3,957 research outputs found
Mapping Big Data into Knowledge Space with Cognitive Cyber-Infrastructure
Big data research has attracted great attention in science, technology,
industry and society. It is developing with the evolving scientific paradigm,
the fourth industrial revolution, and the transformational innovation of
technologies. However, its nature and fundamental challenge have not been
recognized, and its own methodology has not been formed. This paper explores
and answers the following questions: What is big data? What are the basic
methods for representing, managing and analyzing big data? What is the
relationship between big data and knowledge? Can we find a mapping from big
data into knowledge space? What kind of infrastructure is required to support
not only big data management and analysis but also knowledge discovery, sharing
and management? What is the relationship between big data and science paradigm?
What is the nature and fundamental challenge of big data computing? A
multi-dimensional perspective is presented toward a methodology of big data
computing.Comment: 59 page
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Can requirements be creative? Experiences with an enhanced air space management system
Requirements engineering is a creative process in which stakeholders work together to create ideas for new software systems that are eventually expressed as requirements. This paper reports a workshop that integrated creativity techniques with different types of use case and system context modeling to discover stakeholder requirements for EASM, a future air space management software system to enable the more effective, longer-term planning of UK and European airspace use. The workshop was successful in that it provided a range of outputs that were later assessed for their novelty and usefulness in the final specification of the EASM software. The paper describes the workshop structure, gives examples of outputs from it, and uses these results to answer 2 research questions about the utility of creativity techniques and workshops that had not been answered in previous research
Extending Similarity Measures of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets to General Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
Similarity measures provide one of the core tools that enable reasoning about
fuzzy sets. While many types of similarity measures exist for type-1 and
interval type-2 fuzzy sets, there are very few similarity measures that enable
the comparison of general type-2 fuzzy sets. In this paper, we introduce a
general method for extending existing interval type-2 similarity measures to
similarity measures for general type-2 fuzzy sets. Specifically, we show how
similarity measures for interval type-2 fuzzy sets can be employed in
conjunction with the zSlices based general type-2 representation for fuzzy sets
to provide measures of similarity which preserve all the common properties
(i.e. reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity and overlapping) of the original
interval type-2 similarity measure. We demonstrate examples of such extended
fuzzy measures and provide comparisons between (different types of) interval
and general type-2 fuzzy measures.Comment: International Conference on Fuzzy Systems 2013 (Fuzz-IEEE 2013
Proof-Pattern Recognition and Lemma Discovery in ACL2
We present a novel technique for combining statistical machine learning for
proof-pattern recognition with symbolic methods for lemma discovery. The
resulting tool, ACL2(ml), gathers proof statistics and uses statistical
pattern-recognition to pre-processes data from libraries, and then suggests
auxiliary lemmas in new proofs by analogy with already seen examples. This
paper presents the implementation of ACL2(ml) alongside theoretical
descriptions of the proof-pattern recognition and lemma discovery methods
involved in it
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Understanding analogical reasoning : viewpoints from psychology and related disciplines
Analogy and metaphor have a long history of study in linguistics, education, philosophy and psychology. Consensus over what analogy is or how analogy functions in language and thought, however, has been elusive. This paper, the first in a two part series, examines these various research traditions, attempting to bring out major lines of agreement over the role of analogy in individual human experience. As well as being a general literature review which may be helpful for newcomers to the study of analogy, this paper attempts to extract from these literatures existing theories, models and concepts which may be interesting or useful for computational studies of analogical reasoning
Design processes in morphology theory. The use of analogical and digital tools mapping urban realities
The problem of urban growth and planning is related not only with a technical issue but, moreover, with questions of theories. There is not only a method to design cities. Assuming the vast area of urban morphology theory as a collection of multiple perspectives on the field, is it possible to determine a generative issue?The main question will take into consideration the analysis of urban space as a method of understanding and comparison. For instance, it is necessary to comprehend how the different ways of reading the city lead to a different perception of it. In the era of data, moreover, the dichotomy between analogical and digital analysis of the cities can give to the architect or planner a different perspective flawed by each specific point of view. Therefore, this distinct reading influence in itself the design processes. The primary issue now is to understand how the digital organization of the data and maps are shaping the cities. There are differences between an analogical analysis and a digital one? Are they giving different results? Is it just a matter of tools rather than processes of information? What is the method behind digital analysis and mapping? Can be computer-based analysis neutral? Out of it, there is another issue coming out from the process of simplification: the question of diagrams. Especially inside the mapping process, there can be some space for the diagram as a way of representation of data and urban forces inside the transformation process of the cities
Reasoning abilities and learning math: a Möbius strip?
Long have we known that reasoning abilities are linked to learning, and specifically to learning
mathematics. Even intelligence, considered a controversial construct, plays a significant role in the
research on the explanation of academic performance. This article intends to highlight some
important cognitive abilities or dimensions relevant to learning mathematics, synthesizing some
research that defines such constructs and relates them to mathematical learning and achievement.
General considerations about designing and implementing meaningful learning experiences are
presented
Les Lumières Écossaises et le roman philosophique de Descartes
The paper reconstructs the reception of Descartes's work by the Scottish Enlighteners, from Colin MacLaurin to Dugald Stewart.
The Scots' image of Descartes was a byproduct of a scientific controversy; philosophical arguments were brought into the picture more as asides than as a primary focus of interest. As soon as the Cartesian physics withered away as a real alternative to Newtonian physics, only the philosophical arguments were left, with no memory of the context out of which they originated, and the focus of the discussion shifts from physics to the philosophy of mind and the theory of knowledge
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