2,091 research outputs found

    Semiconductor-technology exploration : getting the most out of the MOST

    Get PDF

    Management of Islanded Operation of Microgirds

    Get PDF
    Distributed generations with continuously growing penetration levels offer potential solutions to energy security and reliability with minimum environmental impacts. Distributed Generations when connected to the area electric power systems provide numerous advantages. However, grid integration of distributed generations presents several technical challenges which has forced the systems planners and operators to account for the repercussions on the distribution feeders which are no longer passive in the presence of distributed generations. Grid integration of distributed generations requires accurate and reliable islanding detection methodology for secure system operation. Two distributed generation islanding detection methodologies are proposed in this dissertation. First, a passive islanding detection technique for grid-connected distributed generations based on parallel decision trees is proposed. The proposed approach relies on capturing the underlying signature of a wide variety of system events on a set of critical system parameters and utilizes multiple optimal decision tress in a parallel network for classification of system events. Second, a hybrid islanding detection method for grid-connected inverter based distributed generations combining decision trees and Sandia frequency shift method is also proposed. The proposed method combines passive and active islanding detection techniques to aggregate their individual advantages and reduce or eliminate their drawbacks. In smart grid paradigm, microgrids are the enabling engine for systematic integration of distributed generations with the utility grid. A systematic approach for controlled islanding of grid-connected microgrids is also proposed in this dissertation. The objective of the proposed approach is to develop an adaptive controlled islanding methodology to be implemented as a preventive control component in emergency control strategy for microgrid operations. An emergency power management strategy for microgrid autonomous operation subsequent to inadvertent islanding events is also proposed in this dissertation. The proposed approach integrates microgrid resources such as energy storage systems, demand response resources, and controllable micro-sources to layout a comprehensive power management strategy for ensuring secure and stable microgrid operation following an unplanned islanding event. In this dissertation, various case studies are presented to validate the proposed methods. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies

    Hybrid Micro Grid Systems - Drivers & Challenges

    Get PDF
    Increasing environmental concerns, consumer expectations in terms of reliability & better quality of power supply and improving economics of distributed energy resources (DER) based on renewable, is making Micro Grid a viable proposition. Hybrid Micro grid utilising diversity of various energy resources including Wind, Solar, Biomass, and Energy Storage Batteries is found to be a better solution than single source Micro grid system. However, integration of multiple resources poses many issues & challenges. Moreover, present distribution system offers many technical & operational glitches for successful integration of Micro Grid Technologies. Paper addresses such challenges, issues and solutions. The Micro Grid resources optimization is generally being done based on self-sufficiency criterion which utilizes the grid support only in the event of contingencies like fault, generation disruptions (DER) etc. Paper also discusses various resources optimization techniques to serve the net load requirements in all time of the Day (TOD). Keywords: Distributed Energy, Black Start, net load, Islanding, MGCC, PSO, Genetic Algorith

    Distributed energy resources and the application of AI, IoT, and blockchain in smart grids

    Get PDF
    Smart grid (SG), an evolving concept in the modern power infrastructure, enables the two-way flow of electricity and data between the peers within the electricity system networks (ESN) and its clusters. The self-healing capabilities of SG allow the peers to become active partakers in ESN. In general, the SG is intended to replace the fossil fuel-rich conventional grid with the distributed energy resources (DER) and pools numerous existing and emerging know-hows like information and digital communications technologies together to manage countless operations. With this, the SG will able to “detect, react, and pro-act” to changes in usage and address multiple issues, thereby ensuring timely grid operations. However, the “detect, react, and pro-act” features in DER-based SG can only be accomplished at the fullest level with the use of technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and the Blockchain (BC). The techniques associated with AI include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, and neural networks. They have brought advances in controlling DER-based SG. The IoT and BC have also enabled various services like data sensing, data storage, secured, transparent, and traceable digital transactions among ESN peers and its clusters. These promising technologies have gone through fast technological evolution in the past decade, and their applications have increased rapidly in ESN. Hence, this study discusses the SG and applications of AI, IoT, and BC. First, a comprehensive survey of the DER, power electronics components and their control, electric vehicles (EVs) as load components, and communication and cybersecurity issues are carried out. Second, the role played by AI-based analytics, IoT components along with energy internet architecture, and the BC assistance in improving SG services are thoroughly discussed. This study revealed that AI, IoT, and BC provide automated services to peers by monitoring real-time information about the ESN, thereby enhancing reliability, availability, resilience, stability, security, and sustainability

    Komponentenbasierte dynamische Modellierung von Energiesystemen und Energiemanagement-Strategien für ein intelligentes Stromnetz im Heimbereich

    Get PDF
    The motivation of this work is to present an energy cost reduction concept in a home area power network (HAPN) with intelligent generation and flexible load demands. This study endeavors to address the energy management system (EMS) and layout-design challenges faced by HAPN through a systematic design approach. The growing demand for electricity has become a significant burden on traditional power networks, prompting power engineers to seek ways to improve their efficiency. One such solution is to integrate dispersed generation sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and storage systems, with an appropriate control mechanism at the distribution level. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the installation of PV-Battery systems, due to their potential to reduce carbon emissions and lower energy costs. This research proposes an optimal economic power dispatch strategy using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to enhance the overall performance of HAPN. A hybrid AC/DC microgrid concept is proposed to address the control choices made by the appliance scheduling and hybrid switching approaches based on a linear programming optimization framework. The suggested optimization criteria improve consumer satisfaction, minimize grid disconnections, and lower overall energy costs by deploying inexpensive clean energy generation and control. Various examples from actual case study demonstrate the use of the established EMS and design methodology.Die Motivation dieser Arbeit besteht darin, ein Konzept zur Senkung der Energiekosten in einem Heimnetzwerk (HAPN) mit intelligenter Erzeugung und exiblen Lastanforderungen vorzustellen. Im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit wird ein Entwurf für ein HAPN entwickelt, indem das Energiemanagementsystem (EMS) und der Entwurf des Layouts auf der Grundlage des Systemmodells und der betrieblichen Anforderungen gelöst werden. Die steigende Nachfrage nach Elektrizität ist für traditionelle Stromnetze kostspielig und infrastrukturintensiv. Daher konzentrieren sich Energietechniker darauf, die Effizienz der derzeitigen Netze zu erhöhen. Dies kann durch die Integration verteilter Erzeugungsanlagen (z. B. Photovoltaik (PV), Speicher) mit einem geeigneten Kontrollmechanismus für das Energiemanagement auf der Verteilungsseite erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus hat das Interesse an der Installation von PV-Batterie-basierten Systemen aufgrund der Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen und der Senkung der Energiekosten erheblich zugenommen. Es wird eine optimale wirtschaftliche Strategie für den Energieeinsatz unter Verwendung einer modellprädiktiven Steuerung (MPC) entwickelt. Es wird zudem ein hybrides AC/DC-Microgrid-Konzept vorgeschlagen, um die Steuerungsentscheidungen, die von den Ansätzen der Geräteplanung und der hybriden Umschaltung getroffen werden, auf der Grundlage eines linearen Programmierungsoptimierungsrahmens zu berücksichtigen. Die vorgeschlagenen Optimierungskriterien verbessern die Zufriedenheit der Verbraucher, minimieren Netzabschaltungen und senken die Gesamtenergiekosten durch den Einsatz von kostengünstiger und sauberer Energieerzeugung. Verschiedene Beispiele aus einer Fallstudie demonstrieren den Einsatz des entwickelten EMS und der Entwurfsmethodik

    A Review on Artificial Intelligence Applications for Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems

    Get PDF
    The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing in various sectors of photovoltaic (PV) systems, due to the increasing computational power, tools and data generation. The currently employed methods for various functions of the solar PV industry related to design, forecasting, control, and maintenance have been found to deliver relatively inaccurate results. Further, the use of AI to perform these tasks achieved a higher degree of accuracy and precision and is now a highly interesting topic. In this context, this paper aims to investigate how AI techniques impact the PV value chain. The investigation consists of mapping the currently available AI technologies, identifying possible future uses of AI, and also quantifying their advantages and disadvantages in regard to the conventional mechanisms

    The Role of Power Electronics in Modern Energy System Integration

    Get PDF

    MULTI AGENT SYSTEM APPROACH TO SOLVE DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROBLEM TO INCREASE THE STABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

    Get PDF
    The modern power distribution system differs drastically from the conventional power distribution system. Smart grid and micro-grid technologies make the modern distribution system more complicated. In modern power distribution network two way power flow is possible due to the installation of distributed energy resources compared to the one way power flow from generation to consumer in conventional power distribution system. Utility companies had full control over the conventional power distribution system. With the more and more DERs in placed by privet sectors and some times by individual home owners managing the power distribution system becomes more and more complex. Maintaining the reliability and the stability of the system is becoming a challenge in modern power distribution system. Addition of DERs has significant effect on the reliability of the network

    Energy Management Systems For Smart Active Residential Buildings

    Get PDF

    Rooftop photovoltaics:sizing, markets and resource balancing in small communities

    Get PDF
    Abstract. The photovoltaic potential of Finnish rooftops in small-scale energy communities has been acknowledged in case studies and research among economic and technology studies. This is a Bachelor’s thesis about the future expectations of rooftop photovoltaic generation in finnish housing companies. The renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly popular as taxing and energy expenses from polluting energy generation such as fossil fuel technologies are raising electricity prices for consumers. The methodology of this study is a literature review of legal, economic and technical research from recent years. The important interpretation requires connecting the important parameters such as self-sustainability, efficiency, payback time and demand flexibility compared to initial investments on renewable energy. The smart grid load balancing is affected by micro-generation in communities and online data services are needed to follow optimal sizing for the available technology included in small-scale energy production. On the other hand it is argued that the technology equipment used for solar arrays including transportation, wiring and batteries are not yet recycled or resourced sustainably. That is why wind and nuclear are involved in an energy transition where new technologies are tested in energy communities and an environmentally friendly image is redefined. Larger consumption patterns for housing companies are likely if smart appliances such as smart meters and electric cars are integrated to housing and transportation with the result of digitalization. Connecting hardware and software is why housing communities could provide management in shared online platforms for smart electricity sharing and energy market economic interests.Aurinkosähkön tuotanto katolla : mitoitus, markkinapaikat ja resurssien tasapainottaminen pienissä yhteisöissä. Tiivistelmä. Suomalaisten kattojen aurinkosähköpotentiaali pienen mittakaavan energiayhteisöissä on tunnustettu talous- ja teknologiatutkimuksen projekteissa ja tutkimuksessa. Tämä on kandidaatintutkielma tulevaisuuden näkökulmista aurinkosähkön tuotantoon taloyhtiöiden katoilla Suomessa. Uusiutuvista energialähteistä on tulossa yhä suositumpia, sillä saastuttavan energiantuotannon, kuten fossiilisten polttoaineiden teknologioiden, verottaminen ja energiakustannukset nostavat sähkön hintoja kuluttajille. Tämän tutkimuksen menetelmä on kirjallisuuskatsaus viime vuosien oikeudelliseen, taloudelliseen ja tekniseen tutkimukseen. Tulkintojen tarkkuutta edellyttää tärkeiden parametrien, kuten tuotannon omavaraisuuden, tehokkuuden, takaisinmaksuajan ja kysynnän joustavuuden yhdistämistä verrattuna uusiutuviin energialähteisiin tehtäviin alkuinvestointeihin. Älyverkon kuormituksen tasapainottamiseen vaikuttaa mikrotuotanto yhteisöissä ja virtuaalisia datapalveluja tarvitaan, jotta voidaan noudattaa optimaalista mitoitusta energian pientuotantoon käytettävissä olevalle tekniikalle. Toisaalta on väitetty, että aurinkosähköjärjestelmiin, kuten kuljetukseen, johdotukseen ja akkuihin, käytettäviä sähkölaitteita ei ole vielä kierrätetty tai tai niiden tuotantoa järjestetty kestävästi. Siksi myös tuuli- ja ydinvoima ovat mukana energiatalouden muodonmuutoksessa, jossa uusia teknologioita testataan energiayhteisöissä ja ympäristöystävällisyyden käsite voidaan määritellään uudelleen. Taloyhtiöiden laajenevat kulutustottumukset ovat todennäköisiä älylaitteiden, kuten uuden sukupolven sähkömittarien ja sähköautojen integroitumisessa asumiseen ja liikenteeseen digitalisaation tuloksena. Teknologisten laitteistojen ja ohjelmistojen yhdistäminen on syy siihen, miksi taloyhtiöt voivat toimia jaetuilla verkkoalustoilla älykkään sähkön jakamisen ja energiamarkkinoiden taloudellisten etujen saavuttamiseksi
    corecore