30 research outputs found
Financial considerations of South African environmental problems
No panacea exists for the resolution of environmental problems. In South Africa environmental control is affected almost exclusively by way of direct prohibition an~ regulation. These policies have serious limitations predominantly as a result of legal and administrative inadequacies. The remedy of these inadequacies is not feasible and alternative, complementary or replacement control policies are needed. This report reviews a number of alternative policies, most of which rely on market related mechanisms, in the context of pollution, resource destruction and land use problems. In addition, current financial legislation is replete with provisions contributing towards the exacerbation of environmental ills. These anomalous provisions must be re-evaluated in terms of material objectives, which must include the need for sound environmental resource management. A number of provisions do, however, offer some potential for conservation activities. These provisions, together with some innovative schemes, are introduced in the report and deserve further research
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Peppermint Kings: A Rural American History
Explores rural history through the experiences of three families that dominated the American peppermint oil business from its beginning in the early nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century. The rural entrepreneurs who became Peppermint Kings acted in ways that challenge traditional historical depictions of rural people. The freethinking Ranney clan built a family business that extended from Massachusetts to western New York and Michigan during the first half of the nineteenth century. The Hotchkiss brothers entered the international market and ventured into finance and banking at a time when the United States government was reducing opportunities for regional bankers. Albert May Todd brought science to peppermint farming and distilling, and advocated progressive and socialist causes as a politician and organizer of the Municipal Ownership League of America. The Peppermint Kings’ stories not only demonstrate the remarkable agency of rural people, but offer insights into how rural Americans responded to broader social changes that have typically been viewed from a predominantly urban perspective
Reports to the President
A compilation of annual reports for the 1988-1989 academic year, including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans
Sustainable Community Redevelopment: A Plan for Detroit's Lower Eastside
In the city of Detroit, decades of discrimination, unrest, and disinvestment have left
scores of vacant and abandoned property and thousands of impoverished residents. This is
clearly apparent in Detroit’s lower eastside, located just inside the city limits and bordered by
affluent suburban Grosse Pointe Park. Here, in the heart of the lower eastside, the Jefferson
East Business Association (JEBA) works to restore economic vitality as a means of revitalizing
the overall conditions of the neighborhood. To aid JEBA in their strategic planning process, we
developed a replicable model of sustainable community redevelopment and delivered a set of
tailored suggestions for the lower eastside.
Our research began with a review of national case studies relevant to six core topic
areas critical to redevelopment: Economic Prosperity, Human Health & Well-Being, Vibrant
Communities, Energy Systems, Material & Resource Flows, and Ecosystem Services. Through
the course of our research, common principles emerged and informed the creation of the sixstep
REPAIR model for sustainable community redevelopment. In this report, we demonstrate
the model through application to the lower eastside, provide our resulting assessment of the
neighborhood, and suggest detailed next steps for JEBA and the community.
While specific guidance is provided for Detroit, the key findings are universal:
First, a data-driven approach is essential in guiding proper resource usage and investment.
Second, there is often a plethora of organizations working for the betterment of hard-hit urban
areas. It is essential that these disparate stakeholders collaborate on a common plan to avoid
redundancy and while accelerating community redevelopment. Stakeholders must rally behind
a strong leader to most effectively assemble crucial resources and increase the likelihood of
success. Third, a truly sustainable community will need to prepare for future challenges through
mitigation and adaptation strategies. These methods must be established to increase resilience
and realize true sustainably. We highlight a process of continual improvement in which metrics
and indicators are regularly checked for both changes in trends and continued relevancy.Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69234/1/SCR-Paper.pd
Policy and practice of urban neighbourhood renewal and regeneration : what can China learn from British experiences?
Urban neighbourhood renewal and regeneration have a long history in Western
industrialised societies like Britain. The renewal or regeneration strategies, visions,
approaches and implementations often reflect the particular political, economic, social
and cultural contexts of each development period. There are abundant research
literatures on the theoretical and practical elements of neighbourhood
renewal/regeneration in the UK, which provide valuable references and lessons to the
industrialising countries. In rapidly urbanising countries like China, traditional urban
neighbourhoods are redeveloped at an unprecedented scale. Urban renewal and
redevelopment projects have affected the life of a large number of urban residents. The
renewal process, the mechanism and its social and economic effects were, however,
understudied.
This research aims to evaluate the evolution, achievements and problems of
neighbourhood renewal process in Chinese cities, by following a cross-national
approach. It reviews the evolution of urban renewal and regeneration theories and
practice in Britain: the earliest industralised country in the world. Based on the findings,
an analytical framework is established which is then used to examine and evaluate the
recent urban redevelopment practice in Chinese cities. The research is based on both
quantitative and qualitative data and information collected in the two countries through
literature and policy reviews, fieldworks, key player interviews and a household survey
in the two case study neighbourhoods: Shichahai and Jinyuchi in the inner city area of
Beijing.
The research found that the developments of British and Chinese neighbourhood
renewal share a similar “zigzag” trajectory in which the renewal strategies focus either
on economic or social objectives alternatively. Especially in recent years, urban renewal
and regeneration challenges in Britain and China became more similar. Disadvantaged
neighbourhoods in both countries face problems of multi-dimensional deprivation
across the areas of housing, employment, education, healthcare, safety and others. This
means that the British regeneration strategies and approaches could be more valuable to
Chinese policy-makers and practitioners. In China, neighbourhood renewal projects
always bear the influence from the West, but for the different national contexts, renewal
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projects in every period only targeted at one or several particular aspects of the “urban
problems” at the time. The positive effects of renewal projects were often very limited
while the negative impacts led to the emergence of unexpected new problems. Since
2000 some experimental renewal projects have a much wider remits than before, but
they still focus on the “visible” problems only. The improvement of local housing
condition and physical environment was very obvious and dramatic. The achievements
were however cutback by the process of gentrification and population replacement.
Although the new renewal mechanisms emphasised multi-sectoral cooperation, the
operational and administrative structures were still far from the ideal partnership,
particularly in relation to the rights of original residents. Based on the findings, a series
of recommendations have been developed to improve the neighbourhood renewal
practice in Chinese cities
AICPA Technical Practice Aids, as of June 1, 1998
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2335/thumbnail.jp
AICPA Technical Practice Aids, as of June 1, 1997
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2334/thumbnail.jp