On Littoral Warfare

The lack of adequate capabilities for littoral warfare could cost a blue-water force like the U.S. Navy dearly in a high-intensity conventional war. So might the lack of a sound theory of littoral warfare, operational concepts, and doctrine; these require much effort and time and cannot be produced in a hurry after hostilities start

Identification of SAR Detected Targets on Sea in Near Real Time Applications for Maritime Surveillance

Remote sensing technologies are widely used in maritime surveillance applications. Nowadays, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems provide outstanding capabilities for target detection at sea for large areas independently from the weather conditions. The generated value added target detection product is composed by complementary information from the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Resulting information layers provides a more reliable picture on the maritime situation awareness. This paper describes the approach of SAR-AIS data fusion and its visualization means developed for Near Real Time (NRT) Applications for Maritime Situational Awareness by the Maritime Security Lab at the Ground Station in Neustrelitz, part DLR’s German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD). Presented implementation is based on combination of many open source geospatial libraries and frameworks (e.g., GDAL/OGR, Geoserver, PostgresSQL) and shows their effectiveness in the context of complex automated data processing in the frame of NRT requirements

LOGISTICS IN CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS

This report examines the transport and delivery of logistics in contested environments within the context of great-power competition (GPC). Across the Department of Defense (DOD), it is believed that GPC will strain our current supply lines beyond their capacity to maintain required warfighting capability. Current DOD efforts are underway to determine an appropriate range of platforms, platform quantities, and delivery tactics to meet the projected logistics demand in future conflicts. This report explores the effectiveness of various platforms and delivery methods through analysis in developed survivability, circulation, and network optimization models. Among other factors, platforms are discriminated by their radar cross-section (RCS), noise level, speed, cargo capacity, and self-defense capability. To maximize supply delivered and minimize the cost of losses, the results of this analysis indicate preference for utilization of well-defended convoys on supply routes where bulk supply is appropriate and smaller, and widely dispersed assets on shorter, more contested routes with less demand. Sensitivity analysis on these results indicates system survivability can be improved by applying RCS and noise-reduction measures to logistics assets.Director, Warfare Integration (OPNAV N9I)Major, Israel Defence ForcesCivilian, Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd, SingaporeCommander, Republic of Singapore NavyCommander, United States NavyCaptain, Singapore ArmyLieutenant, United States NavyLieutenant, United States NavyMajor, Republic of Singapore Air ForceCaptain, United States Marine CorpsLieutenant, United States NavyLieutenant, United States NavyLieutenant, United States NavyLieutenant, United States NavyLieutenant, United States NavyCaptain, Singapore ArmyLieutenant Junior Grade, United States NavyCaptain, Singapore ArmyLieutenant Colonel, Republic of Singapore Air ForceApproved for public release. distribution is unlimite

Vessel collision threat detection for offshore oil and gas installations

There is a potential for major structural damage to offshore installations leading to fatalities and serious injuries in the event of collision by either a passing or an in-field seagoing vessel. Both categories of collision have occurred on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) although to date only significant, rather than catastrophic, consequences have occurred. Internationally, collisions have occurred that have caused both loss of life and environmental damage. This report considers collision threat detection and updates Research Report RR514 (2006). RR1154 considers the Ship/Platform Collision Incident Database which was previously described in Research Report RR053 (2001). Collision threat detection via radar and visual watch keeping is one of the major duties that the Emergency Response and Rescue Vessel (ERRV) crew needs to conduct for monitoring and appraisal of risks to UKCS installations. Detection tools are subject to a number of limitations and this report investigates technological advancements including: (1) deployment of automated radar detection and tracking devices to supplement the work of ERRV crews and assist in the overall collision risk management strategy; and (2) the implementation of Automatic Identification System (AIS) equipment in the global marine regulatory system which has also had an impact on vessel identification and the processes through which an errant vessel can be warned off. Results are discussed in terms of both how they may affect current operations and how they may be adopted in future to enhance offshore safety

IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES TO STRENGTHEN MILITARY SATELLITES AS AN EFFORT IN SUPPORTING THE SEA DEFENSE STRATEGY AND UPHOLDING STATE SOVEREIGNTY

Defense Policy is a basis for realizing the Strategic Plan of a State Special Military Satellite which is a state defense and security need for implementation and regulation so that it can run ideally. The Ministry of Defense as one of the leading sectors in realizing the existence of military satellites in Indonesia, so that it can accommodate all needs for military satellites that can be used in ways that can be implemented easily, simply and as efficiently as possible. So that the research objective is to provide an in-depth analysis of the implementation of policies regarding military satellites issued by the ministry of defense. So that it becomes an important thing to do an evaluation so that it can find solutions and strategies in implementing the implementation of these policies. The research method is using a qualitative method with data collection in the form of interviews, indirect observation and literature studies, which are then processed with Edward III's Policy Implementation theory and strategy theory for how to maximize efforts to implement policies on military satellites. The results of the research are in the Policy Implementation Process, in this case namely the Military Satellite Policy contained in the General Policy on National Defense issued by the Ministry of Defense, there are communications that have not been implemented to Policy Executors such as Bakamla and TNI AL, while to make strategies for implementing these policies, with the concept of means, ways and ends, provides output of the concept of implementation strategy resulting from a comparison of Chinese and American military satellite policies, which have important criteria, namely leadership style factors, budget base and supporting infrastructure

BLUE WATER AND WHITE POWDER: TRENDS IN MARITIME NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING IN THE GREATER CARIBBEAN

This thesis argues that drug traffickers and law enforcement are caught in a cycle of competitive adaptation and that traffickers have consistently adapted to law enforcement pressure. It uses a history of cocaine trafficking from 1970 to 2000 and a case study on “narco-submarines” to provide both a macro and micro view of the competition between law enforcement and drug traffickers in the Caribbean. This thesis finds that since its inception, cocaine interdiction has been largely ineffective despite the major increases in law enforcement resources from the 1970s to the 1990s, including the use of the U.S. military to support counternarcotics operations. Interdiction has been ineffective because traffickers can rapidly adapt to law enforcement pressure by changing their smuggling methods and shifting their routes.Captain, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

The implementation and operation of the VTS in the Turkish straits and Sea of Marmara

Turkish Maritime Shipping and Traffic in the Turkish Straits and the Sea of Marmara has been effected due to lack of dissemination of navigational information, traffic monitoring and management during the past. There has always been a need for ships to navigate accurately and safely. This problem has created a number of ship collisions, accidents, fires, deaths and major pollution spills, loss of vessels and cargoes. This lack of proper traffic management has been led to the blockage of Straits by some casualties. These results directly cause harm to both the Turkish economy and environment and also effect other countries which have to use these sea ways. The paper examines the current traffic situation in the Turkish Straits and the Sea of Marmara and investigates current developments in vessel traffic management systems around the world. An attempt is made to determine how best the new technology can be applied to improve safety and effectiveness in the Straits. A number of recommendations on how a suitable and practicable VTS system may be successfully implemented in the Straits to fulfil the requirements of this sensitive area are made. To assist the development of a proposed VTS, technical specifications, operational plans, procedures and regulations, as well as training requirements for VTS operators, are recommended. The paper concludes with some views on the status of the Turkish Straits bearing in mind apparent conflicts between International Legislation

A “New Look” at Cold War Maritime Defense—The Royal Canadian Navy’s Seaward Defence Report and the Threat of the Missile-Firing Submarine, 1955

The Soviets’ development in the mid-1950s of the capability to launch nuclear-armed missiles from conventional submarines constituted a significant challenge to Allied antisubmarine forces during the Cold War, impacting the U.S. Navy and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) most. The RCN’s 1955 Seaward Defence Report reveals how a midsize navy with comparatively limited resources charged with defending a long coastline and valuable strategic targets proposed to cope with dramatically changing circumstances

Sea-ice information and forecast needs for industry maritime stakeholders

Profound changes in Arctic sea-ice, a growing desire to utilize the Arctic’s abundant natural resources, and the potential competitiveness of Arctic shipping routes, all provide for increased industry marine activity throughout the Arctic Ocean. This is anticipated to result in further challenges for maritime safety. Those operating in ice-infested waters require various types of information for sea-ice and iceberg hazards. Ice information requirements depend on regional needs and whether the stakeholder wants to avoid ice all together, operate near or in the Marginal Ice Zone, or areas within the ice pack. An insight into user needs demonstrates how multiple spatial and temporal resolutions for sea-ice information and forecasts are necessary to provide information to the marine operating community for safety, planning, and situational awareness. Although ship-operators depend on sea-ice information for tactical navigation, stakeholders working in route and capacity planning can benefit from climatological and long-range forecast information at lower spatial and temporal resolutions where the interest is focused on open-water season. The advent of the Polar Code has brought with it additional information requirements, and exposed gaps in capacity and knowledge. Thus, future satellite data sources should be at resolutions that support both tactical and planning activities