Sprachenpolitik als Sicherheitsproblem in der Ukraine

This paper presents the design, implementation, and measurements of a complete electronic frontend intended for high-resolution spatial detection of ion beams at counting rates higher than 106 particles per second (p/s). The readout system is made up of three main multichannel building blocks, namely, a transimpedance preamplifier, a signal-conditioning line receiver, and a charge-to-digital converter, as well as some off-the-shelf components. The preamplifier and the line receiver have been specifically designed and optimized to minimize the overlapping probability of ion beams tracking, at high counting rates, in low-pressure gaseous secondary electron detectors. Experimental results are shown, considering α particles sources and particles beams, featuring an adaptive shaping time frame of 170-230 ns with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of up to 25 dB. These performance metrics are competitive with the state of the art, demonstrating the suitability of the reported data acquisition and instrumentation system for precise and fast particle tracking detection

4-Dimensional Tracking with Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors

The evolution of particle detectors has always pushed the technological limit in order to provide enabling technologies to researchers in all fields of science. One archetypal example is the evolution of silicon detectors, from a system with a few channels 30 years ago, to the tens of millions of independent pixels currently used to track charged particles in all major particle physics experiments. Nowadays, silicon detectors are ubiquitous not only in research laboratories but in almost every high-tech apparatus, from portable phones to hospitals. In this contribution, we present a new direction in the evolution of silicon detectors for charge particle tracking, namely the inclusion of very accurate timing information. This enhancement of the present silicon detector paradigm is enabled by the inclusion of controlled low gain in the detector response, therefore increasing the detector output signal sufficiently to make timing measurement possible. After providing a short overview of the advantage of this new technology, we present the necessary conditions that need to be met for both sensor and readout electronics in order to achieve 4-dimensional tracking. In the last section we present the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of our research path.Comment: 72 pages, 3 tables, 55 figure

Technical Design Report for PANDA Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC)

This document presents the technical layout and the envisaged performance of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) for the PANDA target spectrometer. The EMC has been designed to meet the physics goals of the PANDA experiment. The performance figures are based on extensive prototype tests and radiation hardness studies. The document shows that the EMC is ready for construction up to the front-end electronics interface

Measurement of the electron transmission rate of the gating foil for the TPC of the ILC experiment

We have developed a gating foil for the time projection chamber envisaged as a central tracker for the international linear collider experiment. It has a structure similar to the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) with a higher optical aperture ratio and functions as an ion gate without gas amplification. The transmission rate for electrons was measured in a counting mode for a wide range of the voltages applied across the foil using an $^{55}$Fe source and a laser in the absence of a magnetic field. The blocking power of the foil against positive ions was estimated from the electron transmissions.Comment: 25 pages containing 14 figures and 1 tabl

Segmented scintillation detectors with silicon photomultiplier readout for measuring antiproton annihilations

The Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility of CERN constructed segmented scintillators to detect and track the charged pions which emerge from antiproton annihilations in a future superconducting radiofrequency Paul trap for antiprotons. A system of 541 cast and extruded scintillator bars were arranged in 11 detector modules which provided a spatial resolution of 17 mm. Green wavelength-shifting fibers were embedded in the scintillators, and read out by silicon photomultipliers which had a sensitive area of 1 x 1 mm^2. The photoelectron yields of various scintillator configurations were measured using a negative pion beam of momentum p ~ 1 GeV/c. Various fibers and silicon photomultipliers, fiber end terminations, and couplings between the fibers and scintillators were compared. The detectors were also tested using the antiproton beam of the AD. Nonlinear effects due to the saturation of the silicon photomultiplier were seen at high annihilation rates of the antiprotons.Comment: Copyright 2014 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol.85, Issue 2, 2014 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.486364

Test of a low noise/ low power preamplifer for the PANDA Electromagnetic Calorimeter

This thesis project was carried out in department of physics (Division of exper- imental nuclear and particle physics), University of Basel, Switzerland. The PANDA (Anti-proton Annihilations at Darmstadt) experiment is one of the biggest projects at the new FAIR (Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research) facility in Darmstadt. The main purpose of the PANDA experiment is to study Hadron spectroscopy, Nucleon structure and Hyper-nuclei using the interaction between antiprotons and protons (as fixed target). Scientists were working successfully on the idea of antiproton projects at LEAR/CERN and the Fermi- lab antiproton accumulator, which lead to initiate the PANDA project. The University of Basel (Physics department) is collaborating in the PANDA project in particular on the design and test of special preamplifier circuits for the readout of the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) which is a major sub- unit of the detector. The Forward part of the EMC consists of 3856 PWO II crystals and each crystal will be equipped either with one Vacuum-Photo- Tetrode (VPTT) or with two Large Area Avalanche Photo-diodes (LAAPDs). For the readout of the PANDA EMC, special types of pre-amplifiers (LNP) are needed to be developed. Some of the development for low noise/ low power (LNP) preamplifier has already been done at Basel University (Physics department). The expected timeline for the further development, production, testing and sorting of LNP would end in 2015