130 research outputs found
A Framework for Cyber Vulnerability Assessments of InfiniBand Networks
InfiniBand is a popular Input/Output interconnect technology used in High Performance Computing clusters. It is employed in over a quarter of the world’s 500 fastest computer systems. Although it was created to provide extremely low network latency with a high Quality of Service, the cybersecurity aspects of InfiniBand have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The InfiniBand Architecture was designed as a data center technology, logically separated from the Internet, so defensive mechanisms such as packet encryption were not implemented. Cyber communities do not appear to have taken an interest in InfiniBand, but that is likely to change as attackers branch out from traditional computing devices. This thesis considers the security implications of InfiniBand features and constructs a framework for conducting Cyber Vulnerability Assessments. Several attack primitives are tested and analyzed. Finally, new cyber tools and security devices for InfiniBand are proposed, and changes to existing products are recommended
Cloud-efficient modelling and simulation of magnetic nano materials
Scientific simulations are rarely attempted in a cloud due to the substantial
performance costs of virtualization. Considerable communication overheads,
intolerable latencies, and inefficient hardware emulation are the main reasons why
this emerging technology has not been fully exploited. On the other hand, the
progress of computing infrastructure nowadays is strongly dependent on
perspective storage medium development, where efficient micromagnetic
simulations play a vital role in future memory design.
This thesis addresses both these topics by merging micromagnetic simulations
with the latest OpenStack cloud implementation while providing a time and costeffective alternative to expensive computing centers.
However, many challenges have to be addressed before a high-performance cloud
platform emerges as a solution for problems in micromagnetic research
communities. First, the best solver candidate has to be selected and further
improved, particularly in the parallelization and process communication domain.
Second, a 3-level cloud communication hierarchy needs to be recognized and
each segment adequately addressed. The required steps include breaking the VMisolation for the host’s shared memory activation, cloud network-stack tuning,
optimization, and efficient communication hardware integration.
The project work concludes with practical measurements and confirmation of
successfully implemented simulation into an open-source cloud environment. It is
achieved that the renewed Magpar solver runs for the first time in the OpenStack
cloud by using ivshmem for shared memory communication. Also, extensive
measurements proved the effectiveness of our solutions, yielding from sixty
percent to over ten times better results than those achieved in the standard cloud.Aufgrund der erheblichen Leistungskosten der Virtualisierung werden
wissenschaftliche Simulationen in einer Cloud selten versucht. Beträchtlicher
Kommunikationsaufwand, erhebliche Latenzen und ineffiziente
Hardwareemulation sind die HauptgrĂĽnde, warum diese aufkommende
Technologie nicht vollständig genutzt wurde. Andererseits hängt der Fortschritt der
Computertechnologie heutzutage stark von der Entwicklung perspektivischer
Speichermedien ab, bei denen effiziente mikromagnetische Simulationen eine
wichtige Rolle fĂĽr die zukĂĽnftige Speichertechnologie spielen.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit diesen beiden Themen, indem mikromagnetische
Simulationen mit der neuesten OpenStack Cloud-Implementierung
zusammengefĂĽhrt werden, um eine zeit- und kostengĂĽnstige Alternative zu teuren
Rechenzentren bereitzustellen.
Viele Herausforderungen mĂĽssen jedoch angegangen werden, bevor eine
leistungsstarke Cloud-Plattform als Lösung für Probleme in mikromagnetischen
Forschungsgemeinschaften entsteht. Zunächst muss der beste Kandidat für die
Lösung ausgewählt und weiter verbessert werden, insbesondere im Bereich der
Parallelisierung und Prozesskommunikation. Zweitens muss eine 3-stufige CloudKommunikationshierarchie erkannt und jedes Segment angemessen adressiert
werden. Die erforderlichen Schritte umfassen das Aufheben der VM-Isolation, um
den gemeinsam genutzten Speicher zwischen Cloud-Instanzen zu aktivieren, die
Optimierung des Cloud-Netzwerkstapels und die effiziente Integration von
Kommunikationshardware.
Die praktische Arbeit endet mit Messungen und der Bestätigung einer erfolgreich
implementierten Simulation in einer Open-Source Cloud-Umgebung. Als Ergebnis
haben wir erreicht, dass der neu erstellte Magpar-Solver zum ersten Mal in der
OpenStack Cloud ausgefĂĽhrt wird, indem ivshmem fĂĽr die Shared-Memory
Kommunikation verwendet wird. Umfangreiche Messungen haben auch die
Wirksamkeit unserer Lösungen bewiesen und von sechzig Prozent bis zu zehnmal
besseren Ergebnissen als in der Standard Cloud gefĂĽhrt
Methods and design issues for next generation network-aware applications
Networks are becoming an essential component of modern cyberinfrastructure and this work describes methods of designing distributed applications for high-speed networks to improve application scalability, performance and capabilities. As the amount of data generated by scientific applications continues to grow, to be able to handle and process it, applications should be designed to use parallel, distributed resources and high-speed networks. For scalable application design developers should move away from the current component-based approach and implement instead an integrated, non-layered architecture where applications can use specialized low-level interfaces. The main focus of this research is on interactive, collaborative visualization of large datasets. This work describes how a visualization application can be improved through using distributed resources and high-speed network links to interactively visualize tens of gigabytes of data and handle terabyte datasets while maintaining high quality. The application supports interactive frame rates, high resolution, collaborative visualization and sustains remote I/O bandwidths of several Gbps (up to 30 times faster than local I/O). Motivated by the distributed visualization application, this work also researches remote data access systems. Because wide-area networks may have a high latency, the remote I/O system uses an architecture that effectively hides latency. Five remote data access architectures are analyzed and the results show that an architecture that combines bulk and pipeline processing is the best solution for high-throughput remote data access. The resulting system, also supporting high-speed transport protocols and configurable remote operations, is up to 400 times faster than a comparable existing remote data access system. Transport protocols are compared to understand which protocol can best utilize high-speed network connections, concluding that a rate-based protocol is the best solution, being 8 times faster than standard TCP. An HD-based remote teaching application experiment is conducted, illustrating the potential of network-aware applications in a production environment. Future research areas are presented, with emphasis on network-aware optimization, execution and deployment scenarios
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