An Analog Checker with Programmable Adaptive Error Threshold

This paper presents an analog checker whose error threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to its input signal levels. In addition, the proposed circuit can be programmed to implement different adaptive schemes. Factors that affect the stability and accuracy of the proposed design are investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented

A Programmable Window Comparator for Analog Online Testing

This paper discusses the challenge of designing window comparators for analog online testing applications. A programmable window comparator with adaptive error threshold is presented. Experimental results demonstrate that improved fault detection capability is achieved by using the proposed design. Measurement results of the fabricated comparator circuit are also presented

Design of a Window Comparator with Adaptive Error Threshold for Online Testing Applications

This paper presents a novel window comparator circuit whose error threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to its input signal levels. It is ideal for analog online testing applications. Advantages of adaptive comparator error thresholds over constant or relative error thresholds in analog testing applications are discussed. Analytical equations for guiding the design of proposed comparator circuitry are derived. The proposed comparator circuit has been designed and fabricated using a CMOS 0.18mu technology. Measurement results of the fabricated chip are presented

An analog checker with inputrelative tolerance for duplicate signals

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Design of Window Comparators for Integrator-Based Capacitor Array Testing Circuits

This paper investigates the impact of window comparator threshold variations on the performance of integrator-based programmable capacitor array (PCA) testing circuits. It presents two window comparator designs that take different approaches to address the problem of comparator threshold variations in PCA testing. The first comparator design utilizes a fully symmetric circuit structure to achieve small threshold deviations. The second design relies on increasing testing time to reduce the effect of comparator threshold variations. Experimental results are presented to compare the performance of the two design approaches

Germany's Corona Crisis: The State of Emergency and Policy(Mis)learning

This article analyzes Germany's policy-making in response to the Corona crisis between January 2020 and March 2021. Two theoretical perspectives are advanced. The first concerns how the government's imposition of a 'state of emergency' affects liberal democratic policy-making resulting in the closure of deliberation in favor of top-down imposition. The second perspective looks at different types of policy learning under crisis conditions. The central thesis is that Germany's emergency regime failed to facilitate effective policy-making since it closed down venues in which policy learning could occur. Thus, the state of emergency combined authoritarianism and inefficiency. A variety of explanations are advanced to clarify causes for the sluggishness of the German federal, regional, and local government levels to meet Corona-related challenges

The planning process and its formalization in computer models

"Paper delivered to the Second Congress on the Information Systems Sciences, Hot Springs, Va., Nov. 22-25, 1964. -- Rev. January 1965.

Design and application of convergent cellular automata

Systems made of many interacting elements may display unanticipated emergent properties. A system for which the desired properties are the same as those which emerge will be inherently robust. Currently available techniques for designing emergent properties are prohibitively costly for all but the simplest systems. The self-assembly of biological cells into tissues and ultimately organisms is an example of a natural dynamic distributed system of which the primary emergent behaviour is a fully operational being. The distributed process that co-ordinates this self-assembly is morphogenesis. By analysing morphogenesis with a cellular automata model we deduce a means by which this self-organisation might be achieved. This mechanism is then adapted to the design of self-organising patterns, reliable electronic systems and self-assembling systems. The limitations of the design algorithm are analysed, as is a means to overcome them. The cost of this algorithm is discussed and finally demonstrated with the design of a reliable arithmetic logic unit and a self-assembling, self-repairing and metamorphosising robot made of 12,000 cells