7 research outputs found

    LTE-U์™€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘์ ์ธ Wi-Fi ์ ˆ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ์ตœ์„ฑํ˜„.LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) supports LTE downlink operation in 5~GHz unlicensed bands, where Wi-Fi has been a traditional incumbent for a long time. To achieve a fair coexistence with Wi-Fi, LTE-U employs carrier sense adaptive transmission (CSAT), but it does not guarantee a perfectly fair coexistence. Therefore, many studies have dealt with unfair coexistence problems of Wi-Fi and LTE-U. In this paper, our experiment results show that a Wi-Fi station not only suffers from unfair coexistence but also wastes energy and air time when it coexists with LTE-U. To cope with this problem, we propose AWARE, a station-driven adaptive Wi-Fi power save operation coexisting with LTE-U, which does not require any hardware modification. We implement AWARE on a commercial 802.11n device, and our evaluation shows that AWARE enhances throughput of Wi-Fi by up to 50% while reducing the power consumption of Wi-Fi station by up to 33% by effectively adapting Wi-Fi power state.LTE-Unlicensed(LTE-U)๋Š” Wi-Fi๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ 5~GHz ๋น„๋ฉดํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ LTE ํ•˜ํ–ฅ๋งํฌ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ฉดํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์—ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” Wi-Fi์™€์˜ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์กด์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด LTE-U๋Š” carrirer sense adaptive transmission(CSAT)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์กด์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ Wi-Fi์™€ LTE-U์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด LTE-U์™€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— Wi-Fi ๋‹จ๋ง์ด ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋‚ญ๋น„์™€ ๋งค์ฒด ์ ์œ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AWARE๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. AWARE๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์—†์ด ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘์ ์ธ Wi-Fi ์ ˆ์ „ ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ 802.11n ์žฅ๋น„์— AWARE๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Wi-Fi์™€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AWARE๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ Wi-Fi ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ Wi-Fi ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 33% ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— Wi-Fi ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 50% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.1. INTRODUCTION 2. RELATED WORK 3. PRELIMINARIES 3.1 LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) 3.2 Wi-Fi Power Save Mode (PSM) 3.2.1 Static PSM 3.2.2 Dynamic PSM 3.3 Automatic power save delivery (APSD) 4. MOTIVATION 4.1 Performance of Wi-Fi Coexisting with LTE-U 4.1.1 Scenario 1 4.1.2 Scenario 2 4.2 Energy and Air Time Waste Problem 5. AWARE: Proposed Algorithm 5.1 LTE-U Detection 5.1.1 Processing 5.1.2 Calibrating 5.2 Enhanced Power Save Operation (EPSO) 6. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 6.1 LTE-U Detection 6.2 AWARE 6.2.1 Scenario 1 6.2.2 Scenario 2 6.2.3 Scenario 3 6.2.4 Scenario 4 7. CONCLUSIONMaste

    Community Networks and Sustainability: a Survey of Perceptions, Practices, and Proposed Solutions

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    Community network (CN) initiatives have been around for roughly two decades, evangelizing a distinctly different paradigm for building, maintaining, and sharing network infrastructure but also defending the basic human right to Internet access. Over this time they have evolved into a mosaic of systems that vary widely with respect to their network technologies, their offered services, their organizational structure, and the way they position themselves in the overall telecommunicationsโ€™ ecosystem. Common to all these highly differentiated initiatives is the sustainability challenge. We approach sustainability as a broad term with an economical, political, and cultural context. We first review the different perceptions of the term. These vary both across and within the different types of stakeholders involved in CNs and are reflected in their motivation to join such initiatives. Then, we study the diverse approaches of CN operators towards the sustainability goal. Given the rich context of the term, these range all the way from mechanisms to fund their activities, to organizational structures and social activities serving as incentives for the engagement of their members. We iterate on incentive mechanisms that have been proposed and theoretically analyzed in the literature for CNs as well as tools and processes that have been actually implemented in them. Finally, we enumerate lessons that have been learned out of these two decades of CNsโ€™ operation and discuss additional technological and regulatory issues that are key to their longer-term sustainability

    Dependable Embedded Systems

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    This Open Access book introduces readers to many new techniques for enhancing and optimizing reliability in embedded systems, which have emerged particularly within the last five years. This book introduces the most prominent reliability concerns from todayโ€™s points of view and roughly recapitulates the progress in the community so far. Unlike other books that focus on a single abstraction level such circuit level or system level alone, the focus of this book is to deal with the different reliability challenges across different levels starting from the physical level all the way to the system level (cross-layer approaches). The book aims at demonstrating how new hardware/software co-design solution can be proposed to ef-fectively mitigate reliability degradation such as transistor aging, processor variation, temperature effects, soft errors, etc. Provides readers with latest insights into novel, cross-layer methods and models with respect to dependability of embedded systems; Describes cross-layer approaches that can leverage reliability through techniques that are pro-actively designed with respect to techniques at other layers; Explains run-time adaptation and concepts/means of self-organization, in order to achieve error resiliency in complex, future many core systems

    Performance Analysis For Wireless G (IEEE 802.11 G) And Wireless N (IEEE 802.11 N) In Outdoor Environment

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    This paper described an analysis the different capabilities and limitation of both IEEE technologies that has been utilized for data transmission directed to mobile device. In this work, we have compared an IEEE 802.11/g/n outdoor environment to know what technology is better. the comparison consider on coverage area (mobility), through put and measuring the interferences. The work presented here is to help the researchers to select the best technology depending of their deploying case, and investigate the best variant for outdoor. The tool used is Iperf software which is to measure the data transmission performance of IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11g

    Performance analysis for wireless G (IEEE 802.11G) and wireless N (IEEE 802.11N) in outdoor environment

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    This paper described an analysis the different capabilities and limitation of both IEEE technologies that has been utilized for data transmission directed to mobile device. In this work, we have compared an IEEE 802.11/g/n outdoor environment to know what technology is better. The comparison consider on coverage area (mobility), throughput and measuring the interferences. The work presented here is to help the researchers to select the best technology depending of their deploying case, and investigate the best variant for outdoor. The tool used is Iperf software which is to measure the data transmission performance of IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11g
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