Detection solution analysis for simplistic spoofing attacks in commercial mini and micro UAVs

Enamus droone kasutab lennundusest pärit GPS navigatsiooniseadmeid, millel puuduvad turvaprotokollid ning nende riskioht pahatahtlike rünnakute sihtmärgina on kasvanud hüppeliselt lähimineviku arengute ja progressi tõttu SDR ja GNSS simulatsioonitarkvara valdkonnas. See on loonud ligipääsu tehnikale amatöörkasutajatele, millel on saatja aadressi võltsimise jõudlus. Need potensiaalsed rünnakud kuuluvad lihtsakoeliste kategooriasse, kuid selle uurimustöö tulemusena selgus, et nendes rünnakute edukuses on olulised erinevused teatud GPS vastuvõtjate ja konfiguratsioonide vahel. \n\rSee uurimustöö analüüsis erinevaid saatja aadressi võltsimise avastamise meetodeid, mis olid avatud kasutajatele ning valis välja need, mis on sobilikud mini- ja mikrodroonide tehnonõuetele ja operatsioonistsenaariumitele, eesmärgiga pakkuda välja GPS aadresside rünnakute avastamiseks rakenduste tasandil avatud allikakoodiga Ground Control Station tarkvara SDK. Avastuslahenduse eesmärk on jälgida ja kinnitada äkilisi, abnormaalseid või ebaloogilisi tulemväärtusi erinevates drooni sensiorites lisaallkatest pärit lisainfoga. \n\rLäbiviidud testid kinnitavad, et olenevalt olukorrast ja tingimustest saavad saatja aadressi võltsimise rünnakud õnnestuda. Rünnakud piiravad GPS mehanismide ligipääsu, mida saab kasutada rünnakute avastuseks. Neid rünnakuid puudutav info asetseb infovoos või GPSi signaalprotsessi tasandis, kuid seda infot ei saa haarata tasandile kus SDK tarkvara haldab kõigi teiste sensorite infot.Most of UAVs are GPS navigation based aircrafts that rely on a system with lack of security, their latent risk against malicious attacks has been raised with the recent progress and development in SDRs and GNSS simulation software, facilitating to amateurs the accessibility of equipment with spoofing capabilities. The attacks which can be done with this setup belong to the category simplistic, however, during this thesis work there are validated different cases of successful results under certain GPS receivers’ state or configuration.\n\rThis work analysis several spoofing detection methods found in the open literature, and selects the ones which can be suitable for mini and micro UAV technical specifications and operational scenario, for proposing a GPS spoofing detection solution developed in the application layer of an open source code Ground Control Station software SDK. The detection solution is intended to monitor and correlate abrupt, abnormal or unreasonable values of different sensors of the UAV with data obtained from available additional sources.\n\rThe conducted tests validate the cases and circumstances where the spoofing attacks were successful. Limitations include the lack of mechanisms to access GPS values which can be useful for detection spoofing attacks, but reside in the data bit or signal processing layer of the GPS and can not be retrieve to the layer where the SDK in computing all data of other sensors

Parametric models for a database of realistic threats to GNSS receivers

Threats to GNSS receivers are becoming increasingly complex and easier to implement due to technological advancement. So, these attacks have become now a serious problem for any user, not only, for example, for military or safety-of-life purposes anymore. In this context, TAM has been created to collect data about these attacks and possible mitigations. This thesis describes how tested threat scenarios to GNSS signals have been parameterized to be inserted in the TAM database.openEmbargo tempraneo per motivi di segretezza e/o di proprietà dei risultati e informazioni di enti esterni o aziende private che hanno partecipato alla realizzazione del lavoro di ricerca relativo alla tes

Galileo and EGNOS as an asset for UTM safety and security

GAUSS (Galileo-EGNOS as an Asset for UTM Safety and Security) is a H2020 project1 that aims at designing and developing high performance positioning systems for drones within the U-Space framework focusing on UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System) VLL (Very Low Level) operations. The key element within GAUSS is the integration and exploitation of Galileo and EGNOS exceptional features in terms of accuracy, integrity and security, which will be key assets for the safety of current and future drone operations. More concretely, high accuracy, authentication, precise timing (among others) are key GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) enablers of future integrated drone operations under UTM (UAS Traffic Management) operations, which in Europe will be deployed under U-Space [1]. The U-Space concept helps control, manage and integrate all UAS in the VLL airspace to ensure the security and efficiency of UAS operations. GAUSS will enable not only safe, timely and efficient operations but also coordination among a higher number of RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) in the air with the appropriate levels of security, as it will improve anti-jamming and anti-spoofing capabilities through a multi-frequency and multi-constellation approach and Galileo authentication operations. The GAUSS system will be validated with two field trials in two different UTM real scenarios (in-land and sea) with the operation of a minimum of four UTM coordinated UAS from different types (fixed and rotary wing), manoeuvrability and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) operational categories. The outcome of the project will consist of Galileo-EGNOS based technological solutions to enhance safety and security levels in both, current UAS and future UTM operations. Increased levels of efficiency, reliability, safety, and security in UAS operations are key enabling features to foster the EU UAS regulation, market development and full acceptance by the society.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Security Evaluation of GNSS Signal Quality Monitoring Techniques against Optimal Spoofing Attacks

GNSSs have a significant impact on everyday life and, therefore, the are increasingly becoming an attractive target for illicit exploitation. As such, anti-spoofing algorithms have become an relevant research topic within the GNSS discipline. This Thesis provides a review of recent research in the field of GNSS spoofing/anti-spoofing, designs a method to generate an energy optimal spoofing signal and evaluates the performance of the anti-spoofing signal quality monitoring techniques against it