194 research outputs found
Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion. Collected Works, Volume 5
This fifth volume on Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion collects theoretical and applied contributions of researchers working in different fields of applications and in mathematics, and is available in open-access. The collected contributions of this volume have either been published or presented after disseminating the fourth volume in 2015 in international conferences, seminars, workshops and journals, or they are new. The contributions of each part of this volume are chronologically ordered.
First Part of this book presents some theoretical advances on DSmT, dealing mainly with modified Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules (PCR) of combination with degree of intersection, coarsening techniques, interval calculus for PCR thanks to set inversion via interval analysis (SIVIA), rough set classifiers, canonical decomposition of dichotomous belief functions, fast PCR fusion, fast inter-criteria analysis with PCR, and improved PCR5 and PCR6 rules preserving the (quasi-)neutrality of (quasi-)vacuous belief assignment in the fusion of sources of evidence with their Matlab codes.
Because more applications of DSmT have emerged in the past years since the apparition of the fourth book of DSmT in 2015, the second part of this volume is about selected applications of DSmT mainly in building change detection, object recognition, quality of data association in tracking, perception in robotics, risk assessment for torrent protection and multi-criteria decision-making, multi-modal image fusion, coarsening techniques, recommender system, levee characterization and assessment, human heading perception, trust assessment, robotics, biometrics, failure detection, GPS systems, inter-criteria analysis, group decision, human activity recognition, storm prediction, data association for autonomous vehicles, identification of maritime vessels, fusion of support vector machines (SVM), Silx-Furtif RUST code library for information fusion including PCR rules, and network for ship classification.
Finally, the third part presents interesting contributions related to belief functions in general published or presented along the years since 2015. These contributions are related with decision-making under uncertainty, belief approximations, probability transformations, new distances between belief functions, non-classical multi-criteria decision-making problems with belief functions, generalization of Bayes theorem, image processing, data association, entropy and cross-entropy measures, fuzzy evidence numbers, negator of belief mass, human activity recognition, information fusion for breast cancer therapy, imbalanced data classification, and hybrid techniques mixing deep learning with belief functions as well
Data ethics : building trust : how digital technologies can serve humanity
Data is the magic word of the 21st century. As oil in the 20th century and electricity in the 19th century:
For citizens, data means support in daily life in almost all activities, from watch to laptop, from kitchen to car,
from mobile phone to politics. For business and politics, data means power, dominance, winning the race. Data can be used for good and bad,
for services and hacking, for medicine and arms race. How can we build trust in this complex and ambiguous data world?
How can digital technologies serve humanity? The 45 articles in this book represent a broad range of ethical reflections and recommendations
in eight sections: a) Values, Trust and Law, b) AI, Robots and Humans, c) Health and Neuroscience, d) Religions for Digital Justice, e) Farming, Business, Finance, f) Security, War, Peace, g) Data Governance, Geopolitics, h) Media, Education, Communication.
The authors and institutions come from all continents.
The book serves as reading material for teachers, students, policy makers, politicians, business, hospitals, NGOs and religious organisations alike. It is an invitation for dialogue, debate and building trust!
The book is a continuation of the volume “Cyber Ethics 4.0” published in 2018 by the same editors
Intelligence Oversight In Times of Transnational Impunity: Who Will Watch the Watchers?
This book adopts a critical lens to look at the workings of Western intelligence and intelligence oversight over time and space. Largely confined to the sub-field of intelligence studies, scholarly engagements with intelligence oversight have typically downplayed the violence carried out by secretive agencies. These studies have often served to justify weak oversight structures and promoted only marginal adaptations of policy frameworks in the wake of intelligence scandals. The essays gathered in this volume challenge the prevailing doxa in the academic field, adopting a critical lens to look at the workings of intelligence oversight in Europe and North America. Through chapters spanning across multiple disciplines–political sociology, history, and law–the book aims to recast intelligence oversight as acting in symbiosis with the legitimisation of the state’s secret violence and the enactment of impunity, showing how intelligence actors practically navigate the legal and political constraints created by oversight frameworks and practices, for instance by developing transnational networks of interdependence. The book also explores inventive legal steps and human rights mechanisms aimed at bridging some of the most serious gaps in existing frameworks, drawing inspiration from recent policy developments in the international struggle against torture. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, sociology, security studies, and international relations
General Course Catalog [2022/23 academic year]
General Course Catalog, 2022/23 academic yearhttps://repository.stcloudstate.edu/undergencat/1134/thumbnail.jp
A predictive model for the acceptance of wearable ubiquitous activity monitoring devices
Acceptance of wearable ubiquitous activity monitoring devices that track activity has been a
hot topic for the last decade. Several theories have been made, particularly how to think about
the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). These theories have been used in different
situations to learn more about how people and organizations accept new technology. Even
though the TAM is mature and works in different situations, there is not much published
research that tries to expand its ability to predict how people will react to wearable ubiquitous
activity monitoring devices. One reason for this gap could be that the TAM is based on the
idea that people's acceptance behavior can only be predicted by two beliefs: Perceived Ease
of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). Literature shows that PU and PEOU beliefs
are not enough. This means that they may not be able to explain why people accept new
things, like Activity Trackers (AT). Because of this, it is important to include any other
factors that can help predict how likely people are to use activity trackers.
As an extension of research on the TAM, this study created and tested two models of how
people accept and use wearable ubiquitous activity monitoring devices, with two
questionnaires with more than 200 respondents that shield light on the subject. The proposed
models added key concepts from the research stream on how people accept information
systems to the theoretical framework of the TAM and Health Information Technology
Acceptance Model (HITAM). The resulting models were analyzed using a variety of
statistical techniques including Structural Equation Analysis. The first model was reanalyzed via qualitative analysis with 20 interviews, and reanalyzed via another quantitative method of
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).
The most significant contributions of this dissertation are:
1. The construction of two models that predict activity tracking adoption and usage.
2. Guidelines for designing activity trackers.
These contributions can help promote activity trackers as an essential piece of equipment that
helps monitor progress during workouts as well as other times, such as when the user is at
rest or sleeping. We will see that by being continually reminded to walk about and avoid
sitting for extended periods of time or doing nothing at all, this helps a person build healthy
behaviors. Additionally, activity trackers should be designed to maintain a person's
motivation to finish the daily activity routine, which is necessary for people to accomplish
their health and fitness objectives. This thesis contributes with two quantitative models for
the acceptance and use of activity trackers, and creates recommendations for different types
of users.A aceitação de dispositivos ubíquos vestíveis de monitorização de atividade que rastreiam a
atividade tem sido um tema cálido na última década. Várias teorias foram concebidas,
principalmente como pensar o Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia (TAM). Essas teorias têm
sido usadas em diferentes situações para aprender mais sobre como as pessoas e as
organizações aceitam novas tecnologias. Conquanto o TAM seja maturo e funcione em
diferentes situações, não há muitas investigações publicadas que tentem expandir a sua
capacidade de prever como as pessoas reagirão a dispositivos ubíquos vestíveis de
monitoramento de atividade. Uma razão para essa lacuna pode ser porque o TAM é baseado
na ideia de que o comportamento de aceitação das pessoas só pode ser previsto por duas
asseverações: Facilidade de Uso Percebida (PEOU) e Utilidade Percebida (PU). A literatura
mostra que as asseverações nas PU e PEOU não são suficientes. Isso significa que essas duas
asseverações podem não ser capazes de explicar o porquê de as pessoas aceitarem coisas
novas, como monitores de atividade (AT). Por isso, é importante incluir quaisquer outros
fatores que possam ajudar a prever a probabilidade de as pessoas usarem monitorizadores de
atividade.
Como extensão da pesquisa sobre o TAM, esta investigação criou e testou dois modelos de
como as pessoas aceitam e usam dispositivos ubíquos vestíveis de monitorização de
atividade, com dois questionários com mais de 200 repostas cada, que clarificam o assunto.
Os modelos propostos agregaram conceitos-chave da pesquisa sobre como as pessoas aceitam
os sistemas de informação ao referencial teórico do TAM e do Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia da Informação em Saúde (HITAM). Os modelos resultantes foram analisados
usando uma variedade de técnicas estatísticas, incluindo Modelação de Equações Estruturais.
O primeiro modelo foi reanalisado por meio de uma análise qualitativa com 20 entrevistas, e
de novo reanalisado por meio de outro método quantitativo com Redes Neurais Artificiais
(RNA). A construção de dois modelos que predizem a adoção e uso do monitorização da
atividade é a contribuição mais significativa que pode ser retirada deste trabalho, juntamente
com as diretrizes para o design de monitorizadores de atividade.
Essas contribuições podem ajudar a promover os monitorizadores de atividade como um
equipamento essencial que ajuda a monitorizar a evolução durante os treinos e em outros
momentos, como quando o utilizador está em repouso ou dormindo. Ao ser continuamente
lembrado para andar e evitar ficar sentado por longos períodos de tempo ou não fazer nada,
isso ajuda o utilizador a construir comportamentos saudáveis. Além disso, os monitorizadores
de atividade devem ser projetados para manter a motivação de uma pessoa em concluir a
rotina diária de atividades, o que é necessário para que as pessoas atinjam seus objetivos de
saúde e condição física. Esta tese contribui com modelos quantitativos para a aceitação e uso
de monitorizadores de atividades e cria recomendações para diferentes tipos de utilizadores
AI as a Material for Design
From Netflix recommendations to Amazon Echos sitting proudly on kitchen countertops, artificial intelligence (AI) has been inserted into the mundane settings of our everyday lives. These ‘smart’ devices and services have given rise to the collection of data and processing within everyday objects, accumulating new challenges, particularly in legibility, agency, and negotiability of interactions. The emerging field of Human Data Interaction (HDI) recognises that these challenges go on to influence security, privacy, and accessibility protocols, while also encompassing socio-technical implications. Furthermore, these objects challenge designers’ traditional conventions of neutral interactions, which only work as instructed. However, these smart objects go beyond typical human-object relationships functioning in new and unexpected ways, creeping in function, and existing within independent and interdependent assemblages of human and non-human actants—demanding alternative considerations and design practice. This thesis aims to question the traditional practice of considering and designing for AI technology by arguing for a post-anthropocentric perspective of things with agency, by adopting the philosophical approach of Object Orientated Ontology with design research. This research ultimately presents and builds (a currently) unorthodox design approach of Human-AI Kinship that contests the design orthodoxies of human-centred design. Conclusively, this research seeks to bring into being AI as a material for design and justify through the case study of AI legibility. A More than Human Centered Design approach is established through a transdisciplinary and iterative Research through Design methodology, resulting in the design of AI iconography that attempts to communicate and signify AI’s ontology to human users. This thesis is concluded by testing the legibility of the icons themselves and discussing philosophy as an asset for design research
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Examining university student satisfaction and barriers to taking online remote exams
Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of online exams at universities, due to the greater convenience and flexibility they offer both students and institutions. Driven by the dearth of empirical data on distance learning students' satisfaction levels and the difficulties they face when taking online exams, a survey with 562 students at The Open University (UK) was conducted to gain insights into their experiences with this type of exam. Satisfaction was reported with the environment and exams, while work commitments and technical difficulties presented the greatest barriers. Gender, race and disability were also associated with different levels of satisfaction and barriers. This study adds to the increasing number of studies into online exams, demonstrating how this type of exam can still have a substantial effect on students experienced in online learning systems and
technologies
HEALING COMMUNITIES. What if we collectively had the capacity to overcome any crisis in a matter of days? A method for teams of teams to: listen to each other, agree on priorities, put in commons resources, create few but essential and freely adaptable solutions.
Ever since I was young, I have sought to find how to contribute meaningfully to the community, while being fully myself. Called to different interests than my peers, I began to explore the mysteries of group dynamics. Many cycles of study and practice led me to an awareness: suffering, misery (physical and spiritual), violence, are often generated by stories we learn as children, and pass on through generations.
I became convinced that, within months, we could ensure that all people could live decently and in harmony, if we dared to listen – literally and symbolically – to our Heart, to the Other’s. We would commit ourselves to a path that celebrates our Humanity, connects us to Nature within and beyond, and nourishes our Souls.
Indeed, tackling complex, wicked challenges requires abandoning the logic of a machine-body, the illusion of technical solutions built without personal commitment, so that we can raise our collective, human consciousness. This means providing ways for the whole population to listen to their different realities, and to quickly reach a popular consensus on how to overcome these challenges in ways that strengthen solidarity.
According to the creator of Captcha tests, a million people could translate Wikipedia into a new language in 80 hours. Let us imagine what such a group could achieve if they had the capacity to sincerely agree on essential common projects, and implement them in a matter of days – free/libre and open source knowledge and infrastructures that could easily be adopted, reproduced and enriched across territories?
This five-part thesis documents six years of intense creation and research that enabled me to design how such a process could unfold.
* * *
First, I present my journey to the PhD, and how my research took shape through cycles of prototyping. I introduce the idea of the commons, which is to understand that people – not corporations or the state – have all the resources needed to overcome the challenges we face. This builds on the oeuvre of Elinor Ostrom, who showed that ordinary people can self-organise efficiently to preserve resources, and Stefano Rodotà, who pledged that any resource that meets basic needs must be managed in a participatory way, regardless of who owns it.
Secondly, I talk about Breathing Games, a commons I co-founded to make respiratory health fun. I show how this initiative, which initially objectified the children concerned – by thinking their health in their place –, then opened up a space for young people to share their subjective experience in a playful way that was beneficial to their comrades. I share how an ethic and aesthetic of commoning enabled us to engage over 450 volunteers, and mutualise resources from Canada, Switzerland, France, Italy, and South Korea.
Thirdly, I propose four levers to build solidarity-driven ecosystems. We need to:
— bring diverse people together for ludic events to overcome loneliness. For example, the online hackathons that mobilised 150,000 people at the start of the crown-crisis.
— generate collective value to overcome material limitations. For example, the autonomous networks of makers, who shared designs and manufactured over 48 million medical supplies while industry was at a standstill.
— facilitate agreements across teams of teams to overcome power games. For example, the Emerging Change, developed in Quebec schools and a Swiss multinational, enables teams to thrive and excel by establishing a ritual dialogue between the whole team and its leader, thus avoiding competition between individuals.
— revisit collective narratives to break free from self-servitude. For example, challenging the belief that an authority – parent, teacher, employer, politician, caregiver – can take care of our needs better than we can.
Fourthly, I present the Geneva festival ’taking care together’, a nine-day event created in 122 days thanks to 115 co-hosts. I quantify the collective value created by the Breathing Games and the festival at 2.2 million Swiss francs, 4/5 of which was generated by volunteer contributions.
Next, I provide a step-by-step facilitation method that could help thousands of people coordinate their efforts around a limited number of modular projects. I then outline how this model could re-create education, eradicate systemic corruption, resurrect democracy, and heal our dis-ease when we over-invest in the mind.
Finally, I summarise what I have learnt, and list about 600 references that inspired me. This creation-as-research can be freely reproduced and enriched (Creative Commons BY-SA licence, editable LaTeX format).
Concordia Salus
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