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Designing Progressive and Interactive Analytics Processes for High-Dimensional Data Analysis
In interactive data analysis processes, the dialogue between the human and the computer is the enabling mechanism that can lead to actionable observations about the phenomena being investigated. It is of paramount importance that this dialogue is not interrupted by slow computational mechanisms that do not consider any known temporal human-computer interaction characteristics that prioritize the perceptual and cognitive capabilities of the users. In cases where the analysis involves an integrated computational method, for instance to reduce the dimensionality of the data or to perform clustering, such non-optimal processes are often likely. To remedy this, progressive computations, where results are iteratively improved, are getting increasing interest in visual analytics. In this paper, we present techniques and design considerations to incorporate progressive methods within interactive analysis processes that involve high-dimensional data. We define methodologies to facilitate processes that adhere to the perceptual characteristics of users and describe how online algorithms can be incorporated within these. A set of design recommendations and according methods to support analysts in accomplishing high-dimensional data analysis tasks are then presented. Our arguments and decisions here are informed by observations gathered over a series of analysis sessions with analysts from finance. We document observations and recommendations from this study and present evidence on how our approach contribute to the efficiency and productivity of interactive visual analysis sessions involving high-dimensional data
A Review and Characterization of Progressive Visual Analytics
Progressive Visual Analytics (PVA) has gained increasing attention over the past years.
It brings the user into the loop during otherwise long-running and non-transparent computations
by producing intermediate partial results. These partial results can be shown to the user
for early and continuous interaction with the emerging end result even while it is still being
computed. Yet as clear-cut as this fundamental idea seems, the existing body of literature puts forth
various interpretations and instantiations that have created a research domain of competing terms,
various definitions, as well as long lists of practical requirements and design guidelines spread across
different scientific communities. This makes it more and more difficult to get a succinct understanding
of PVAβs principal concepts, let alone an overview of this increasingly diverging field. The review and
discussion of PVA presented in this paper address these issues and provide (1) a literature collection
on this topic, (2) a conceptual characterization of PVA, as well as (3) a consolidated set of practical
recommendations for implementing and using PVA-based visual analytics solutions
Progressive Analytics: A Computation Paradigm for Exploratory Data Analysis
Exploring data requires a fast feedback loop from the analyst to the system,
with a latency below about 10 seconds because of human cognitive limitations.
When data becomes large or analysis becomes complex, sequential computations
can no longer be completed in a few seconds and data exploration is severely
hampered. This article describes a novel computation paradigm called
Progressive Computation for Data Analysis or more concisely Progressive
Analytics, that brings at the programming language level a low-latency
guarantee by performing computations in a progressive fashion. Moving this
progressive computation at the language level relieves the programmer of
exploratory data analysis systems from implementing the whole analytics
pipeline in a progressive way from scratch, streamlining the implementation of
scalable exploratory data analysis systems. This article describes the new
paradigm through a prototype implementation called ProgressiVis, and explains
the requirements it implies through examples.Comment: 10 page
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :곡과λν μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ,2020. 2. μμ§μ±.Understanding data through interactive visualization, also known as visual analytics, is a common and necessary practice in modern data science. However, as data sizes have increased at unprecedented rates, the computation latency of visualization systems becomes a significant hurdle to visual analytics. The goal of this dissertation is to design a series of systems for progressive visual analytics (PVA)βa visual analytics paradigm that can provide intermediate results during computation and allow visual exploration of these resultsβto address the scalability hurdle. To support the interactive exploration of data with billions of records, we first introduce SwiftTuna, an interactive visualization system with scalable visualization and computation components. Our performance benchmark demonstrates that it can handle data with four billion records, giving responsive feedback every few seconds without precomputation. Second, we present PANENE, a progressive algorithm for the Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor (AKNN) problem. PANENE brings useful machine learning methods into visual analytics, which has been challenging due to their long initial latency resulting from AKNN computation. In particular, we accelerate t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), a popular non-linear dimensionality reduction technique, which enables the responsive visualization of data with a few hundred columns. Each of these two contributions aims to address the scalability issues stemming from a large number of rows or columns in data, respectively. Third, from the users' perspective, we focus on improving the trustworthiness of intermediate knowledge gained from uncertain results in PVA. We propose a novel PVA concept, Progressive Visual Analytics with Safeguards, and introduce PVA-Guards, safeguards people can leave on uncertain intermediate knowledge that needs to be verified. We also present a proof-of-concept system, ProReveal, designed and developed to integrate seven safeguards into progressive data exploration. Our user study demonstrates that people not only successfully created PVA-Guards on ProReveal but also voluntarily used PVA-Guards to manage the uncertainty of their knowledge. Finally, summarizing the three studies, we discuss design challenges for progressive systems as well as future research agendas for PVA.νλ λ°μ΄ν° μ¬μ΄μΈμ€μμ μΈν°λν°λΈν μκ°νλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄νλ κ²μ νμμ μΈ λΆμ λ°©λ² μ€ νλμ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ, μ΅κ·Ό λ°μ΄ν°μ ν¬κΈ°κ° νλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ¦κ°νλ©΄μ λ°μ΄ν° ν¬κΈ°λ‘ μΈν΄ λ°μνλ μ§μ° μκ°μ΄ μΈν°λν°λΈν μκ°μ λΆμμ ν° κ±Έλ¦Όλμ΄ λμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ΄λ¬ν νμ₯μ± λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ μ μ§μ μκ°μ λΆμ(Progressive Visual Analytics)μ μ§μνλ μΌλ ¨μ μμ€ν
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μ ꡬνν λμ λμμΈμ λμ μ ν₯ν μ°κ΅¬ λ°©ν₯μ λͺ¨μνλ€.CHAPTER1. Introduction 2
1.1 Background and Motivation 2
1.2 Thesis Statement and Research Questions 5
1.3 Thesis Contributions 5
1.3.1 Responsive and Incremental Visual Exploration of Large-scale Multidimensional Data 6
1.3.2 ProgressiveComputation of Approximate k-Nearest Neighbors and Responsive t-SNE 7
1.3.3 Progressive Visual Analytics with Safeguards 8
1.4 Structure of Dissertation 9
CHAPTER2. Related Work 11
2.1 Progressive Visual Analytics 11
2.1.1 Definitions 11
2.1.2 System Latency and Human Factors 13
2.1.3 Users, Tasks, and Models 15
2.1.4 Techniques, Algorithms, and Systems. 17
2.1.5 Uncertainty Visualization 19
2.2 Approaches for Scalable Visualization Systems 20
2.3 The k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Problem 22
2.4 t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding 26
CHAPTER3. SwiTuna: Responsive and Incremental Visual Exploration of Large-scale Multidimensional Data 28
3.1 The SwiTuna Design 31
3.1.1 Design Considerations 32
3.1.2 System Overview 33
3.1.3 Scalable Visualization Components 36
3.1.4 Visualization Cards 40
3.1.5 User Interface and Interaction 42
3.2 Responsive Querying 44
3.2.1 Querying Pipeline 44
3.2.2 Prompt Responses 47
3.2.3 Incremental Processing 47
3.3 Evaluation: Performance Benchmark 49
3.3.1 Study Design 49
3.3.2 Results and Discussion 52
3.4 Implementation 56
3.5 Summary 56
CHAPTER4. PANENE:AProgressive Algorithm for IndexingandQuerying Approximate k-Nearest Neighbors 58
4.1 Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor 61
4.1.1 A Sequential Algorithm 62
4.1.2 An Online Algorithm 63
4.1.3 A Progressive Algorithm 66
4.1.4 Filtered AKNN Search 71
4.2 k-Nearest Neighbor Lookup Table 72
4.3 Benchmark. 78
4.3.1 Online and Progressive k-d Trees 78
4.3.2 k-Nearest Neighbor Lookup Tables 83
4.4 Applications 85
4.4.1 Progressive Regression and Density Estimation 85
4.4.2 Responsive t-SNE 87
4.5 Implementation 92
4.6 Discussion 92
4.7 Summary 93
CHAPTER5. ProReveal: Progressive Visual Analytics with Safeguards 95
5.1 Progressive Visual Analytics with Safeguards 98
5.1.1 Definition 98
5.1.2 Examples 101
5.1.3 Design Considerations 103
5.2 ProReveal 105
5.3 Evaluation 121
5.4 Discussion 127
5.5 Summary 130
CHAPTER6. Discussion 132
6.1 Lessons Learned 132
6.2 Limitations 135
CHAPTER7. Conclusion 137
7.1 Thesis Contributions Revisited 137
7.2 Future Research Agenda 139
7.3 Final Remarks 141
Abstract (Korean) 155
Acknowledgments (Korean) 157Docto
A Visual Analytics Framework for Reviewing Streaming Performance Data
Understanding and tuning the performance of extreme-scale parallel computing
systems demands a streaming approach due to the computational cost of applying
offline algorithms to vast amounts of performance log data. Analyzing large
streaming data is challenging because the rate of receiving data and limited
time to comprehend data make it difficult for the analysts to sufficiently
examine the data without missing important changes or patterns. To support
streaming data analysis, we introduce a visual analytic framework comprising of
three modules: data management, analysis, and interactive visualization. The
data management module collects various computing and communication performance
metrics from the monitored system using streaming data processing techniques
and feeds the data to the other two modules. The analysis module automatically
identifies important changes and patterns at the required latency. In
particular, we introduce a set of online and progressive analysis methods for
not only controlling the computational costs but also helping analysts better
follow the critical aspects of the analysis results. Finally, the interactive
visualization module provides the analysts with a coherent view of the changes
and patterns in the continuously captured performance data. Through a
multi-faceted case study on performance analysis of parallel discrete-event
simulation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for identifying
bottlenecks and locating outliers.Comment: This is the author's preprint version that will be published in
Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 202
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