Air Traffic Control

Improving air traffic control and air traffic management is currently one of the top priorities of the global research and development agenda. Massive, multi-billion euro programs like SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) in Europe and NextGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System) in the United States are on their way to create an air transportation system that meets the demands of the future. Air traffic control is a multi-disciplinary field that attracts the attention of many researchers, ranging from pure mathematicians to human factors specialists, and even in the legal and financial domains the optimization and control of air transport is extensively studied. This book, by no means intended to be a basic, formal introduction to the field, for which other textbooks are available, includes nine chapters that demonstrate the multi-disciplinary character of the air traffic control domain

Architecture and Information Requirements to Assess and Predict Flight Safety Risks During Highly Autonomous Urban Flight Operations

As aviation adopts new and increasingly complex operational paradigms, vehicle types, and technologies to broaden airspace capability and efficiency, maintaining a safe system will require recognition and timely mitigation of new safety issues as they emerge and before significant consequences occur. A shift toward a more predictive risk mitigation capability becomes critical to meet this challenge. In-time safety assurance comprises monitoring, assessment, and mitigation functions that proactively reduce risk in complex operational environments where the interplay of hazards may not be known (and therefore not accounted for) during design. These functions can also help to understand and predict emergent effects caused by the increased use of automation or autonomous functions that may exhibit unexpected non-deterministic behaviors. The envisioned monitoring and assessment functions can look for precursors, anomalies, and trends (PATs) by applying model-based and data-driven methods. Outputs would then drive downstream mitigation(s) if needed to reduce risk. These mitigations may be accomplished using traditional design revision processes or via operational (and sometimes automated) mechanisms. The latter refers to the in-time aspect of the system concept. This report comprises architecture and information requirements and considerations toward enabling such a capability within the domain of low altitude highly autonomous urban flight operations. This domain may span, for example, public-use surveillance missions flown by small unmanned aircraft (e.g., infrastructure inspection, facility management, emergency response, law enforcement, and/or security) to transportation missions flown by larger aircraft that may carry passengers or deliver products. Caveat: Any stated requirements in this report should be considered initial requirements that are intended to drive research and development (R&D). These initial requirements are likely to evolve based on R&D findings, refinement of operational concepts, industry advances, and new industry or regulatory policies or standards related to safety assurance

Multi-authored monograph

Unmanned aerial vehicles. Perspectives. Management. Power supply : Multi-authored monograph / V. V. Holovenskiy, T. F. Shmelova,Y. M. Shmelev and oth.; Science Editor DSc. (Engineering), T. F. Shmelova. – Warsaw, 2019. – 100 p. - ISBN 978-83-66216-10-5.У монографії аналізуються можливі варіанти енергопостачання та управління безпілотними літальними апаратами. Також розглядається питання прийняття рішення оператором безпілотного літального апарату при управлінні у надзвичайних ситуаціях. Рекомендується для фахівців, аспірантів і студентів за спеціальностями 141 - «Електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка», 173 - «Авіоніка» та інших суміжних спеціальностей.The monograph analyzes the possible options for energy supply and control of unmanned aerial vehicles. Also, the issue of decision-making by the operator of an unmanned aerial vehicle in the management of emergencies is considered.

Social work with airports passengers

Social work at the airport is in to offer to passengers social services. The main methodological position is that people are under stress, which characterized by a particular set of characteristics in appearance and behavior. In such circumstances passenger attracts in his actions some attention. Only person whom he trusts can help him with the documents or psychologically

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 247)

This bibliography lists 437 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in December, 1989. Subject coverage includes: design, construction and testing of aircraft and aircraft engines; aircraft components, equipment and systems; ground support systems; and theoretical and applied aspects of aerodynamics and general fluid dynamics

Classification and reduction of pilot error

Human error is a primary or contributing factor in about two-thirds of commercial aviation accidents worldwide. With the ultimate goal of reducing pilot error accidents, this contract effort is aimed at understanding the factors underlying error events and reducing the probability of certain types of errors by modifying underlying factors such as flight deck design and procedures. A review of the literature relevant to error classification was conducted. Classification includes categorizing types of errors, the information processing mechanisms and factors underlying them, and identifying factor-mechanism-error relationships. The classification scheme developed by Jens Rasmussen was adopted because it provided a comprehensive yet basic error classification shell or structure that could easily accommodate addition of details on domain-specific factors. For these purposes, factors specific to the aviation environment were incorporated. Hypotheses concerning the relationship of a small number of underlying factors, information processing mechanisms, and error types types identified in the classification scheme were formulated. ASRS data were reviewed and a simulation experiment was performed to evaluate and quantify the hypotheses

Automation Concept for Cockpit Crew Integration into Trajectory-Based Dispatch Towing

International hub airports are commonly the bottleneck of commercial airline flight operations. Social and political constraints often inhibit construction expansions of the surface infrastructure. Consequent airport congestion leads to increased taxi times, causing delays as well as additional fuel consumption and emissions. Surface trajectory-based operations (STBO), which are addressed by current research activities, reduce taxi times by introducing time or speed constraints along the taxi route. However, present-day aircraft are not equipped with technologies enabling the precise execution of predefined continuous speed profiles. This thesis proposes a retro-fit concept named trajectory-based dispatch towing (TBDT), which allows present-day aircraft to execute STBO without extensive modifications. The concept suggests a further automated version of the novel towing vehicle TaxiBot as the enabling technology. Combined with an innovative cockpit application running on an electronic flight bag (EFB), the envisaged tractor shall support pilots of conventional aircraft to maneuver according to dynamic trajectories. Following an analysis of conventional taxi operations, scenarios for the successive introduction of TBDT are developed. The consecutive steps focus on the integration of pilots into the designed taxi procedures. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the general feasibility of TBDT and to evaluate different automation modes from the perspective of the cockpit crew. The iterative approach includes expert interviews and preliminary simulator trials. Qualitative feedback and quantitative measurements support the development of a prototypical human-machine interface (HMI) intended to run on an EFB. This graphical interface is supplemented by soft- and hardware implementations as well as an automatic control concept realized in the flight research simulator, D-AERO, at the Institute of Flight Systems and Automatic Control (FSR) of Technische Universität Darmstadt. Based on this setup, 24 commercial airline pilots participated in the main simulator campaign. By means of a repeated measures design, every pilot completed one conventional taxi run and four TBDT operations. The TBDT runs differ with regard to automated or manual steering, braking, and their corresponding combinations. The trials investigate the interference of the automation modes and the aspects of performance, traffic awareness, user satisfaction, and acceptance of the pilots. The results of objective and subjective measurements indicate that all considered automation modes are generally suitable for executing TBDT. Furthermore, possible automation of the steering control has no significant effect on the measurements. On the contrary, the automation of brake input during TBDT results in enhanced performance and traffic awareness. The analysis of questionnaires shows a correlation between the expected safety benefit and the willingness of the pilots to hand over the speed control to an automated instance. The evaluation results allow for both the detection of the feasibility of the concept as well as for the formulation of advice regarding the aspired amount of automation. The thesis is complemented by recommendations regarding future development and research activities