Applying a learning design methodology in the flipped classroom approach – empowering teachers to reflect and design for learning

One of the recent developments in teaching that heavily relies on current technology is the “flipped classroom” approach. In a flipped classroom the traditional lecture and homework sessions are inverted. Students are provided with online material in order to gain necessary knowledge before class, while class time is devoted to clarifications and application of this knowledge. The hypothesis is that there could be deep and creative discussions when teacher and students physically meet. This paper discusses how the learning design methodology can be applied to represent, share and guide educators through flipped classroom designs. In order to discuss the opportunities arising by this approach, the different components of the Learning Design – Conceptual Map (LD-CM) are presented and examined in the context of the flipped classroom. It is shown that viewing the flipped classroom through the lens of learning design can promote the use of theories and methods to evaluate its effect on the achievement of learning objectives, and that it may draw attention to the employment of methods to gather learner responses. Moreover, a learning design approach can enforce the detailed description of activities, tools and resources used in specific flipped classroom models, and it can make educators more aware of the decisions that have to be taken and people who have to be involved when designing a flipped classroom. By using the LD-CM, this paper also draws attention to the importance of characteristics and values of different stakeholders (i.e. institutions, educators, learners, and external agents), which influence the design and success of flipped classrooms. Moreover, it looks at the teaching cycle from a flipped instruction model perspective and adjusts it to cater for the reflection loops educators are involved when designing, implementing and re-designing a flipped classroom. Finally, it highlights the effect of learning design on the guidance, representation and sharing of flipped designs and how such an effect can move forward research on the flipped classroom

Implementing Holistic and Humanistic Approaches in a Remote Flipped English Translation Module

A holistic approach encourages meaningful learning, creativity, risk-taking, and mutual empathy within a learning environment and challenges the traditional pedagogical approaches based on mono-referential methods. Rethinking these approaches entails placing learners at the core of the teaching process, including their inner personal spheres. Grounded in a case study of an Italian university setting, this study underlines the contribution to learner centrality of holistic and humanistic approaches to flipped learning and suggests how to implement such an approach in a remote English translation module. The study was conducted via a structured questionnaire completed anonymously by 148 Italian students aged 18–19 at the end of their English module. The outcomes highlighted the students’ appreciation of the holistic approach combined with a humanistic teaching approach (HTA), which they perceived as pushing the boundaries of formal, mono-referential teacher–learner relationships while maintaining these roles. The present study thus holds implications for the wider teacher community regarding the benefits and challenges of implementing flipped learning with an HTA in other translation courses or modules. Rather than simply guiding and assisting students in learning for themselves, teachers have a crucial role as holistic learning facilitators. By redesigning a typical flipped learning class, the study enhances teachers’ awareness of this role and provides insightful suggestions on how holistic and humanistic approaches can be applied in remote English translation teaching

How do students become self-directed learners in the EFL flipped-class pedagogy? A study in higher education

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of implementing a Learning Management System (LMS) ‘TES BlendSpace’ to promote students’ self-directed learning in EFL flipped-class instruction. For the data collection procedure, an individual interview with ten undergraduate students from an Indonesian college was conducted to demonstrate the potential impacts of the LMS in students’ self-directed learning abilities. The observation of students’ learning activities on the TES BlendSpace was also recorded to support the interview data. The LMS was adopted to distribute and receive information. Thus, the students were able to monitor learning activities, learn the contents before coming to class, evaluate the learning process, and interact with others outside of class hours. The finding of this study suggests that the LMS TES BlendSpace is recommended to be performed in teaching EFL for higher education in Indonesia. It offers students’ occasion to practice and enhances their listening, writing, reading and vocabulary skills in and out-of-class times. It also prepares students to get ready for classroom activities in terms of conversations and speaking skills. The further use of the LMSs should become often-visited sites by students for learning activities and replacing other non-educational favorite websites. The finding of this study indicates that the students’ online culture was predominantly formed by the interesting contents posting on the LMS, especially the video lectures and an easy way to use. Additionally, instructors should develop activities in and around the LMS with a number of benefits and rewards. Hence, the students will be motivated to log in the LMS for learning purposes

Enseñanza de la Historia durante Covid-19: Informe sobre una ruta de aprendizaje asistida por computadoras y dispositivos móviles para las habilidades del siglo XXI

We present a report regarding the experience of a first-year classroom in an Italian Liceo during the semi-lockdown (students in weekly rotation), then full lockdown at school. The aim was to create a participatory environment, to give all students the opportunity to promote concrete knowledge and develop 21st century skills, starting from the learning ones. For this purpose, cooperative peers in flipped classroom were invited to: read and see teacher’s selected sources (also for 3D visors); write an online document (Word), answering peers’ questions; create a digital storytelling of the topic to present orally online, collaborating through social media (WhatsApp) and collaborative online tools; and finally, complete a quiz (Quizziz). The obtained results concern: the engagement of the classroom, which fosters all students’ essential understanding and knowledge; inclusion of weaknesses through their active role in cooperation; inclusion of mobile-phones as a democratic tool; ubiquity of learning, which reduces the distance between online and in-presence schooling; and, above all, fostering the achievement of the 21st century skills, particularly learning-to-learn. For all these reasons, what lockdown teaches will always remain as an important pedagogical lesson.Este informe resume la experiencia de un Liceo Italiano, más exactamente un primer curso, durante la pandemia, razón por la que los alumnos participaron en las clases turnándose semanalmente, o todos en confinamiento. Para promover conocimientos concretos y las habilidades del siglo XXI, desde las de Aprendizaje, en un entorno participativo, se adoptó la clase invertida, en la cual los alumnos tuvieron que: revisar fuentes, también en 3D; escribir un documento en línea (Word), respondiendo a preguntas de compañeros; elaborar una narrativa digital del tema para exponerla oralmente, colaborando a través de redes sociales (WhatsApp) y herramientas colaborativas en línea; finalmente, responder a un cuestionario (Quizziz). Los resultados se refieren a: el compromiso de la clase, para la comprensión y los conocimientos esenciales de los estudiantes; inclusión de debilidades, por su papel activo cooperando; inclusión de los móviles como herramienta democrática; ubicuidad del aprendizaje, que minimiza la distancia entre la educación en línea y presencial; especialmente, fomentar el alcance de las competencias del siglo XXI, principalmente el aprendizaje-para-aprender. Por eso, lo que enseñó el confinamiento siempre será importante didácticamente

Evaluating science teachers' flipped learning readiness: a GETAMEL approach test

Flipped learning has become an ally in education. However, although the literature has identified multiple benefits of using this strategy to improve student learning outcomes, its adoption and implementation by teachers in science education remain scarce. This study examines antecedents of science teachers' flipped teaching readiness to act, aiming to encourage more teachers to use this strategy. The study implemented the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL) approach as the theoretical framework. A cross-sectional research design study, including 398 in-service science teachers, was implemented in five Turkish cities during the first semester of 2022. The results indicated that the GETAMEL approach provided adequate prediction power to explain science teachers' flipped teaching readiness. It was also shown that all hypotheses were supported, and constructs of the conceptual model were significant activators of intention to use the flipped learning approach for science teaching. Moreover, subjective norm, experience, perceived enjoyment, anxiety, and self-efficacy on perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention acted as mediator constructs. Overall, this study guides researchers and practitioners to better comprehend science teachers' flipped teaching readiness