation strategies. The theory of disruptive innovation is introduced to investigate vendorsâ perceptions about IP telephony and explore their strategies that affect the diffusion process in the residential market. The analysis is based on interview data collected from the key market players. The study's findings suggest that IP telephony is treated as a sustaining innovation that goes beyond the typical voice transmission and enables provision of advanced services such as video telephony
Determinants of innovativeness in SMEs. disentangling core innovation and technology adoption capabilities
This paper studies innovativeness in SMEs from a set of innovation indicators at the firm level, capturing various types of innovation (product, process, organisational, and marketing innovations) and the level of
innovativeness in these firmâs developments. The article identifies two separate dimensions in the innovativeness of Spanish SMEs, using factor analysis techniques. One dimension is associated with the
capabilities for core/internal innovation and the other with the capabilities for the adoption of technology. The paper shows that significant differences exist in the personal and organisational factors that favour
these two dimensions. The entrepreneurâs motivation, business planning, and cooperation in R&D activities constitute significant factors when considering the core dimension of a firmâs innovativeness, but have no effect on the firmâs capabilities for technology adoption. However, the use of external consultancy services seems to have no significant effect on the core dimension of the innovativeness of anSME, whereas it is a relevant factor for its technology adoption. Furthermore, it is shown that the entrepreneurâs education plays a more significant role in the core dimension of a firmâs innovativeness than in its capabilities for technology adoption. Depending on the policy objectives, these differences should lead to the application of specific policy approaches when an attempt to stimulate innovation in
SMEs is made
International Outsourcing and the Supply Side Productivity Determinants
A service provider firm in an outsourcing relationship is distinct from a typical firm because it is not a stand alone organization and fits somewhere in between the value chain of its clientâs business. Thus, conventional factors like wages, capital, rent, energy consumption cannot appropriately determine a Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) firmâs productivity. Academic research is silent on the factors that influence the performance of a BPO firm even though the issue is pertinent from the perspective of the host country, the sourcing firm, the global outsourcing industry and of course the service provider firm. In this paper, we embark on to explore these factors.productivity, outsourcing, third party vendor
Entrepreneurship, Entry and Exit in Creative Industries: an explorative Survey
Series: Creative Industries in Vienna: Development, Dynamics and Potential
Innovation, skills and performance in the downturn: an analysis of the UK innovation survey 2011
The link between firmsâ innovation performance and economic cycles, especially
major downturns such as that of 2008-10, is a matter of great policy significance, but
is relatively under-researched at least at the level of micro data on business
behaviour. It is, for example, often argued that economies need to âinnovate out of
recessionsâ since innovation is positively associated with improvements in
productivity that then lead to growth and better employment (Nesta, 2009).
The issues of how individual firms respond to downturns through their investment in
innovation, and how this impacts on innovation outputs and ultimately business
performance and growth during and after downturns, has been less studied because
relevant data has not been readily available. The UK Innovation Survey (UKIS) 2011
now makes this possible. The UKIS 2011 with reference period 2008 to 2010 covers
the downturn in economic activity generated by the global financial crash. The build-up of panels over the life of the UKIS also supports analysis of the longer-term interactions between innovation and the business cycle. This report analyses the last four waves of the surveys. Further, the latest survey includes questions on whether firms employ a specific set of skills, which adds materially to the ability to research the role of skills and human capital in innovation at the micro level
The Impact of Functional Integration and Spatial Proximity on the Post-entry Performance of Knowledge Intensive Business Service Firms
Knowledge intensive business service firms (KIBS) are an important element of modern economies and thus attracting increasing interest in scientific research. In the existing literature it is argued that due to the important role of knowledge, innovation and userproducer interaction in the KIBS sector, functional integration and spatial proximity are particularly decisive for a firmâs development. Nevertheless, due to the absence of suitable micro data there is a lack of studies empirically analysing the impact of functional integration and regional proximity using micro firm data. Based upon newlyconducted firm micro data in three German metropolitan regions, this paper supplements the literature by giving a multivariate empirical analysis of the determinants of post-entry performance of KIBS. The results of the estimation of firm growth equations show that functional linkages to knowledge providers, customers and co-operation partners indeed matter for the performance of young KIBS. Regarding spatial proximity, however, especially a high diversification of geographical reach is proved to be crucial.Employment growth, Entrepreneurship, Entry, Firm growth, Innovation, Knowledge intensive business services, Post-entry performance
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