Financial considerations of South African environmental problems

No panacea exists for the resolution of environmental problems. In South Africa environmental control is affected almost exclusively by way of direct prohibition an~ regulation. These policies have serious limitations predominantly as a result of legal and administrative inadequacies. The remedy of these inadequacies is not feasible and alternative, complementary or replacement control policies are needed. This report reviews a number of alternative policies, most of which rely on market related mechanisms, in the context of pollution, resource destruction and land use problems. In addition, current financial legislation is replete with provisions contributing towards the exacerbation of environmental ills. These anomalous provisions must be re-evaluated in terms of material objectives, which must include the need for sound environmental resource management. A number of provisions do, however, offer some potential for conservation activities. These provisions, together with some innovative schemes, are introduced in the report and deserve further research

The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture

Proceedings of the symposium held in 1987 in Bangkok, Thailand, by tilapia scientists to discuss strategies for future research and development in the tilapia industry worldwide. Contains 82 full papers, 17 poster abstracts and author and species indexes. The full papers were presented under 7 sessions: culture systems, management and production; pathology; genetics and reproduction; nutrition, physiology; biology and ecology; and economics and socioeconomics.Tilapia culture, Conferences

Reevaluating the California Sales Tax: Exemptions, Equity, Effectiveness, and the Need for a Broader Base

This Comment examines the tax base and administrative aspects of the sales tax in California and argues the need for reform. It analyzes the State\u27s sales tax system against its original goals and attempts to measure the tax system\u27s success. The analysis points to the proliferation of exclusions and exemptions that reduce the efficacy and equity of the tax system and clearly demonstrates a need to expand the tax base if the system is to remain true to its original goals and remain a strong source of revenue for the state. The Comment also discuss alternative taxation schemes, focusing both on simplifying the tax structure through the taxation of selected services and decreasing the number of exemptions, as well as exploring the possibility of a wholesale revision of the taxing system

ECASTAR: Energy Conservation; an Assessment of Systems, Technologies and Requirements

A methodology for a systems approach display and assessment of the potential for energy conservation actions and the impacts of those actions was presented. The U.S. economy is divided into four sectors: energy industry, industry, residential/commercial and transportation. Each sector is assessed with respect to energy conservation actions and impacts. The four sectors are combined and three strategies for energy conservation actions for the combined sectors are assessed. The three strategies (national energy conservation, electrification and diversification) represent energy conservation actions for the near term (now to 1985), the mid term (1985 to 2000) and the far term (2000 and beyond). The assessment procedure includes input/output analysis to bridge the flows between the sectors, and net economics and net energetics as performance criteria for the conservation actions. Targets of opportunity for large net energy net energy savings and the application of technology to achieve these savings are discussed

Great Northern Public Affairs Department Newsletter, 1979

A weekly newsletter prepared by Paul K. McCann, Public Affairs Manager of Great Northern Paper Company in Millinocket, Maine. The file includes all issues for the calendar year 1979