A framework in support of emergency management for specified and unspecified emergencies.

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Mapping Current and Potential Sources of Routine Data Capture on New Psychoactive Substances in Scotland

The paper maps the data currently being captured on NPS, and provides a starting point for exploring the strengths and weaknesses of a number of existing data systems in Scotland, and opportunities for data sharing

Standardizing New Diagnostic Tests to Facilitate Rapid Responses to The Covid-19 Pandemic

In order to enhance the data interoperability, an expeditious and accurate standardization solution is highly desirable for naming rapidly emerging novel lab tests, and thus diminishes confusion in early responses to pandemic outbreaks. This is a preliminary study to explore the roles and implementation of medical informatics technology, especially natural language processing and ontology methods, in standardizing information about emerging lab tests during a pandemic, thereby facilitating rapid responses to the pandemic. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop an informatics framework for rapid standardization of lab testing names during a pandemic to better prepare for future public health threats. We first constructed an information model for lab tests approved during the COVID-19 pandemic and built a named entity recognition tool that can automatically extract lab test information specified in the information model from the Emergency Use Authorization(EUA)documents of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thus creating a catalog of approved lab tests with detailed information. To facilitate the standardization of lab testing data in electronic health records, we further developed the COVID-19 TestNorm, a tool that normalizes the names of various COVID-19 lab testing used by different healthcare facilities into standard Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). The overall accuracy of COVID-19 TestNorm on the development set was 98.9%, and on the independent test set was 97.4%. Lastly, we conducted a clinical study on COVID-19 re-positivity to demonstrate the utility of standardized lab test information in supporting clinical research. We believe that the result of my study indicates great a potential of medical informatics technologies for facilitating rapid responses to both current and future pandemics

What’s Happening Around the World? A Survey and Framework on Event Detection Techniques on Twitter

© 2019, Springer Nature B.V. In the last few years, Twitter has become a popular platform for sharing opinions, experiences, news, and views in real-time. Twitter presents an interesting opportunity for detecting events happening around the world. The content (tweets) published on Twitter are short and pose diverse challenges for detecting and interpreting event-related information. This article provides insights into ongoing research and helps in understanding recent research trends and techniques used for event detection using Twitter data. We classify techniques and methodologies according to event types, orientation of content, event detection tasks, their evaluation, and common practices. We highlight the limitations of existing techniques and accordingly propose solutions to address the shortcomings. We propose a framework called EDoT based on the research trends, common practices, and techniques used for detecting events on Twitter. EDoT can serve as a guideline for developing event detection methods, especially for researchers who are new in this area. We also describe and compare data collection techniques, the effectiveness and shortcomings of various Twitter and non-Twitter-based features, and discuss various evaluation measures and benchmarking methodologies. Finally, we discuss the trends, limitations, and future directions for detecting events on Twitter

Information transfer problems in the aviation system

Problems in the transfer of information within the aviation system are discussed. Particular attention is given to voice communication problems in both intracockpit and air/ground situations

Explosives and Incendiaries Used in Terrorist Attacks on Public Surface Transportation: A Preliminary Empirical Analysis, MTI Report WP 09-02

This report provides data on terrorist attacks against public surface transportation targets and serious crimes committed against such targets throughout the world. The data are drawn from the MTI database of attacks on public surface transportation, which is expanded and updated as information becomes available. This analysis is based on the database as of February 20, 2010. Data include the frequency and lethality with which trains, buses, and road and highway targets are attacked; the relationship between fatalities and attacks against those targets; and the relationship between injuries and attacks against them. The report presents some preliminary observations drawn from the data that can help stakeholder governments, transit managers, and employee to focus on the ways the most frequent and/or most lethal attacks are carried out as they consider measures to prevent or mitigate attacks that may be considered likely to happen in the United State