Design of Quadrotor UAV and Internet-of-Things Based Air Pollution Monitoring Systems

Air pollution is one of problems causing global warming that is currently taking a place. Several air quality monitoring devices usually located at the city center are only limited to display data at one point. Therefore, a mobile device to monitor air quality is needed so as to enable the monitoring in several points. This paper aims to design an air quality monitoring system based on quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology. The sensor system is designed to detect CO, CO2, air quality, and temperature variables. This sensor systems was then integrated with quadrotor in order to make the monitoring process can be carried out at various points. Quadrotor was designed using Ardupilot Mega (APM) 2.6 as the flight controler. Measurement data from system sensor was transmitted wirelessly using internet network via Wi-Fi module. Based on the test results, the sensor system was able to detect concentration of several test gas and was linear to the output voltage. Quadrotor orientation parameters at takeoff produced transient responses in less than 1 second. The air pollution sensor parameter data could also be displayed every 10 seconds on the ThingSpeak and ThingView interfaces, and could be mapped based on the data retrieval coordinates

Perancangan Mobile Application Alat Pantau Kualitas Air Kolam Berbasis Internet of Things

Changes in temperature, pH, and turbidity in concrete fish ponds greatly impact to the fish survival. Initial observations showed that among 3.067 fish seeds, 1.633 fish (53%) died and only 1.434 fish (47%) was successfully harvested. The application of water quality monitoring devices from concrete pools designed based on the Internet of Things technology has been tested. The monitoring equipment will not function optimally without an application that functions to receive monitoring data and then take action. Pool water quality monitoring equipment connected to the cloud using a GSM network connection. The recorded data is then displayed on the water quality monitoring application that designed using the Android operating system. Application design is developed using a User-Centered Design approach, where the design process was carried out by considering several variables: ease for use, clarity of information delivery, the fulfillment of needs, and appearance. Based on the results of the design evaluation, weaknesses can be determined, namely, difficulty to find the search menu for click history data, find the refresh button, read the results of searching for historical data, and read data in tables and graphs. Based on this, further improvements can be made to improve the application being made. The monitoring equipment is expected to provide information to pond managers to immediately take action if changing in pH and temperature beyond the limit so that the fish mortality rate can be minimized.Perubahan suhu, pH dan kekeruhan pada kolam ikan beton sangatlah berdampak kepada kelangsungan hidup ikan yang dipelihara. Pengamatan awal menunjukkan dari 3067 ekor bibit ikan nila yang ditebar, 1633 ekor ikan (53%) mengalami kematian dan jumlah panennya hanya 1434 ekor (47%). Penerapan perangkat pemantau kualitas air dari kolam beton yang dirancang berbasis teknologi  Internet of Things telah dapat diujicobakan. Peralatan pemantau tersebut tidak akan berfungsi dengan optimal tanpa adanya aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk menerima data pantauan dan selanjutnya melakukan tindakan. Alat pemantau  pemantau kualitas air kolam dihubungkan ke cloud menggunakan koneksi jaringan GSM. Data yang terekam selanjutnya ditampilkan pada aplikasi pemantau kualitas air diracang menggunakan operating system Android. Desain aplikasi dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan User Centered Design, dimana proses perancangannya dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan sejumlah variabel, yaitu kemudahan penggunaan (ease for use), kejelasan penyampaian informasi,  pemenuhan kebutuhan, dan tampilan. Proses perancangan menggunakan pendekatan Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi rancangan dapat ditentukan kelemahan dari hasil rancangan aplikasi, yaitu sulit menemukan menu pencarian data history klik, menemukan tombol refresh, membaca hasil pencarian data histori, serta kesulitan membaca data dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut selanjutnya dapat dilakukan perbaikan untuk menyempurnakan aplikasi yang dibuat. Keberadaan peralatan pemantau tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kolam untuk segera memberikan tindakan apabila terjadi perubahan pH dan suhu diluar batas, sehingga tingkat kematian ikan dapat diminimalkan

Design and Implementation of SEMAR IoT Server Platform with Applications

Nowadays, rapid developments of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have increased possibilities of realizing smart cities where collaborations and integrations of various IoT application systems are essential. However, IoT application systems have often been designed and deployed independently without considering the standards of devices, logics, and data communications. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the IoT server platform called Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytical in Real-Time (SEMAR) for integrating IoT application systems using standards. SEMAR offers Big Data environments with built-in functions for data aggregations, synchronizations, and classifications with machine learning. Moreover, plug-in functions can be easily implemented. Data from devices for different sensors can be accepted directly and through network connections, which will be used in real-time for user interfaces, text files, and access to other systems through Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API) services. For evaluations of SEMAR, we implemented the platform and integrated five IoT application systems, namely, the air-conditioning guidance system, the fingerprint-based indoor localization system, the water quality monitoring system, the environment monitoring system, and the air quality monitoring system. When compared with existing research on IoT platforms, the proposed SEMAR IoT application server platform offers higher flexibility and interoperability with the functions for IoT device managements, data communications, decision making, synchronizations, and filters that can be easily integrated with external programs or IoT applications without changing the codes. The results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposal

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantau Indeks Kualitas Udara PM 2,5, PM 10 dan CO Berbasis Internet of Things

High levels of air pollution and the impact of covid-19 can be a dangerous substance that can have serious consequences for health, so the need for air quality monitoring is very necessary. The purpose of the research is to design and realize a tool that can display air quality index numbers PM 2.5, PM 10, carbon monoxide (CO) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with color indicators (green, yellow, red) so that someone can know air quality information online and can be monitored from anywhere. The system employed ESP32 as system control and data processing, SDS011 sensor, MQ-7 sensor, DHT11 sensor, 0.96' SPI OLED Display Module, and the Adafruit IO website to display the system data. The results showed that the measurement accuracy of PM 2.5, PM 10, CO, temperature, and humidity compared to Accuweather AQI realtime data was 99%. The system can also display measurement data on the OLED display according to the specifications made, and the system can display measurement data on the Adafruit Io website that was created

Real-Time IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring and Health Hazards Indicator System for Mines Regions: A Case Study of Bulyanhulu Gold Mine

This research article was published by International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing Vol.12 Issue.7, July- 2023Air quality in mining regions is a significant concern due to the release of pollutants from mining activities, posing health risks to nearby communities. However, limited information on air quality levels often leads to neglect of this issue. Inhaling pollutants like PM2.5/PM10, CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2 can result in chronic diseases such as respiratory issues, asthma, and cancer. To tackle this problem, a study suggests the implementation of a real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring and health hazards indicator system for mining regions. The proposed system utilizes a reliable wireless sensing system, incorporating sensors like MQ7, MQ135, MQ136, MiCS4514, PMS7003, and DHT22, along with ESP8266, STM32, ATmega328 microcontroller, LoRa shields, and the ThingSpeak IoT server. It ensures continuous operation with a self-contained design, including a solar charger shield connected to a photovoltaic solar panel and rechargeable battery. The smart sensing device continuously monitors air quality and uploads real-time data to the cloud through a coordinator node. The collected data is processed to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI), which is analyzed to generate early warnings and indicate potential health hazards. The results are accessible through a web-based dashboard for easy visualization. This system simplifies monitoring and provides accurate pollutant data. It supports environmental stakeholders by aggregating and analyzing air quality data, generating reports, and facilitating public access to air quality information. Additionally, it helps identify health hazards, enabling informed decision-making, policy formulation, and mitigation strategies

Evaluation of System Performance for Microalga Cultivation in Photobioreactor with IOTs (Internet of Things)

Photobioreactors are a closed system concept of microalgae cultivation which is mostly done to control the development of intensive cultivation. The use of the internet to control microalgae has been carried out so that cyber physic interaction occurs by using the Internet of Things (IOTs) where this concept is an evolution of the concept of internet use that aims to expand the benefits of internet connectivity that is connected continuously with the ability to control remotely (remote control), data sharing (data sharing), continuous monitoring (real time monitoring) and up to date (up to date). This research aims to design a microalgae cultivation system as a source of food and energy for the future with a photobioreactor integrated with IOTs, so that it can be monitored continuously, controlled and used as a model for the development of greater microalgae cultivation technology. Development of automation in the cultivation of microalgae needs to be done to improve productivity and maintain quality so that the cultivation of microalgae can lead to industrialization, so that the development of microalgae as raw material for various needs can be optimized. Cultivation in a closed system photobioreactor, will produce microalgae that are not contaminated by external contaminants, growth analysis can be done based on the parameters that affect it, including the cultivation room temperature, lighting level (luminance), and the color of water in the process of photosynthesis microalgae, and also control of water circulation by using air lift (aerator). All processes carried out in this cultivation are done semi-automatically, because there is still a process of human interaction in setting parameters and controls in the process of harvesting microalgae. In this study microalgae was evaluated by using 4 cultivation tubes using 2 treatments giving fertilizer with different doses, where 2 tubes had the same dose, while 2 other tubes with different dosages. One tube with the same dose is used as a control. Visualization of controlled parameters includes, temperature parameters, light intensity, water color changes. The observed parameters will be displayed in a graphical user interface (GUI) in real time using the internet.  The liitation of this studi is how the system for microalga cultivation in a fotobioreactor can monitored by sensor and visualization in a remote monitoring such as computer connected to internet and also any ather devices.  The target of this research is to obtined time series data that can be analized  and monitored

From Sensor to Observation Web with Environmental Enablers in the Future Internet

This paper outlines the grand challenges in global sustainability research and the objectives of the FP7 Future Internet PPP program within the Digital Agenda for Europe. Large user communities are generating significant amounts of valuable environmental observations at local and regional scales using the devices and services of the Future Internet. These communities’ environmental observations represent a wealth of information which is currently hardly used or used only in isolation and therefore in need of integration with other information sources. Indeed, this very integration will lead to a paradigm shift from a mere Sensor Web to an Observation Web with semantically enriched content emanating from sensors, environmental simulations and citizens. The paper also describes the research challenges to realize the Observation Web and the associated environmental enablers for the Future Internet. Such an environmental enabler could for instance be an electronic sensing device, a web-service application, or even a social networking group affording or facilitating the capability of the Future Internet applications to consume, produce, and use environmental observations in cross-domain applications. The term ?envirofied? Future Internet is coined to describe this overall target that forms a cornerstone of work in the Environmental Usage Area within the Future Internet PPP program. Relevant trends described in the paper are the usage of ubiquitous sensors (anywhere), the provision and generation of information by citizens, and the convergence of real and virtual realities to convey understanding of environmental observations. The paper addresses the technical challenges in the Environmental Usage Area and the need for designing multi-style service oriented architecture. Key topics are the mapping of requirements to capabilities, providing scalability and robustness with implementing context aware information retrieval. Another essential research topic is handling data fusion and model based computation, and the related propagation of information uncertainty. Approaches to security, standardization and harmonization, all essential for sustainable solutions, are summarized from the perspective of the Environmental Usage Area. The paper concludes with an overview of emerging, high impact applications in the environmental areas concerning land ecosystems (biodiversity), air quality (atmospheric conditions) and water ecosystems (marine asset management)

Hybrid Ventilation System and Soft-Sensors for Maintaining Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Maintaining both indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in buildings along with optimized energy consumption is a challenging problem. This investigation presents a novel design for hybrid ventilation system enabled by predictive control and soft-sensors to achieve both IAQ and thermal comfort by combining predictive control with demand controlled ventilation (DCV). First, we show that the problem of maintaining IAQ, thermal comfort and optimal energy is a multi-objective optimization problem with competing objectives, and a predictive control approach is required to smartly control the system. This leads to many implementation challenges which are addressed by designing a hybrid ventilation scheme supported by predictive control and soft-sensors. The main idea of the hybrid ventilation system is to achieve thermal comfort by varying the ON/OFF times of the air conditioners to maintain the temperature within user-defined bands using a predictive control and IAQ is maintained using Healthbox 3.0, a DCV device. Furthermore, this study also designs soft-sensors by combining the Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors with deep-learning tools. The hardware realization of the control and IoT prototype is also discussed. The proposed novel hybrid ventilation system and the soft-sensors are demonstrated in a real research laboratory, i.e., Center for Research in Automatic Control Engineering (C-RACE) located at Kalasalingam University, India. Our results show the perceived benefits of hybrid ventilation, predictive control, and soft-sensors