1,426 research outputs found
Decentralized Adaptive Helper Selection in Multi-channel P2P Streaming Systems
In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) multichannel live streaming, helper peers with surplus
bandwidth resources act as micro-servers to compensate the server deficiencies
in balancing the resources between different channel overlays. With deployment
of helper level between server and peers, optimizing the user/helper topology
becomes a challenging task since applying well-known reciprocity-based choking
algorithms is impossible due to the one-directional nature of video streaming
from helpers to users. Because of selfish behavior of peers and lack of central
authority among them, selection of helpers requires coordination. In this
paper, we design a distributed online helper selection mechanism which is
adaptable to supply and demand pattern of various video channels. Our solution
for strategic peers' exploitation from the shared resources of helpers is to
guarantee the convergence to correlated equilibria (CE) among the helper
selection strategies. Online convergence to the set of CE is achieved through
the regret-tracking algorithm which tracks the equilibrium in the presence of
stochastic dynamics of helpers' bandwidth. The resulting CE can help us select
proper cooperation policies. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm
achieves good convergence, load distribution on helpers and sustainable
streaming rates for peers
Video-on-Demand over Internet: a survey of existing systems and solutions
Video-on-Demand is a service where movies are delivered to distributed users with low delay and free interactivity. The traditional client/server architecture experiences scalability issues to provide video streaming services, so there have been many proposals of systems, mostly based on a peer-to-peer or on a hybrid server/peer-to-peer solution, to solve this issue. This work presents a survey of the currently existing or proposed systems and solutions, based upon a subset of representative systems, and defines selection criteria allowing to classify these systems. These criteria are based on common questions such as, for example, is it video-on-demand or live streaming, is the architecture based on content delivery network, peer-to-peer or both, is the delivery overlay tree-based or mesh-based, is the system push-based or pull-based, single-stream or multi-streams, does it use data coding, and how do the clients choose their peers. Representative systems are briefly described to give a summarized overview of the proposed solutions, and four ones are analyzed in details. Finally, it is attempted to evaluate the most promising solutions for future experiments. Résumé La vidéo à la demande est un service où des films sont fournis à distance aux utilisateurs avec u
Applications of Repeated Games in Wireless Networks: A Survey
A repeated game is an effective tool to model interactions and conflicts for
players aiming to achieve their objectives in a long-term basis. Contrary to
static noncooperative games that model an interaction among players in only one
period, in repeated games, interactions of players repeat for multiple periods;
and thus the players become aware of other players' past behaviors and their
future benefits, and will adapt their behavior accordingly. In wireless
networks, conflicts among wireless nodes can lead to selfish behaviors,
resulting in poor network performances and detrimental individual payoffs. In
this paper, we survey the applications of repeated games in different wireless
networks. The main goal is to demonstrate the use of repeated games to
encourage wireless nodes to cooperate, thereby improving network performances
and avoiding network disruption due to selfish behaviors. Furthermore, various
problems in wireless networks and variations of repeated game models together
with the corresponding solutions are discussed in this survey. Finally, we
outline some open issues and future research directions.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, 168 reference
Raptorqp2P: Maximize The Performance Of P2P File Distribution With Raptorq Coding
BitTorrent is the most popular Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing system widely used for distributing large files over the Internet. It has attracted extensive attentions from both network operators and researchers for investigating its deployment and performance. For example, recent studies have shown that under steady state, its rarest first scheme with the tit-for-tat mechanism can work very effectively and make BitTorrent near optimal for the generic file downloading process. However, in practice, the highly dynamic network environment, especially the notorious user churns prevalently existing in most peer-to-peer systems, can severely degrade the downloading performance. In this thesis, we first study on the limitations of BitTorrent under dynamic network environments, focusing on two scenarios where with our preliminary modeling and analysis, we clearly identify how network dynamics and peer churns can significantly degrade the performance. With these findings, we further propose a novel protocol named RaptorQP2P, which is based on RaptorQ coding, to overcome the limitations of current BitTorrent design and maximize the performance of P2P file distribution. The new protocol features two levels of RaptorQ encoding. At the top layer, the entire file is RaptorQ encoded to yield a collection of source blocks and repair blocks, and then each source and repair block is RaptorQ encoded independently to yield a collection of source symbols and repair symbols for the block. The symbols are independently transferred among the peers and when a sufficient number of distinct symbols for a particular block have been received, whether source or repair, the block can be reconstructed. The file can be reconstructed using a sufficient arbitrary number of distinct blocks. Our results show that RaptorQP2P can well handle the network dynamics as well as peer churns and significantly shorten the downloading completion time by up to 41.4% with excellent scalability on both file size and user population
On the Optimization of BitTorrent-Like Protocols for Interactive On-Demand Streaming Systems
This paper proposes two novel optimized BitTorrent-like protocols for
interactive multimedia streaming: the Simple Interactive Streaming Protocol
(SISP) and the Exclusive Interactive Streaming Protocol (EISP). The former
chiefly seeks a trade-off between playback continuity and data diversity, while
the latter is mostly focused on playback continuity. To assure a thorough and
up-to-date approach, related work is carefully examined and important open
issues, concerning the design of BitTorrent-like algorithms, are analyzed as
well. Through simulations, in a variety of near-real file replication
scenarios, the novel protocols are evaluated using distinct performance
metrics. Among the major findings, the final results show that the two novel
proposals are efficient and, besides, focusing on playback continuity ends up
being the best design concept to achieve high quality of service. Lastly,
avenues for further research are included at the end of this paper as well.Comment: 20 page
Mathematical analysis of scheduling policies in peer-to-peer video streaming networks
Las redes de pares son comunidades virtuales autogestionadas, desarrolladas en la capa de aplicación sobre la infraestructura de Internet, donde los usuarios (denominados pares) comparten recursos (ancho de banda, memoria, procesamiento) para alcanzar un fin común. La distribución de video representa la aplicación más desafiante, dadas las limitaciones de ancho de banda. Existen básicamente tres servicios de video. El más simple es la descarga, donde un conjunto de servidores posee el contenido original, y los usuarios deben descargar completamente este contenido previo a su reproducción. Un segundo servicio se denomina video bajo demanda, donde los pares se unen a una red virtual siempre que inicien una solicitud de un contenido de video, e inician una descarga progresiva en lÃnea. El último servicio es video en vivo, donde el contenido de video es generado, distribuido y visualizado simultáneamente. En esta tesis se estudian aspectos de diseño para la distribución de video en vivo y bajo demanda. Se presenta un análisis matemático de estabilidad y capacidad de arquitecturas de distribución bajo demanda hÃbridas, asistidas por pares. Los pares inician descargas concurrentes de múltiples contenidos, y se desconectan cuando lo desean. Se predice la evolución esperada del sistema asumiendo proceso Poisson de arribos y egresos exponenciales, mediante un modelo determinÃstico de fluidos. Un sub-modelo de descargas secuenciales (no simultáneas) es globalmente y estructuralmente estable, independientemente de los parámetros de la red. Mediante la Ley de Little se determina el tiempo medio de residencia de usuarios en un sistema bajo demanda secuencial estacionario. Se demuestra teóricamente que la filosofÃa hÃbrida de cooperación entre pares siempre desempeña mejor que la tecnologÃa pura basada en cliente-servidor
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