Rancang Bangun Kios Minuman dengan Konsep Container Booth Bertenaga Surya

Energy access is still limited to several areas with the criteria of being remote, underdeveloped, outermost (3T). In addition, limitations still occur in areas considered less economical if an electrical system or network is built. Therefore, there is a need to implement solar panel technology that can improve the economy of the people in areas with these limitations. The objectives of this study are threefold. First, to design a beverage kiosk with a container booth concept where its energy needs are met using solar panels. Second, to analyze the energy con-sumption ratio between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electricity systems when used to meet the needs of the container booth. Third, to analyze the potential for reducing carbon emissions through the use of solar-powered container booths. This research was conducted by analyzing the initial energy requirements through a survey on existing container booth users. The system design is carried out and tests the energy produced by solar panels and the energy consumed for beverage processing. The total energy produced and the potentials for emission reduction were analyzed from each system's test data (DC and AC). The AC system has an efficiency of 21.11%, while the DC system has 19.08%. In terms of battery usage for one day of use, the AC system will reduce 12.03% of the battery while the DC system is 14.34%. The analysis shows that this solar-powered beverage kiosk can meet operational energy needs for two days and reduce emissions equivalent to 34.82 to 58.84 kg of CO2. This concept is expected to be an alternative for society

Improving shoestring surveys for off-grid humanitarian power projects : kilowatts for humanity and KoboCollect

Field surveys are commonplace and essential for off-grid power projects in developing countries where availability of data may be scarce. Critical decisions such as site selection, technology choice, business models employed, and approach to community engagement are all greatly assisted by data that can be gathered through field surveys. Paper-based field surveys, the de facto standard approach, are prone to error, slow to deploy and adjust, and have other practical challenges despite the obvious advantage of having fewer technological dependencies. Over recent years, improvement in freely available surveying software, smartphones and tablets, as well as good cellular coverage throughout the world offers humanitarian organizations an opportunity to implement digital field surveys with relative ease. This article presents the experience implementing KoboCollect by Kilowatts for Humanity (KWH), a non-profit that implements sustainable energy kiosks in developing countries. KoboCollect is an open-source data collection software platform designed to support humanitarian and research organizations. In this paper, limitations of paper-based field surveys from previous KWH projects, as well as from the extant literature, are considered with respect to their ultimate impact on the implementation of the development project. A new approach is presented in which survey questions are refined based on past experience and are directly related to pre-defined project indicators. Key benefits and challenges are identified from the adoption of the new approach and methodological questions around sampling and decision-making following data collection are discussed. The new method is discussed in the context of a KWH survey project being conducted in the summer of 2018 in three locations in the Philippines. A major goal of this work is to open a discussion about the successes and failures of the shoestring, paper-based survey methodology and point to current best practices

Product-Service System applied to Distributed Renewable Energy. A classification system, 15 archetypal models and a strategic design tool

Access to modern energy services represents a great challenge for about 1.4 billion people living in low-income and developing countries. In this paper we discuss the combination of Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE) with Product-Service Systems (PSS), a particular type of value proposition that shifts the business focus from selling products to delivering performances. The application of PSS models to DRE is considered a promising approach to deliver sustainable energy solutions in low-income and developing countries. This research aims at filling the knowledge gap regarding the combination of these two models and in particular at proposing a new classification system for PSSs applied to DRE. In this paper we present the development of a comprehensive classification able to encompass all the most important dimensions characterising PSS applied to DRE and we identify 15 archetypal models of PSS applied to DRE. This new classification system and the related archetypal models have been tested and evaluated with companies and experts from Botswana and South Africa, showing their potential to support innovation in this field.The research that led to this paper is framed within the LeNSes project (Learning Network on Sustainable energy systems) funded by the European Commission (2013-2016, Edulink Programme)

Lighting and Electricity Services for Off-Grid Populations in sub-Sahara Africa

The current scale of investment of US$15–19 billion per year will still leave 350–600 million people without access to electricity by 2030, who live mainly in rural sub-Sahara Africa. The attention of efforts to achieve the universal access to energy target, therefore, focus on technologies that go beyond the centralised system approach. Evidence from literature shows that grid-based electrification is only an attractive option in densely populated areas, with an expected high demand for electricity, and/or within reasonable distance of existing high voltage power lines. Large parts of sub-Sahara Africa do not satisfy these criteria, with large, sparsely populated rural areas in which many households have a very low income. Thus, the literature shows that population density and electricity demand are important factors for decision-making on the cost-efficiency of off-grid technologies