Concentrated Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology for Multiband Operation in Handset Devices

The current demand in the handset antenna field requires multiband antennas due to the existence of multiple communication standards and the emergence of new ones. At the same time, antennas with reduced dimensions are strongly required in order to be easily integrated. In this sense, the paper proposes a compact radiating system that uses two non-resonant elements to properly excite the ground plane to solve the abovementioned shortcomings by minimizing the required Printed Circuit Board (PCB) area while ensuring a multiband performance. These non-resonant elements are called here ground plane boosters since they excite an efficient mode of the ground plane. The proposed radiating system comprises two ground plane boosters of small dimensions of 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm. One is in charge of the low frequency region (0.824-0.960 GHz) and the other is in charge of the high frequency region (1.710-2.170 GHz). With the aim of achieving a compact configuration, the two boosters are placed close to each other in a corner of the ground plane of a handset device (concentrated architecture). Several experiments related to the coupling between boosters have been carried out in two different platforms (barphone and smartphone), and the best position and the required matching network are presented. The novel proposal achieves multiband performance at GSM850/900/1800/1900 and UMTS

SMALL SIZE COUPLING FEED AND INDUCTIVE SHORTING ANTENNA FOR WIDE BANDWIDTH, INCREASED GAIN AND EFFICIENCY WITH LOW SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE (SAR) OPERATION

Day by day technology is changing our lives rapidly. With these radical changes, demands in communication industry are also increasing drastically. To cope up with these demands, 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE (Long Term Evolution) communication systems have been introduced. Modern cellular phone should be capable to operate in wide range of frequency spectrum for their global access to provide end user customers these communication services. Hence mobile antennas should be designed in such a way that they should generate wideband operation. But commercially available standalone mobile antennas aren’t capable to operate in all those communication systems, several antennas are used to get complete communication solution. Different ways have been proposed to obtain wide operation for cellular antennas. Antenna performance characteristics widely depends on the substrates characteristics and their dimensional specifications. The dielectric constant of the substrate along with the loss tangent greatly influence the antenna performance. Different antenna designs have been proposed with the conventional substrates but these conventional substrate in most cases introduces a cumbersome design specification. Polyimide aerogel with their extreme low dielectric constant and low loss tangent can be used as mobile phone circuit board. Capacitive coupled and inductive shorting monopole antenna can be considered as an RLC circuit that generates multiple resonances which enable wide operation in cellular communications. A simple planar slotted capacitive coupled and inductive shorting monopole antenna along with polyimide aerogel as substrate suitable for ten wideband mobile phone operations is presented. These low dielectric constant polyimide aerogel antennas offer wide bandwidth, higher gain and lower mass as compared to the conventional substrate. An ultra-wide band operation is obtained through slotted capacitive coupling feed and inductive shorting of the radiating plate to the ground plate. Capacitive coupling generates high frequency resonance at 1.84 GHz whereas inductive shorting to the ground plate generates low frequency resonance at 780 MHz with an additional resonance at 1.07 GHz due to the effect of higher resonance at 1.84 GHz. This proposed antenna covers a wide band 695 - 2845 MHz that includes ten LTE (LTE700/2300/2500), WWAN (GSM850/900, DCS1800, and PCS1900), GPS and WLAN bands at a 3:1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) of this proposed antenna is below the SAR standard is presented at the end with the phantom head model. Due to the low dielectric constant of the polyimide aerogel, gain and radiation efficiency are increased while SAR is significantly below the SAR standard for the entire ultra-wide band

Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications. Simulation and Measurement of Balanced Antennas for Mobile Handsets, investigating Specific Absorption Rate when operated near the human body, and a Coplanar Waveguide alternative to the Balanced Feed.

The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz), PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000 ¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Design and Analysis of Various Handset Antennas with the Aid of HFSS

In this thesis, an attempt is made to present the design of handset antennas, the proposed handset acts as a thin wire model that represents the backbone of the final antenna. The designed antenna parameters are subjected to optimization to fit into the desired frequency bands. Different antenna types are used, such as wire antennas and planar antennas designed using theHFSS.The design of basic antennas for handset applications, experimented with a simple monopole and dipole in a 3-D form. The monopole and dipole used in handset antennas provides multi-band and broadband properties that cover the desired frequency bands in the handset antennas. The design experiment and analysis of a continuous and unbroken metal rimmed antenna with a monopole which is directly fed with a patch acts as aloo antenna in smart phone applications is proposed. The antenna proposed here provides a straight forward and a good multi-band antenna result for anprotected metal rimmed smart phone. The protected rim and two no-ground portions are set on the both the top and bottom sides of the system circuit board, respectively. The system ground is surrounded between the two no ground portions which are connected to the metal rim with a small grounded patch which divides the unbroken metal rim into two strips. Atlast the dualloop antenna is formed by adjusting the ground plane and the micro strip ina proper way. The design antenna is operated on several number of GSM bands.The second design is study of a balanced antenna with folded architecturefor mobile handset applications with dual-frequency performance (2.40 GHzand 5.00 GHz) for WLAN applications are discussed. The thin-strip planardipole is used as an antenna with folded architecture and two arms on eachmonopole. The folded architectures one on the left and other on the rightacts as a dipole and are capable of providing the multiple bands .The antenna performance is featured by using the antenna radiation pattern,returnloss, power gain and surface current distribution of the antenna. The parametric studies are carried out by varying the antenna height and width of1 mm each, the parameters are optimized for steered impedance matchingwithin the range of frequency bands for both the WLAN and short distance communication systems.The third design is focused on the frequency band (1.8 GHz to 2.45 GHz)in which the balanced antenna for applications of mobile handsets with abandwidth of highly improved performance. The slot planar dipole is usedan antenna here with folded architecture and is having a dual arm on boththe sides of the ground plane. The S-parameter method is used to findthe antenna impedance. In order to obtain the power gain measurementin the antenna.The balanced feed from an unbalanced source is supportedby planar balun which is of wide bandwidth to get the desired gain. The results measured provides a good agreement and also provides good wideband characteristic

MIMO ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE HANDSET AND TABLET APPLICATIONS.

PhDThe fast development of wireless communication technologies is pressing the antenna engineers to investigate and design compact multiband antennas for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which is the key technology for the next generation of mobile communications. The growing increase in the demand for transmitting and exchanging large volume data, such as multimedia and interactive materials is constantly fueling the need for higher data rates. MIMO systems have demonstrated the capability to increase channel capacity, with a simultaneous increase in range and reliability, without taking any additional bandwidth thus resulting in improved data throughput. However, the performance of a MIMO system is highly dependent on the nature of its propagation environment and the placement of antennas on device platform. The true benefits of MIMO can be exploited through a smart design that can adapt with changing system requirements or environmental conditions. This research project has investigated the methods to make multiband MIMO and multiband reconfigurable antennas on small mobile terminals with high communication performance. This involves the methods for avoiding coupling between multiple antennas and possible tuning of the antennas for next generation mobile handsets. The aim of this work is to develop MIMO and reconfigurable antennas for wireless terminals such as mobile handsets and tablets. The project is divided in two phases with the first phase involving the development of multiband MIMO antennas for handheld terminals and the second phase involves the design of reconfigurable antenna for mobile handsets. Several prototypes of handset antennas, capable of covering various cellular frequency bands, have been developed. The research involves a substantial work on theoretical analysis, computer simulation and experimental verification

Analysis and design of antennas for wireless communications using modal methods

El diseño de antenas para los nuevos sistemas de comunicaciones inalámbricas ha suscitado un creciente interés en los últimos años. El principal objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es la propuesta de un método general de diseño de antenas para sistemas de comunicaciones inalámbricas que proporcione una visión física del proceso de diseño. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se propone el uso de un método basado en la descomposición modal de la corriente en la superficie del cuerpo conductor. Los modos tienen la ventaja de proporcionar una visión más física del comportamiento radiante de la antena, así como información muy útil para la optimización de la geometría de la antena y para la selección del mecanismo óptimo de alimentación y su localización. En la Tesis se realizará una revisión de los diferentes métodos modales disponibles, así como de los parámetros más importantes a tratar cuando se trabaja con soluciones modales. Además, se investigará un método para obtener expresiones cerradas para las corrientes superficiales en objetos conductores planos abiertos. Como se verá, los objetos planos con formas canónicas se pueden interpretar en muchas ocasiones como deformaciones de objetos tridimensionales cuyas superficies coinciden con las de algunos de los sistemas de coordenadas curvilíneas. De esta forma, se obtendrán expresiones cerradas para los modos vectoriales en un disco conductor circular y una tira plana infinita. Estas funciones se propondrán como funciones base de dominio completo en problemas más complejos que incluyan este tipo de superficies planas. Los modos de corriente definidos a partir de las funciones de onda vectoriales son de naturaleza compleja, lo que dificulta en ocasiones su uso para el diseño de antenas. Por el contrario, la Teoría de los Modos Característicos proporciona una descomposición de la corriente total en la superficie de un cuerpo conductor de forma arbitraria en un conjunto de modos reales, cuyos diagramas de radiación son ortogonalesAntonino Daviu, E. (2008). Analysis and design of antennas for wireless communications using modal methods [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2188Palanci

Compact dual-loop antenna for multiband operation in sensor devices

The aim of this Bachelor Thesis is to design, simulate and optimize a compact dual-loop antenna in order to have resonant frequencies in the bands 800-1000 MHz and 1700-1900 MHz, suitable to be integrated within sensors. Due to the rising number of smart interconnected devices that operate at different frequency bands, constituting what is known as the Internet of Things, it is necessary to provide with an antenna that not only enables communication - regardless the location -in an efficient way, but also that is cost-effective, easy to produce and durable. For this purpose, a first design was implemented, following the article [1] “Folded DualLoop Antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS Mobile Handset Applications”. To analyse its behaviour throughout the simulations, the software tool CST Microwave Studio (Computer Simulation Technology) was employed. During this project, several optimizations were realized along with the design process so as to have the antenna working for the two main frequency bands employed by the wireless systems: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM: 890–960 MHz) and, Digital Cellular System (DCS: 1710–1880 MHz); taking into account as well the casing effects of the sensor device. Once the performance of the proposed design complied with the requirements with 10 dB return loss, the antenna was fabricated. In order to validate the previous simulation results’ accuracy, the antenna was measured with and without its resin casing, physically representing the same design that was developed at CST Microwave Studio. Finally, the presented design proved to achieve good results and fractional bandwidth at a lower cost when compared to existing solutions for internal antennas within sensor devices.El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es diseñar, simular, y optimizar una antena compacta de doble lazo para obtener frecuencias de resonancia en las bandas 8001000 MHz y 1700-1900 MHz, apta para ser integrada con sensores. Debido al creciente número de dispositivos inteligentes interconectados que operan en diferentes bandas de frecuencia, constituyendo lo que se conoce como el Internet de las Cosas, es necesario producir una antena que no sólo habilite la comunicación - independientemente de la localización - de una manera eficiente, sino que también sea rentable, fácil de producir y duradera. Para este propósito, se implementó un primer diseño, siguiendo el artículo [1] “Folded Dual-Loop Antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS Mobile Handset Applications”. Para analizar su comportamiento a través de las simulaciones, se utilizó la herramienta de software CST Microwave Studio (Tecnología de Simulación Computacional). Durante este proyecto, varias optimizaciones se llevaron a cabo junto con el proceso de diseño para tener una antena funcionando en las dos bandas principales de frecuencia utilizadas por los sistemas inalámbricos: Sistema Global de Comunicaciones Móviles (GSM: 890–960 MHz) y, Sistema Celular Digital (DCS: 1710–1880 MHz); teniendo también en cuenta los efectos de la carcasa del sensor. Una vez que el comportamiento del diseño propuesto cumplía con los requisitos para pérdidas de retorno a 10 dB, la antena fue fabricada. Para validar la exactitud de los resultados de simulación previos, la antena se midió no sólo con su carcasa de resina sino también sin ella, representando físicamente el mismo diseño desarrollado en CST Microwave Studio. Finalmente, el diseño presentado demostró conseguir buenos resultados y ancho de banda fraccional a un coste más bajo al compararse con soluciones existentes para antenas internas en dispositivos con sensores

The design of multi-band planar inverted-F antennas for mobile handsets with the aid of a novel genetic algorithm and their specific absorption rate

Wireless communications have progressed very rapidly in recent years and mobile handsets are becoming smaller and smaller. Present-day mobile cellular communication systems include combinations of the AMPS, GSM-900, DCS-l800, PCS-1900, UMTS, and WLANs in the 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz bands. User requirements for access to the various aforementioned wireless telecommunication services have resulted in a rapid technological push to unify these different systems in a drastically decreased size single mobile handset. All this combined with strict limitations set for the energy absorbed by the users of mobile terminals has created a need for improved antenna solutions and better understanding of small antennas. The objective of this thesis is to develop novel multi-band handset antenna design solutions to satisfy the specific bandwidth requirements of mobile cellular communication systems. [Continues.

2009 Index IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters Vol. 8

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author\u27s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors\u27 names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author\u27s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index