NFT as a proof of Digital Ownership-reward system integrated to a Secure Distributed Computing Blockchain Framework

Today, the global economy is dependent on the Internet and computational resources. Although they are tightly interconnected, it is difficult to evaluate their degree of interdependence. Keeping up with the pace of technology can be a challenging task, mainly when updating the hardware and software infrastructure. Every day, corporations and governments are faced with this issue; most have been victims of cyber attacks, security breaches, and data leaks. The consequences are significant in monetary losses; damage remediation is unattainable, even impossible, in certain circumstances. The repercussions might include reputational damage, legal responsibility, and threats to national security (when attacks are carried out against critical infrastructures to control the resources of a country), to name a few. Similarly, data has become such an integral part of many industries that it is one of the most critical targets for attackers that often is encrypted by ransomware, stolen, or corrupted. Without data, many companies are not be able to continue operating as they do. The combination of all these factors complicates the ability of organizations to cooperate, trust, and share information in efforts to research and develop solutions for industry and government. A promising technology can assist in significantly reducing the damage caused by the security threats outlined above: Blockchain technology has proven to be one of the most promising inventions of the twenty-first century for transmitting and protecting information while offering high reliability and availability, low exposure to attacks, protected encrypted data, and accessible to the entities willing to participate. Blockchain enabled the possibility to embed immutable data and compiled source code known as ‘smart contract’ where certain rules can be programmed to create business workflows. This thesis report proposes a Blockchain-based infrastructure solution provided by ”Hyperledger Fabric” technology for companies to securely transmit and share information using the latest encryption and data storage technologies operating on the model of distributed systems and smart contracts. By presenting unique digital assets as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), the infrastructure is able to trust the integrity of the data, while protecting it from counterfeiting. Through the use of a Blockchain-based file storage system known as IPFS, and by connecting all the relevant elements together through a web-based application, it is possible to demonstrate that the implementation of such systems is feasible, highly scalable and a useful tool that many organizations can utilize to create new work systems and workflows for digital asset management

Blockchain Software Verification and Optimization

In the last decade, blockchain technology has undergone a strong evolution. The maturity reached and the consolidation obtained have aroused the interest of companies and businesses, transforming it into a possible response to various industrial needs. However, the lack of standards and tools for the development and maintenance of blockchain software leaves open challenges and various possibilities for improvements. The goal of this thesis is to tackle some of the challenges proposed by blockchain technology, to design and implement analysis, processes, and architectures that may be applied in the real world. In particular, two topics are addressed: the verification of the blockchain software and the code optimization of smart contracts. As regards the verification, the thesis focuses on the original developments of tools and analyses able to detect statically, i.e. without code execution, issues related to non-determinism, untrusted cross-contracts invocation, and numerical overflow/underflow. Moreover, an approach based on on-chain verification is investigated, to proactively involve the blockchain in verifying the code before and after its deployment. For the optimization side, the thesis describes an optimization process for the code translation from Solidity language to Takamaka, also proposing an efficient algorithm to compute snapshots for fungible and non-fungible tokens. The results of this thesis are an important first step towards improving blockchain software development, empirically demonstrating the applicability of the proposed approaches and their involvement also in the industrial field

Blockchain for Business Process Enactment: A Taxonomy and Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain has been proposed to facilitate the enactment of interorganisational business processes. For such processes, blockchain can guarantee the enforcement of rules and the integrity of execution traces - without the need for a centralised trusted party. However, the enactment of interorganisational processes pose manifold challenges. In this work, we ask what answers the research field offers in response to those challenges. To do so, we conduct a systematic literature review (SLR). As our guiding question, we investigate the guarantees and capabilities of blockchain-based enactment approaches. Based on resulting empirical evidence, we develop a taxonomy for blockchain-based enactment. We find that a wide range of approaches support traceability and correctness; however, research focusing on flexibility and scalability remains nascent. For all challenges, we point towards future research opportunities.Comment: Preprint, Accepted at BPM 2022, Blockchain Foru

OpenDSU: Digital Sovereignty in PharmaLedger

Distributed ledger networks, chiefly those based on blockchain technologies, currently are heralding a next generation of computer systems that aims to suit modern users' demands. Over the recent years, several technologies for blockchains, off-chaining strategies, as well as decentralised and respectively self-sovereign identity systems have shot up so fast that standardisation of the protocols is lagging behind, severely hampering the interoperability of different approaches. Moreover, most of the currently available solutions for distributed ledgers focus on either home users or enterprise use case scenarios, failing to provide integrative solutions addressing the needs of both. Herein we introduce the OpenDSU platform that allows to interoperate generic blockchain technologies, organised - and possibly cascaded in a hierarchical fashion - in domains. To achieve this flexibility, we seamlessly integrated a set of well conceived OpenDSU components to orchestrate off-chain data with granularly resolved and cryptographically secure access levels that are nested with sovereign identities across the different domains. Employing our platform to PharmaLedger, an inter-European network for the standardisation of data handling in the pharmaceutical industry and in healthcare, we demonstrate that OpenDSU can cope with generic demands of heterogeneous use cases in both, performance and handling substantially different business policies. Importantly, whereas available solutions commonly require a pre-defined and fixed set of components, no such vendor lock-in restrictions on the blockchain technology or identity system exist in OpenDSU, making systems built on it flexibly adaptable to new standards evolving in the future.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

DMS : A Smart Contract for Decentralized Music Streaming Business on Ethereum-based Blockchain Network

วิทยาศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต (วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์), 2565Managing royalty fees in the music business is the task that is done by record labels, music retailers, and performance-right organization firms. Royalty fees are mostly distributed in a centralized manner. A centralizedbased approach may be straightforward for managing a music business. However, a centralized-based approach prevents artists to be able to set their revenue model for their music and getting paid promptly. To allow an artist to have freedom in setting their revenue model, a decentralized-based approach may need to be proposed. In this work, we propose to apply Blockchain and Smart Contract in the music business to propose a decentralized-based music streaming service that allows artists can independently design their royalty fee model and get paid promptly. Our proposal is based on an extension of ERC20 and ERC721 standards on writing a smart contract. Our proposal is deployed and tested in a private Ethereumbased blockchain in a laboratory-controlled environment to determine the feasibility and gas fee required. The result suggests that the business logic required in our contract does not consume a high amount of gas fee. Hence, it can be deemed that our contract design is suitable for deploying in an actual decentralized-based music streaming service.การจัดการค่าลิขสิทธิ์ในธุรกิจเพลงเป็นงานที่ทําโดยค่ายเพลง ผู้ค้าปลีกเพลง และบริษัท องค์กร performance-rights organization ที่จัดการค่าลิขสิทธิ์จากสื่อออนไลน์ ค่าลิขสิทธิ์ส่วน ใหญ่จะกระจายในลักษณะรวมศูนย์ แนวทางแบบรวมศูนย์อาจตรงไปตรงมาสําหรับการจัดการธุรกิจ เพลง อย่างไรก็ตาม วิธีการแบบรวมศูนย์ทําให้ศิลปินไม่สามารถกําหนดรูปแบบรายได้สําหรับเพลง ของตนและรับเงินได้ทันที เพื่อให้ศิลปินมีอิสระในการกําหนดรูปแบบรายได้ อาจจําเป็นต้องเสนอ แนวทางแบบกระจายอํานาจ ในงานนี้ ผู้วิจัยได้เสนอให้ใช้ Blockchain และ Smart Contract ใน ธุรกิจเพลงเพื่อเสนอบริการสตรีมเพลงแบบกระจายศูนย์ ซึ่งช่วยให้ศิลปินสามารถออกแบบรูปแบบ ค่าลิขสิทธิ์ของตนเองได้อย่างอิสระและรับเงินทันที ข้อเสนอของเราอิงจากการขยายมาตรฐาน ERC20 และ ERC721 ในการเขียนสัญญาอัจฉริยะ ข้อเสนอของงานวิจัยนี้ถูกนําไปใช้และทดสอบในบล็อกเชน ส่วนตัวบน Ethereum ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่ควบคุมโดยห้องปฏิบัติการเพื่อกําหนดความเป็นไปได้และ ค่าธรรมเนียม gas ที่จําเป็น ผลลัพธ์แสดงให้เห็นว่าตรรกะทางธุรกิจที่จําเป็นในสัญญาของเรานั้นไม่ เสียค่าธรรมเนียม gas ในปริมาณที่สูง ดังนั้นจึงถือได้ว่าการออกแบบสัญญาของเราเหมาะสําหรับการ ปรับใช้ในบริการสตรีมเพลงแบบกระจายศูนย์จริ