Sequences for inter node B synchronization in WCDMA TDD mode

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Power control for WCDMA

This project tries to introduce itself in the physical implementations that make possible the denominated third generation mobile technology. As well as to know the technology kind that makes possible, for example, a video-call in real time. During this project, the different phases passed from the election of WCDMA like the access method for UMTS will appear. Its coexistence with previous network GSM will be analyzed, where the compatibility between systems has been one of the most important aspects in the development of WCDMA, the involved standardization organisms in the process, as well as the different protocols that make the mobile communications within a network UTRAN possible. Special emphasis during the study of the great contribution that has offered WCDMA with respect to the control of power of the existing signals will be made. The future lines that are considered in the present, and other comment that already are in their last phase of development in the field of the mobile technology. UMTS through WCDMA can be summarized like a revolution of the air interface accompanied by a revolution in the network of their architecture

Power control for WCDMA

This project tries to introduce itself in the physical implementations that make possible the denominated third generation mobile technology. As well as to know the technology kind that makes possible, for example, a video-call in real time. During this project, the different phases passed from the election of WCDMA like the access method for UMTS will appear. Its coexistence with previous network GSM will be analyzed, where the compatibility between systems has been one of the most important aspects in the development of WCDMA, the involved standardization organisms in the process, as well as the different protocols that make the mobile communications within a network UTRAN possible. Special emphasis during the study of the great contribution that has offered WCDMA with respect to the control of power of the existing signals will be made. The future lines that are considered in the present, and other comment that already are in their last phase of development in the field of the mobile technology. UMTS through WCDMA can be summarized like a revolution of the air interface accompanied by a revolution in the network of their architecture

A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals

Fourth generation (4G) communications will support many capabilities while providing universal, high speed access. One potential enabler for these capabilities is software defined radio (SDR). When controlled by cognitive radio (CR) principles, the required waveform diversity is achieved via a synergistic union called CR-based SDR. Research is rapidly progressing in SDR hardware and software venues, but current CR-based SDR research lacks the theoretical foundation and analytic framework to permit efficient implementation. This limitation is addressed here by introducing a general framework for analyzing, characterizing, and implementing spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals within CR-based SDR architectures. Given orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a 4G candidate signal, OFDM-based signals are collectively classified as SMSE since modulation and encoding are spectrally applied. The proposed framework provides analytic commonality and unification of SMSE signals. Applicability is first shown for candidate 4G signals, and resultant analytic expressions agree with published results. Implementability is then demonstrated in multiple coexistence scenarios via modeling and simulation to reinforce practical utility

Cell search algorithms for WCDMA systems

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system uses orthogonal channelization codes to distinguish physical channels in a base station, while base stations are identified by different downlink scrambling codes. User equipments (UEs) must achieve synchronization to the downlink scrambling code before decoding any messages from base stations. The process of searching for a base station and synchronization to the downlink scrambling code is often referred to as cell search. The performance of cell search has a significant impact on a UE's switch-on delay, and thus it is very important to UE design. The goal of designing a cell search algorithm is to achieve a balance between speed, accuracy and complexity. A basic three-stage cell search procedure has been defined by 3GPP. It employs synchronization channels and the common pilot channel to facilitate a fast cell search. This cell search scheme only works well if there is no frequency offset between a base station's transmitter and a UE's receiver and if sampling timing is perfect on a UE. In practice, however, imperfection of oscillator in a UE may cause a big frequency error as well as clock error. It usually results in phase rotations and sampling timing drifts, which may degrade cell search performance significantly. Some advanced cell search algorithms have been proposed for mitigating impacts of frequency error or clock error. However, there is no much discussion on comprehensive solutions that can deal with the two negative impacts at the same time. In this thesis, we propose an algorithm that considers both frequency error and clock error. A fast and accurate cell search with a relatively low level of complexity is achieved. The algorithms are based on a combination of four existing enhanced cell search algorithms that are designed for a toleration of either frequency error or clock error. We first introduce the 3GPP-defined cell search algorithm as a basis. Then the four existing enhanced algorithms, PSD (partial symbol de-spreading), DDCC (differential detection with coherent combining), STS-1 (serial test in stage-1) and RSPT (random sampling per trial) are presented. Next, we propose four possible combinations of the existing algorithms: PSD+STS-1, PSD+RSPT, DDCC+STS-1 and DDCC+RSPT. Through extensive computer simulations, we find the DDCC+RSPT algorithm to be the best one. It is superior to other combinations and also outperforms any existing algorithm in terms of acquisition time, detection probability and complexity. Therefore, it is highly recommended for practical uses

The strategies associated with the migration of networks to 4G

The networks need to provide higher speeds than those offered today. For it, considering that in the spectrum radio technologies is the scarcest resource in the development of these technologies and the new developments is essential to maximize the performance of bits per hertz transmitted. Long Term Evolution optimize spectral efficiency modulations with new air interface, and more advanced algorithms radius. These capabilities is the fact that LTE is an IPbased technology that enables end-to-end offer high transmission rates per user and very low latency, ie delay in the response times of the network around only 10 milliseconds, so you can offer any realtime application. LTE is the latest standard in mobile network technology and 3GPP ensure competitiveness in the future, may be considered a technology bridge between 3G networks - current 3.5G and future 4G networks, which are expected to reach speeds of up to 1G . LTE operators provide a simplified architecture but both robust, supporting services on IP technology. The objectives to be achieved through its implementation are ambitious, first users have a wide range of added services like capabilities that currently enjoys with residential broadband access at competitive prices, while the operator will have a network fully IP-based environment, reducing the complexity and cost of the same, which will give operators the opportunity to migrate to LTE directly. A major advantage of LTE is its ability to fuse with existing networks, ensuring interconnection with the same, increasing his current coverage and allowing a data connection established by a user in the environment continue when fade the coverage LTE. Moreover, the operator has the advantage of deploying network gradually, starting initially at areas of high demand for broadband services and expand progressively in line with this. RESUMEN. Las redes necesitan proporcionar velocidades mayores a las ofertadas a día de hoy. Para ello, teniendo en cuenta que en tecnologías radio el espectro es el recurso más escaso, en la evolución de estas tecnologías y en los nuevos desarrollos es esencial maximizar el rendimiento de bits por hercio transmitido. Long Term Evolution optimiza la eficiencia espectral con nuevas modulaciones en la interfaz aire, así como los algoritmos radio más avanzado. A estas capacidades se suma el hecho de que LTE es una tecnología basada en IP de extremo a extremo que permite ofrecer altas velocidades de transmisión por usuario y latencias muy bajas, es decir, retardos en los tiempos de respuesta de la red en torno a sólo 10 milisegundos, por lo que permite ofrecer cualquier tipo de aplicación en tiempo real. LTE es el último estándar en tecnología de redes móviles y asegurará la competitividad de 3GPP en el futuro, pudiendo ser considerada una tecnología puente entre las redes 3G – 3.5G actuales y las futuras redes 4G, de las que se esperan alcanzar velocidades de hasta 1G. LTE proporcionará a las operadoras una arquitectura simplificada pero robusta a la vez, soportando servicios sobre tecnología IP. Los objetivos que se persiguen con su implantación son ambiciosos, por una parte los usuarios dispondrá de una amplia oferta de servicios añadidos con capacidades similares a las que disfruta actualmente con accesos a banda ancha residencial y a precios competitivos, mientras que el operador dispondrá de una red basada en entorno totalmente IP, reduciendo la complejidad y el costo de la misma, lo que dará a las operadoras la oportunidad de migrar a LTE directamente. Una gran ventaja de LTE es su capacidad para fusionarse con las redes existentes, asegurando la interconexión con las mismas, aumentando su actual cobertura y permitiendo que una conexión de datos establecida por un usuario en el entorno LTE continúe cuando la cobertura LTE se desvanezca. Por otra parte el operador tiene la ventaja de desplegar la red LTE de forma gradual, comenzando inicialmente por las áreas de gran demanda de servicios de banda ancha y ampliarla progresivamente en función de ésta

Identification of Technologies for Provision of Future Aeronautical Communications

This report describes the process, findings, and recommendations of the second of three phases of the Future Communications Study (FCS) technology investigation conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center and ITT Advanced Engineering & Sciences Division for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FCS is a collaborative research effort between the FAA and Eurocontrol to address frequency congestion and spectrum depletion for safety critical airground communications. The goal of the technology investigation is to identify technologies that can support the longterm aeronautical mobile communication operating concept. A derived set of evaluation criteria traceable to the operating concept document is presented. An adaptation of the analytical hierarchy process is described and recommended for selecting candidates for detailed evaluation. Evaluations of a subset of technologies brought forward from the prescreening process are provided. Five of those are identified as candidates with the highest potential for continental airspace solutions in L-band (P-34, W-CDMA, LDL, B-VHF, and E-TDMA). Additional technologies are identified as best performers in the unique environments of remote/oceanic airspace in the satellite bands (Inmarsat SBB and a custom satellite solution) and the airport flight domain in C-band (802.16e). Details of the evaluation criteria, channel models, and the technology evaluations are provided in appendixes

Implementação numa FPGA de técnicas MIMO para os futuros sistemas de transmissão wireless- (sistemas de 4G/LTE)

Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesThis work alludes to 4G LTE technology. Techniques used for the same technology are described namely precoding and Alamouti coding and decoding. An Alamouti’s 4G system implemented to FPGA using the Xilinx System is introduced. The work also addresses the PAPR problem due to the reference pilots in the platform being generated all in phase. In this work a random pilot generator was implemented which combats the high peak power. In the receiver it was taken into account the new generation method to perform channel estimation correctly. A technique is discussed to increase the energy efficiency of the system based on PAPR reduction.O presente trabalho faz alusão à tecnologia 4G LTE. São descritas técnicas usadas na mesma tecnologia nomeadamente de precoding e codificação e descodificação Alamouti. É introduzido um sistema Alamouti 4G implementado para FPGAs usando o programa System Generator da Xilinx. O trabalho também aborda o problema do PAPR devido aos pilotos de referência na plataforma estarem sendo gerados todos em fase. Neste trabalho, um gerador aleatório de pilotos foi implementado que combate a potência de pico (PAPR). No receptor levou-se em conta o método desta nova geração para realizar a estimativa de canal corretamente

Millimetriaaltopohjainen runkoyhteys ultratiheille langattomille verkoille - Itseasentuvien verkkoelementtien analyysi

The amount of wireless traffic and number of connected devices are expected to explode in the coming future. By the year 2020 the amount of data traffic is forecasted to grow 1000 times from 2010 levels and the amount of connected devices is expected to reach 50 billion. One reason to these numbers is massive increase in machine type communications. 5G networks have been envisioned to address these challenges. In the 5G network concept the networks are getting denser than ever before. Millimeter wave communications play an important role in backhauling of the mobile traffic as deploying optical fiber to every small node is most likely going to be too cost intensive for operators. Efficient deployment of an ultra-dense wireless network requires that the devices support so called “plug and play” installation. In practice it means that a mechanic installing a new radio node should only perform physical mounting of the device. Antenna alignment and link setup processes should be fully automated. The purpose of this thesis is to study practical issues and possible solutions of realizing the plug and play installation in a cost efficient way. This study will define scenarios and functional requirements of adding access nodes to backhaul networks. Technical evaluation of link discovery process and cost analysis on plug and play installation of access nodes are conducted.Tulevaisuudessa langattomien laitteiden määrän ja niiden generoiman liikenteen odotetaan kasvavan räjähdysmäisesti. Vuoteen 2020 mennessä verkoissa siirrettävien datamäärien on ennustettu kasvavan tuhatkertaisiksi vuoden 2010 tasosta, ja liitettyjen laitteiden määrän odotetaan nousevan 50 miljardiin. Yksi syy näihin on koneiden välisen viestinnän massiivinen kasvu. 5G-verkkoja on kaavailtu vastaamaan edellä mainittuihin haasteisiin. Osana 5G-konseptia verkkojen odotetaan rakentuvan tiheämmiksi kuin koskaan aiemmin. Millimetriaaltoihin pohjautuvat linkit tulevat olemaan merkittävässä roolissa mobiilidatan siirtämisessä radionoodeista runkoverkkoon, koska optisen kuidun rakentaminen jokaiselle pienelle noodille tulisi mitä luultavimmin operaattoreille liian kalliiksi. Ultratiheiden verkkojen tehokas rakentaminen vaatii, että asennettavat laitteet tukevan niin sanottua itseasennusta. Käytännössä se tarkoittaa sitä, että asentajan täytyy ainoastaan suorittaa radionoodin fyysinen asennus. Antenniensuuntaus- ja linkinmuodostusprosessien tulisi olla täysin automatisoituja. Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on tutkia kustannustehokkaaseen itseasennukseen liittyviä käytännön ongelmia sekä mahdollisia ratkaisuita. Tutkimus määrittelee skenaariot ja funktionaaliset vaatimukset radionoodien lisäämiseksi osaksi operaattorin verkkoa. Työ sisältää linkkienmuodostusprosessin teknisen evaluoinnin, sekä kustannusanalyysin tiheiden verkkojen rakentamisesta hyödyntäen itseasennustekniikkaa