Design of optical burst switches based on dual shuffle-exchange network and deflection routing.

Choy Man Ting.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Acknowledgments --- p.iiAbstract --- p.vTable of Contents --- p.viiList of figures --- p.viiiChapter Chapter 1 --- p.12Chapter 1.1 --- OBS Network Architecture --- p.3Chapter 1.2 --- Offset Time and Reservation Schemes --- p.5Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.7Chapter 1.4 --- Overview --- p.8Chapter Chapter 2 --- p.9Chapter 2.1 --- WDM crossbar architectures --- p.9Chapter 2.2 --- Switch Based on Optical Crossbars --- p.10Chapter 2.3 --- Switch Based on Wavelength Grating Routers --- p.11Chapter Chapter 3 --- p.14Chapter 3.1 --- Basics of Dual Shuffle Exchange Network --- p.14Chapter 3.2 --- Dual Shuffle-exchange Network --- p.16Chapter 3.3 --- Proposed Architecture based on DSN --- p.19Chapter 3.4 --- Analysis on blocking due to output contention --- p.20Chapter 3.5 --- Implementation issues on the 4x4 switching module --- p.23Chapter 3.6 --- Analysis: Non-blocking versus banyan --- p.25Chapter Chapter 4 --- p.30Chapter 4.1 --- First Scheme --- p.30Chapter 4.2 --- Simulation on the first scheme --- p.33Chapter 4.3 --- Second Scheme: Tunable wavelength converter --- p.37Chapter 4.4 --- Third Scheme: Route to specific wavelength port --- p.42Chapter 4.5 --- Analysis on blocking due to insufficient stages --- p.46Chapter Chapter 5 --- p.49Chapter 5.1 --- Delay analysis of DSN --- p.49Chapter 5.2 --- Vertical Expansion --- p.51Chapter 5.3 --- Simulation results on vertical expansion --- p.52Chapter 5.4 --- Building DSN with 8x8 MEMS switches --- p.54Chapter 5.5 --- Prove of the proposed Quarter shuffle network --- p.56Chapter 5.6 --- Comparison between Quarter shuffle and doubled links approaches --- p.58Chapter Chapter 6 --- p.64Conclusion --- p.64Bibliography --- p.6

Scalable design of optical burst switch based on deflection routing.

Deng Yun.Thesis submitted in: July 2003.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-56).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Acknowledgments --- p.ii摘要 --- p.iiiAbstract --- p.vChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Optical Switching --- p.1Chapter 1.1.1 --- Optical Circuit Switching --- p.2Chapter 1.1.2 --- Optical Packet Switching --- p.3Chapter 1.1.3 --- Optical Burst Switching --- p.4Chapter 1.2 --- Design of Optical Burst Switching Node --- p.8Chapter 1.2.1 --- Burst Switched Network Architecture --- p.8Chapter 1.2.2 --- Design of Optical Burst Switching Node --- p.10Chapter 1.2.3 --- Scalable Architecture With Multi-plane Fabric --- p.12Chapter 1.3 --- Organization --- p.13Chapter Chapter 2 --- Proposed OBS Node and Blocking probability due to Output Contention --- p.14Chapter 2.1 --- OBS Node Architecture --- p.14Chapter 2.2 --- Burst Traffic Model --- p.16Chapter 2.3 --- Blocking Probability due to Output Contention --- p.17Chapter 2.4 --- Poisson Approximation of Burst Traffic --- p.19Chapter 2.5 --- Simulation Results --- p.21Chapter Chapter 3 --- Deflection Routed Switch Based on Shuffle-exchange network and Burst Loss Rate due to Insufficient Number of Stages --- p.22Chapter 3.1 --- Architecture of Shuffle-exchange Network --- p.22Chapter 3.2 --- The traffic loading entering into the second stage --- p.23Chapter 3.3 --- The Deflection Probability in a 2x2 Switching Module of SN --- p.26Chapter 3.4 --- Analysis of Burst Loss Rate due to Insufficient Number of Stages in SN --- p.27Chapter 3.5 --- Total Burst Loss Probability --- p.30Chapter 3.6 --- Multi-plane Architecture --- p.32Chapter 3.6.1 --- Relationship between k and loading of SN --- p.33Chapter 3.6.2 --- Relationship between k and n: Log2(Number of input-output ports) --- p.36Chapter 3.6.3 --- The result of appropriate number of planes k --- p.38Chapter Chapter 4 --- Switch Based on Dual Shuffle-exchange network and Comparison with Shuffle-exchange network --- p.40Chapter 4.1 --- Architecture of Dual Shuffle-exchange Network --- p.40Chapter 4.2 --- The deflection Probability in a 4x4 Switching Module of DSN --- p.41Chapter 4.3 --- Burst Loss Rate due to Insufficient Number of Stages of DSN --- p.43Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of SN and DSN --- p.45Chapter 4.4.1 --- Comparison with different n --- p.47Chapter 4.4.2 --- Comparison with different loading --- p.48Chapter 4.4.3 --- The result of comparison --- p.49Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.50Chapter 5.1 --- The Burst Loss Probability of Proposed OBS Based on SN --- p.51Chapter 5.2 --- The multi-plane Fabric with appropriate number of planes k --- p.51Chapter 5.3 --- Performance of OBS Design Based on DSN and Comparison of SN and DSN --- p.52Bibliography --- p.5

Design of Routers for Optical Burst Switched Networks

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is an experimental network technology that enables the construction of very high capacity routers using optical data paths and electronic control. In this dissertation, we study the design of network components that are needed to build an OBS network. Specifically, we study the design of the switches that form the optical data path through the network. An OBS network that switches data across wavelength channels requires wave-length converting switches to construct an OBS router. We study one particular design of wavelength converting switches that uses tunable lasers and wavelength grating routers. This design is interesting because wavelength grating routers are passive devices and are much less complex and hence less expensive than optical crossbars. We show how the routing problem for these switches can be formulated as a combinatorial puzzle or game, in which the design of the game board determines key performance characteristics of the switch. In this disertation, we use this formu-lation to facilitate the design of switches and associated routing strategies with good performance. We then introduce time sliced optical burst switching (TSOBS), a variant of OBS that switches data in the time domain rather that the wavelength domain. This eliminates the need for wavelength converters, the largest single cost component of systems that switch in the wavelength domain. We study the performance of TSOBS networks and discuss various design issues. One of the main components that is needed to build a TSOBS router is an optical time slot interchanger (OTSI). We explore various design options for OTSIs. Finally, we discuss the issues involved in the design of network interfaces that transmit the data from hosts that use legacy protocols into a TSOBS network. Ag-gregation and load balancing are the main issues that determine the performance of a TSOBS network and we develop and evaluate methods for both

Optics and virtualization as data center network infrastructure

The emerging cloud services have motivated a fresh look at the design of data center network infrastructure in multiple layers. To transfer the huge amount of data generated by many data intensive applications, data center network has to be fast, scalable and power efficient. To support flexible and efficient sharing in cloud services, service providers deploy a virtualization layer as part of the data center infrastructure. This thesis explores the design and performance analysis of data center network infrastructure in both physical network and virtualization layer. On the physical network design front, we present a hybrid packet/circuit switched network architecture which uses circuit switched optics to augment traditional packet-switched Ethernet in modern data centers. We show that this technique has substantial potential to improve bisection bandwidth and application performance in a cost-effective manner. To push the adoption of optical circuits in real cloud data centers, we further explore and address the circuit control issues in shared data center environments. On the virtualization layer, we present an analytical study on the network performance of virtualized data centers. Using Amazon EC2 as an experiment platform, we quantify the impact of virtualization on network performance in commercial cloud. Our findings provide valuable insights to both cloud users in moving legacy application into cloud and service providers in improving the virtualization infrastructure to support better cloud services

Advances in Optical Amplifiers

Optical amplifiers play a central role in all categories of fibre communications systems and networks. By compensating for the losses exerted by the transmission medium and the components through which the signals pass, they reduce the need for expensive and slow optical-electrical-optical conversion. The photonic gain media, which are normally based on glass- or semiconductor-based waveguides, can amplify many high speed wavelength division multiplexed channels simultaneously. Recent research has also concentrated on wavelength conversion, switching, demultiplexing in the time domain and other enhanced functions. Advances in Optical Amplifiers presents up to date results on amplifier performance, along with explanations of their relevance, from leading researchers in the field. Its chapters cover amplifiers based on rare earth doped fibres and waveguides, stimulated Raman scattering, nonlinear parametric processes and semiconductor media. Wavelength conversion and other enhanced signal processing functions are also considered in depth. This book is targeted at research, development and design engineers from teams in manufacturing industry, academia and telecommunications service operators

Application of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Atm) technology to Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (Pacs): A survey

Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (R-ISDN) provides a range of narrowband and broad-band services for voice, video, and multimedia. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has been selected by the standards bodies as the transfer mode for implementing B-ISDN; The ability to digitize images has lead to the prospect of reducing the physical space requirements, material costs, and manual labor of traditional film handling tasks in hospitals. The system which handles the acquisition, storage, and transmission of medical images is called a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). The transmission system will directly impact the speed of image transfer. Today the most common transmission means used by acquisition and display station products is Ethernet. However, when considering network media, it is important to consider what the long term needs will be. Although ATM is a new standard, it is showing signs of becoming the next logical step to meet the needs of high speed networks; This thesis is a survey on ATM, and PACS. All the concepts involved in developing a PACS are presented in an orderly manner. It presents the recent developments in ATM, its applicability to PACS and the issues to be resolved for realising an ATM-based complete PACS. This work will be useful in providing the latest information, for any future research on ATM-based networks, and PACS