Effect of grafting runner beans on crop yield and fruit quality

Dissertação de mestrado em Agricultura Biológica, apresentada à Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloRunner bean is a popular vegetable culture. It is often cultivated in green houses. To intensify its production, synthetic fertilizers along with pesticides are often used. However, using grafting can effectively and inexpensively fight root parasites and increase the uptake of nutrients from the soil, due to the development of a stronger root system of the plant. This method has previously shown promising results for tomatoes. In this work we have studied how grafting of runner beans cultivars Rajado and Oriente on the rootstocks P1: cv. Aintree (Tozer Seeds), P2: cv. White Emergo (TS), and P3: cv. feijão de 7 anos (Portuguese landrace cv.) can affect plant performance, yield and resistance of the crop to soil borne disease, such as nematodes and Fusarium. We recorded the number of days after planting (DAP) at which the first flower and the first pod occurred in each crop treatment. Also we measured the length of the pods, their fresh and dry weights, and the frequency of diseases and defects on the pods. The temperature and relative humidity inside the greenhouse were constantly measured. During the experiment the plants experienced nutrient deficiency and Fusarium solani infection. The plants grafted onto the R3 rootstock, cv. feijão de 7 anos, have shown the best survival rates and yield per plant. In conclusion, grafting runner bean seems to be an appropriate strategy to increase crop tolerance to soilborne diseases caused by Fusarium spp. and nutrient deficiency, mainly for higher yielding cultivars such as cv. Oriente. For the scion cv. Oriente we would recommend the rootstock cv. P3, while for cv. Rajado further investigation is still needed to evaluate the effects of rootstocks P2 and P3

Proceedings of the European Conference on Agricultural Engineering AgEng2021

This proceedings book results from the AgEng2021 Agricultural Engineering Conference under auspices of the European Society of Agricultural Engineers, held in an online format based on the University of Évora, Portugal, from 4 to 8 July 2021. This book contains the full papers of a selection of abstracts that were the base for the oral presentations and posters presented at the conference. Presentations were distributed in eleven thematic areas: Artificial Intelligence, data processing and management; Automation, robotics and sensor technology; Circular Economy; Education and Rural development; Energy and bioenergy; Integrated and sustainable Farming systems; New application technologies and mechanisation; Post-harvest technologies; Smart farming / Precision agriculture; Soil, land and water engineering; Sustainable production in Farm buildings

Critical Thinking Skills Profile of High School Students In Learning Science-Physics

This study aims to describe Critical Thinking Skills high school students in the city of Makassar. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted an analysis of student test results of 200 people scattered in six schools in the city of Makassar. The results of the quantitative descriptive analysis of the data found that the average value of students doing the interpretation, analysis, and inference in a row by 1.53, 1.15, and 1.52. This value is still very low when compared with the maximum value that may be obtained by students, that is equal to 10.00. This shows that the critical thinking skills of high school students are still very low. One fact Competency Standards science subjects-Physics is demonstrating the ability to think logically, critically, and creatively with the guidance of teachers and demonstrate the ability to solve simple problems in daily life. In fact, according to Michael Scriven stated that the main task of education is to train students and or students to think critically because of the demands of work in the global economy, the survival of a democratic and personal decisions and decisions in an increasingly complex society needs people who can think well and make judgments good. Therefore, the need for teachers in the learning device scenario such as: driving question or problem, authentic Investigation: Science Processes

An aesthetic for sustainable interactions in product-service systems?

Copyright @ 2012 Greenleaf PublishingEco-efficient Product-Service System (PSS) innovations represent a promising approach to sustainability. However the application of this concept is still very limited because its implementation and diffusion is hindered by several barriers (cultural, corporate and regulative ones). The paper investigates the barriers that affect the attractiveness and acceptation of eco-efficient PSS alternatives, and opens the debate on the aesthetic of eco-efficient PSS, and the way in which aesthetic could enhance some specific inner qualities of this kinds of innovations. Integrating insights from semiotics, the paper outlines some first research hypothesis on how the aesthetic elements of an eco-efficient PSS could facilitate user attraction, acceptation and satisfaction

Library buildings around the world

"Library Buildings around the World" is a survey based on researches of several years. The objective was to gather library buildings on an international level starting with 1990

UVR8 mediated spatial differences as a prerequisite for UV-B induced inflorescence phototropism

In Arabidopsis hypocotyls, phototropins are the dominant photoreceptors for the positive phototropism response towards unilateral ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. We report a stark contrast of response mechanism with inflorescence stems with a central role for UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). The perception of UV-B occurs mainly in the epidermis and cortex with a lesser contribution of the endodermis. Unilateral UV-B exposure does not lead to a spatial difference in UVR8 protein levels but does cause differential UVR8 signal throughout the stem with at the irradiated side 1) increase of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), 2) an associated strong activation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and flavonoid accumulation, 3) increased GA2oxidase expression, diminished gibberellin1 levels and accumulation of DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF GA1 (RGA) and, 4) increased expression of the auxin transport regulator, PINOID, contributing to local diminished auxin signalling. Our molecular findings are in support of the Blaauw theory (1919), suggesting that differential growth occurs trough unilateral photomorphogenic growth inhibition. Together the data indicate phototropin independent inflorescence phototropism through multiple locally UVR8-regulated hormone pathways

James Hanley: modernism and the working class.

This thesis examines the work of James Hanley (1901-1985), a working-class ordinary seaman who became a professional writer for most of his adult life. His reputation was made originally during the 1930s when he was often identified with the emergent group of industrial-based' proletarian' realists. However, Hanley's writing radically departs from conventional notions of realism and will be shown to have closer associations with both mainstream and sub-cultural forms of modernism. Theoretically, the thesis is grounded in Georg Lukacs's History and Class Consciousness, which argues that the 'totality' of social relations is made intelligible only through a working-class realization of the dialectic. His social insight is then adapted and, along with other compatible Marxist readings, developed for a literary theory which argues that, read dialectically, working-class interventions reveal the conflictual and contradictory aspects of literary formations and movements. Hanley's life and career is characterized by what is consistently represented as a 'class struggle' at both the social and textual levels: a pervasive phenomenon whereby marginal initiatives both resist and affirm the ideology of the dominant culture. Hanley is also interesting in terms of his spatial and temporal range which, unlike that of other working class writers, is confined neither to that moment of the 1930s, nor to the workplace, but addresses the broad spectrum of 20th-century British history and culture, including the crisis moments of two world wars, and the salient questions of modernity: political engagement and retreat, individuality and community, country and city. Methodologically, such a complexity is more fully explained by an intertextual approach which locates Hanley within both a European tradition and various currents of contemporary writing. It is argued that class is the key determining factor in understanding both these processes, and the analagous problematics of Hanley's social trajectory, each of which are shown to have profound textual consequences. Empirically, the social and cultural sources of his work are traced from the place of his origins, Liverpool, through the domain of the sea, to the modem world of metropolitan publishing and finally to rural Wales, his adopted country. The thesis concludes that interpreting modernism through the category of class has implications for developing general theories of literary culture: namely that cultural phenomena cannot be characterized by any singular factor or process, but are more adequately interpreted dialectically, that is to say as the result of a struggle between competing meanings of tradition, reality, history and art