Auditing Marketing and the Use of Social Media at Ski Resorts

Mountain and snow tourism are sectors of immense social and economic importance that are developed in an especially sensitive environmental context. A large part of this tourism is channeled through ski resorts. The literature on comparative studies of ski-resort management and, in particular, on marketing management, is limited. This study contributes knowledge on the application of marketing practiced at ski resorts. For the first time, an audit of marketing at ski resorts is performed through a quantitative survey at resorts in two countries (Spain and Italy). The importance–performance analysis (IPA) is used, which identifies both the strong and the weak points and the great deficits of marketing management at ski resorts from the perspective of their directors, to whom the questionnaire was addressed. The social media usage of the ski-stations is also analyzed, identifying different typologies of resorts in accordance with their performance against 11 indicators from Twitter and 15 from Facebook. Knowing the opinion of the visitors, the online and competitive strategy, and adapting to the legislative changes are the aspects to which the directors attach greater importance. The greatest deficits were linked to employee motivation and communication (internal and non-integrated). There are minor differences in Twitter and Facebook indicators between Spanish and Italian ski resorts. The turnover results of the ski resorts present more correlation with Facebook indicators than with Twitter ones. This analysis provides recommendations and implications for the management of ski resorts in the six dimensions of marketing under consideration. It, likewise, offers knowledge of the social-media-related behavior of resorts that are leaders on both Twitter and Facebook, for benchmarking purposes

Marketing for Sustainable Tourism

The aim of the Special Issue is to discuss the main current topics concerning marketing for sustainable tourism with reference to territories (i.e., tourism destinations, protected areas, parks and/or natural sites, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, rural regions/areas, etc.) and tourism enterprises and/or organisations (i.e., destination management organisations, hospitality enterprises, restaurant enterprises, cableway companies, travel agencies, etc.). In destinations where natural resources are pull factors for tourism development, the relationships among local actors (public, private, and local community), as well as marketing choices, are essential to develop sustainable tourism products. To this end, the Special Issue encourages papers that analyse marketing strategies adopted by tourism destinations and/or tourism enterprises to avoid overtourism, to manage mass sustainable tourism (as defined by Weaver, 2000), and to encourage and promote sustainable tourism in marginal areas or in territories suffering lack of integration in the tourism offer. Special attention will be given to contributions on the best practices to manage territories and/or enterprises adopting sustainable marketing strategies

A Mentorship Model for Nursing Faculty in a Hospital-Based Associate Degree Nursing Program

There is a nursing faculty shortage that affects enrollment in nursing schools and direct patient care. Although adjunct, dual-role, and clinical nurses transitioning to the nursing faculty role are being utilized to help with the nursing faculty shortage, clinical nurses may not necessarily be skilled as classroom teachers. Mentoring can be an effective vehicle used to increase the competency of qualified nursing faculty. The purpose of this transcendental, phenomenological, qualitative study was twofold: to examine best mentoring practices and to create a structured model for hospital-based associate degree nursing programs. To investigate best practices surrounding mentoring, the researcher used purposive sampling to identify participants consisting of administrators and faculty as well as archival data in hospital-based associate degree nursing schools. Four research questions were examined using semi-structured interviews. As a result of the findings, a mentoring model was created. This mentoring model incorporates the human capital variables of knowledge, experience, skill, and leadership for the development of nursing faculty mentors as pivotal strategic points for novice faculty. Additionally, the model includes: individualized orientation, classroom management recommendations, assessment/evaluation template, and support patterns for novice faculty. This model could serve as an intervention in the development of an effective nurse educators’ program, thereby increasing student enrollment and as a result, increasing nurse-delivered patient care

Eye quietness and quiet eye in expert and novice golf performance: an electrooculographic analysis

Quiet eye (QE) is the final ocular fixation on the target of an action (e.g., the ball in golf putting). Camerabased eye-tracking studies have consistently found longer QE durations in experts than novices; however, mechanisms underlying QE are not known. To offer a new perspective we examined the feasibility of measuring the QE using electrooculography (EOG) and developed an index to assess ocular activity across time: eye quietness (EQ). Ten expert and ten novice golfers putted 60 balls to a 2.4 m distant hole. Horizontal EOG (2ms resolution) was recorded from two electrodes placed on the outer sides of the eyes. QE duration was measured using a EOG voltage threshold and comprised the sum of the pre-movement and post-movement initiation components. EQ was computed as the standard deviation of the EOG in 0.5 s bins from –4 to +2 s, relative to backswing initiation: lower values indicate less movement of the eyes, hence greater quietness. Finally, we measured club-ball address and swing durations. T-tests showed that total QE did not differ between groups (p = .31); however, experts had marginally shorter pre-movement QE (p = .08) and longer post-movement QE (p < .001) than novices. A group × time ANOVA revealed that experts had less EQ before backswing initiation and greater EQ after backswing initiation (p = .002). QE durations were inversely correlated with EQ from –1.5 to 1 s (rs = –.48 - –.90, ps = .03 - .001). Experts had longer swing durations than novices (p = .01) and, importantly, swing durations correlated positively with post-movement QE (r = .52, p = .02) and negatively with EQ from 0.5 to 1s (r = –.63, p = .003). This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring ocular activity using EOG and validates EQ as an index of ocular activity. Its findings challenge the dominant perspective on QE and provide new evidence that expert-novice differences in ocular activity may reflect differences in the kinematics of how experts and novices execute skills

Relationships among patient market cognition, hospital dynamic and service capabilities, patient satisfaction, and hospital competitive advantages

The market environment in which aesthetic hospitals operate is intensely competitive, with patients frequently switching service providers. Understanding factors that affect patient satisfaction and perceived hospital competitive advantage is crucial. Based on the resource based view of the firm, this study proposes and tests a research model about how market cognition of patients affects patient satisfaction and perceived hospital competitive advantage through patient perceived dynamic and service capabilities of the hospitals. Market cognition is composed of patient knowledge, information, and choice intentions. Dynamic capabilities as perceived by the patients are composed of integration, agility, and innovation capabilities. Service capabilities as perceived by the patients are composed of facility excellence, convenience, clinical ability, responsiveness, and doctor patient communication. Patient satisfaction is defined based on patient satisfaction regarding time, price, and clinical outcome. Competitive advantage as perceived by the patients is composed of value congruence, rareness, and inimitability. A survey instrument was developed based on literature review, interviews, and pilot tests. A sample of 891 patients was collected from two aesthetic hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Structural equation modelling softwar e, SmartPLS, was used to test the research model and hypotheses. The empirical results support the research model and hypotheses. More specifically, patient market cognition affects the dynamic capabilities and service capabilities of hospitals which, in t urn, affect patient satisfaction and perceived hospital competitive advantage. This study contributes to the practical and theoretical knowledge base regarding how aesthetic hospitals can enhance patient satisfaction and competitive advantage through improving patient market cognition, patient perceived dynamic and service capabilities.O ambiente de mercado em que os hospitais estéticos operam é intensamente competitivo, com pacientes frequentemente trocando fornecedores de serviços. Compreender fatores que afetam a satisfação do paciente e a vantagem competitiva percebida no hospital é crucial. Com base na visão baseada nos recursos da empresa, este estudo propõe e testa um modelo de pesquisa sobre como a cognição de mercado dos pacientes afeta a satisfação dos pacientes e a percepção da vantagem competitiva do hospital através da dinâmica de percepção dos pacientes e capacidades de serviço dos hospitais. A cognição de mercado é composta de conhecimento do paciente, informação e intenções de escolha. As capacidades dinâmicas percebidas pelos pacientes são compostas de capacidades de integração, agilidade e inovação. As capacidades de serviço, tal como percebidas pelos doentes, são compostas por excelência de facilidade, conveniência, capacidade clínica, capacidade de resposta e comunicação médico paciente. A satisfação do paciente é definida com base na satisfação do paciente em relação ao tempo, preço e resultados clínicos. A vantagem competitiva, tal como percepcionada pelos doentes, é composta por congruência de valor, raridade e inimizade. Um instrumento de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com base na revisão da literatura, entrevistas e testes piloto. Uma amostra de pacientes 891 foi coletada de dois hospitais estéticos em Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Software de modelagem de equações estruturais, SmartPLS, foi usado para testar o modelo de pesquisa e hipóteses. Os resultados empíricos apoiam o modelo e hipóteses de investigação. Mais especificamente, a cognição do mercado dos doentes afecta as capacidades dinâmicas e as capacidades de serviço dos hospitais que, por sua vez, afectam a satisfação dos doentes e a percepção da vantagem competitiva do hospital. Este estudo contribui para a base de conhecimento prático e teórico sobre como os hospitais estéticos podem aumentar a satisfação dos pacientes e a vantagem competitiva através da melhoria da cognição do mercado dos pacientes, das capacidades dinâmicas e de serviço percebidas pelo paciente

Sustainable Value Co-Creation in Welfare Service Ecosystems : Transforming temporary collaboration projects into permanent resource integration

The aim of this paper is to discuss the unexploited forces of user-orientation and shared responsibility to promote sustainable value co-creation during service innovation projects in welfare service ecosystems. The framework is based on the theoretical field of public service logic (PSL) and our thesis is that service innovation seriously requires a user-oriented approach, and that such an approach enables resource integration based on the service-user’s needs and lifeworld. In our findings, we identify prerequisites and opportunities of collaborative service innovation projects in order to transform these projects into sustainable resource integration once they have ended

A Comparative Study of Performance Management Practice in the Republic of Ireland, as Influenced by it\u27s Expansion from the Private Sector to its Public Equivalent.

This is a study of performance management (PM) that examines its comparative practice in the Republic of Ireland, as influenced by its expansion from the private sector to the public equivalent. The research objectives of this study are to establish the level of incidence of PM practice in both sectors, to consider how PM is practised, including the mechanisms employed, to determine the objectives of the PM processes for these organisations and to ascertain the comparative perceived impact and effectiveness of PM. It was established that there was a gap of nine years since the last quantitative analysis of the subject matter in Ireland had been conducted. A random sample based on five strata was deployed for the purpose of the primary research. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed nationwide in 2007/08 to 499 organisations, yielding a 41% (n=204) useable response rate. The findings confirm a high level of PM practice in Ireland, particularly in the public sector. Probably the most significant discovery, however, is that the vast majority of respondents believe PM to be effective. Nevertheless, its level of effectiveness is deemed significantly higher in private sector. The top three objectives of performance management systems (PMS) across both sectors are to agree key objectives, improve future performance and provide feedback on current or past performance. The survey evidence also reveals the main inhibitors of PM to be the perceived lack of follow up and support by management to agreed PM outcomes, failure to review or monitor the system and the presence of too much paperwork. Both sectors are in accord regarding the key goal of their system, which is to agreeing key objectives with staff. Hence, it was also established that ‘objective setting’ was the most popular and effective mechanism or scheme type of appraisal used. Of the features of PM, performance-related pay (PRP) is growing in the private sector, and, it is considered by researcher that this study offers for the first time, empirical evidence of its presence in the public sector. This research has successfully filled the research gap of nine years on PM practice in Ireland in both the private and public sector. It demonstrates to the reader the advances made by both sectors in this regard over the past 50 years. The research has been limited by an absence of analysis of PM vis à vis a number of areas such as the management of change, high performance work systems, employee engagement, the separation of performance review from the pay review and how to manage the underperformer. However, it does reveal the opportunity for further study, e.g. a qualitative analysis of the topic focusing on the opinion of the employee and line manager and their perception of PM

2nd ACCESS 2020

2nd ACCESS 202

Contemporary Research on Management and Business

This book contains 74 selected papers presented at the 5th International Seminar of Contemporary Research on Business and Management (ISCRBM 2021), which was organized by the Alliance of Indonesian Master of Management Program (APMMI) and held in Jakarta, Indonesia on 18 December 2021. This online conference was hosted by the Master of Management Program of Indonesia University. This year, ISCRBM focused on research related to driving sustainable business through innovation. Business has had to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, so a new approach towards managing business to survive competition is indispensable. Innovation is the key for all organizations in surviving in the new normal and beyond. The Seminar aimed to provide a forum for leading scholars, academics, researchers, and practitioners in the business and management area to reflect on the issues, challenges and opportunities, and to share the latest innovative research and best practices. This seminar brought together participants to exchange ideas on the future development of management disciplines: human resource, marketing, operation, finance, strategic management and entrepreneurship