10,609 research outputs found

    Systematic overview of economic evaluations of health-related rehabilitation

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    Background: Health related rehabilitation is instrumental in improving functioning and promoting participation by people with disabilities. To make clinical and policy decisions about health-related rehabilitation, resource allocation and cost issues need to be considered. Objectives: To conduct an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) on economic evaluations of health-related rehabilitation. Methods: We searched multiple databases to identify relevant SRs of economic evaluations of health-related rehabilitation. Review quality was assessed by AMSTAR checklist. Results: We included 64 SRs, most of which included economic evaluations alongside randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The review quality was low to moderate (AMSTAR score 5-8) in 35, and high (score 9-11) in 29 of the included SRs. The included SRs addressed various health conditions, including spinal or other pain conditions (n=14), age-related problems (11), stroke (7), musculoskeletal disorders (6), heart diseases (4), pulmonary (3), mental health problems (3), and injury (3). Physiotherapy was the most commonly evaluated rehabilitation intervention in the included SRs (n=24). Other commonly evaluated interventions included multidisciplinary programmes (14); behavioural, educational or psychological interventions (11); home-based interventions (11); complementary therapy (6); self-management (6); and occupational therapy (4). Conclusions: Although the available evidence is often described as limited, inconsistent or inconclusive, some rehabilitation interventions were cost-effective or showed cost-saving in a variety of disability conditions. Available evidence comes predominantly from high income countries, therefore economic evaluations of health-related rehabilitation are urgently required in less resourced settings

    What Is the Evidence to Support the Use of Therapeutic Gardens for the Elderly?

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    Horticulture therapy employs plants and gardening activities in therapeutic and rehabilitation activities and could be utilized to improve the quality of life of the worldwide aging population, possibly reducing costs for long-term, assisted living and dementia unit residents. Preliminary studies have reported the benefits of horticultural therapy and garden settings in reduction of pain, improvement in attention, lessening of stress, modulation of agitation, lowering of as needed medications, antipsychotics and reduction of falls. This is especially relevant for both the United States and the Republic of Korea since aging is occurring at an unprecedented rate, with Korea experiencing some of the world's greatest increases in elderly populations. In support of the role of nature as a therapeutic modality in geriatrics, most of the existing studies of garden settings have utilized views of nature or indoor plants with sparse studies employing therapeutic gardens and rehabilitation greenhouses. With few controlled clinical trials demonstrating the positive or negative effects of the use of garden settings for the rehabilitation of the aging populations, a more vigorous quantitative analysis of the benefits is long overdue. This literature review presents the data supporting future studies of the effects of natural settings for the long term care and rehabilitation of the elderly having the medical and mental health problems frequently occurring with aging

    Nature-based interventions in institutional and organisational settings:A scoping review

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    The objective of this review was to scope the literature on nature-based interventions that could be conducted in institutional settings where people reside full-time for care or rehabilitation purposes. Systematic searches were conducted across CINAHL, Medline, Criminal Justice Abstracts, PsycINFO, Scopus, Social Care Online and Cochrane CENTRAL. A total of 85 studies (reported in 86 articles) were included. Four intervention modalities were identified: Gardening/therapeutic horticulture; animal-assisted therapies; care farming and virtual reality-based simulations of natural environments. The interventions were conducted across a range of settings, including inpatient wards, care homes, prisons and women’s shelters. Generally, favourable impacts were seen across intervention types, although the reported effects varied widely. There is a growing body of literature on nature-based interventions that could be applied to a variety of institutional settings. Within most intervention types, there is sufficient research data available to perform full systematic reviews. Recommendations for future systematic reviews are offered.</p

    Green Care: a Conceptual Framework. A Report of the Working Group on the Health Benefits of Green Care

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    ‘Green Care’ is a range of activities that promotes physical and mental health and well-being through contact with nature. It utilises farms, gardens and other outdoor spaces as a therapeutic intervention for vulnerable adults and children. Green care includes care farming, therapeutic horticulture, animal assisted therapy and other nature-based approaches. These are now the subject of investigation by researchers from many different countries across the world

    Nutraceutical-based integrative medicine: adopting a mediterranean diet pyramid for attaining healthy ageing in veterans with disabilities

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    Veterans with disability represent a big burden worldwide and often require long-term rehabilitation. Unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits, including smoke and alcohol abuse, are common in veterans. In the context of integrative medicine approaches, the "complementary and alternative medicine" has been suggested for the management of chronic diseases. However, the potential risk of interaction between herbal products, dietary supplements and drugs must be considered in veterans. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested as a natural, non-pharmacological nutraceutical for healthy ageing. Although there is a broad consensus on the positive effect of plant foods consumption, the presence of glucosinolates, flavonoids and furanocoumarins in some plant foods and beverages must be taken into consideration owing to their potential interfering with drugs metabolism and bioavailability. Albeit seasonality could ensure the maintenance of the single dose of phytochemical below that at which adverse effects in some individuals genetically predisposed or unpleasant drug interactions in diseased subjects can occur, a personalized nutrition is recommended in veterans who are in treatment for comorbidities. Furthermore, sports practice can lead veterans with motor disabilities and mental impairments to excel in some disciplines, giving rise to the phenomenon of the Paralympics and the development of "recreational therapy". Moreover, outdoor lifestyle, through vitamin D synthesis, and conviviality, improving socialization, could account for the Mediterranean lifestyle health benefits. In this work we propose for veterans a Mediterranean Pyramid, which could be the basis for integrative medicine for veterans with disabilities, patient-centered approaches and interprofessional (including physical medicine and rehabilitation clinicians, pharmacists and nutritionists) interventions

    Integrating the users in the design of a robot for making Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGA) to elderly people in care centers

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    Lisboa, (28-31 de agosto 2017)Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostic instrument that helps provide personalized care to the elderly, by evaluating their physical and mental state. In a social and economic context of growing ageing populations, medical experts can save time and effort if provided with interactive tools to efficiently assist them in doing CGAs, managing standardized tests or data collection. Recent research proposes the use of social robots as the central part of these tools. These robots must be able to unfold all functionalities that questionnaires or motion-based tests require, including natural language, face tracking and monitoring, human motion capture and so on. But another issue is the robot's acceptability and trust by the end-users, both patients (elderly people) and clinicians: the robot needs to be able to engage with the patients during the interaction sessions, and must be perceived as a useful and efficient tool by the clinicians. This paper presents the acquisition of new user requirements for CLARC, through participatory and user-centered design approach, to inform the improvement of both interface and interaction. Thirty eight persons (elderly people, caregivers and health professionals) were involved in the design process of CLARC, based on user-centered methods and techniques of Human-Computer Interaction discipline.This work has been partially funded by the European Union ECHORD++ project (FP7-ICT-601116) and the TIN2015-65686-C5-1-R Spanish Ministerio de EconomÍa y Competitividad project and FEDER funds

    Developing and evaluating the implementation of a complex intervention: using mixed methods to inform the design of a randomised controlled trial of an oral healthcare intervention after stroke

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many interventions delivered within the stroke rehabilitation setting could be considered complex, though some are more complex than others. The degree of complexity might be based on the number of and interactions between levels, components and actions targeted within the intervention. The number of (and variation within) participant groups and the contexts in which it is delivered might also reflect the extent of complexity. Similarly, designing the evaluation of a complex intervention can be challenging. Considerations include the necessity for intervention standardisation, the multiplicity of outcome measures employed to capture the impact of a multifaceted intervention and the delivery of the intervention across different clinical settings operating within varying healthcare contexts. Our aim was to develop and evaluate the implementation of a complex, multidimensional oral health care (OHC) intervention for people in stroke rehabilitation settings which would inform the development of a randomised controlled trial.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>After reviewing the evidence for the provision of OHC following stroke, multi-disciplinary experts informed the development of our intervention. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods we evaluated the implementation of the complex OHC intervention across patients, staff and service levels of care. We also adopted a pragmatic approach to patient recruitment, the completion of assessment tools and delivery of OHC, alongside an attention to the context in which it was delivered.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a complex OHC intervention across three levels of care. The complementary nature of the mixed methods approach to data gathering provided a complete picture of the implementation of the intervention and a detailed understanding of the variations within and interactions between the components of the intervention. Information on the feasibility of the outcome measures used to capture impact across a range of components was also collected, though some process orientated uncertainties including eligibility and recruitment rates remain to be further explored within a Phase II exploratory trial.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Complex interventions can be captured and described in a manner which facilitates evaluation in the form of exploratory and subsequently definitive clinical trials. If effective, the evidence captured relating to the intervention context will facilitate translation into clinical practice.</p

    Nutzerorientierte Evaluation zweier altersgerechter Assistenzroboter zur UnterstĂŒtzung von AlltagsaktivitĂ€ten („Ambient Assisted Living-Roboter“) bei Ă€lteren Menschen mit funktionellen EinschrĂ€nkungen: MOBOT-Rollator und I-SUPPORT-Duschroboter

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    Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die nutzerorientierte Evaluation zweier Prototypen fĂŒr altersgerechte Assistenzroboter zur UnterstĂŒtzung von AlltagsaktivitĂ€ten („Ambient Assisted Living“ [AAL]-Roboter) bei Ă€lteren Menschen mit funktionellen EinschrĂ€nkungen. Bei den Prototypen handelt es sich dabei um (1) einen robotergestĂŒtzten Rollator zur UnterstĂŒtzung der MobilitĂ€t (MOBOT) und (2) einen Assistenzroboter zur UnterstĂŒtzung von DuschaktivitĂ€ten (I-SUPPORT). Manuskript I dokumentiert eine systematische Literaturanalyse des methodischen Vorgehens bisheriger Studien zur Evaluation robotergestĂŒtzter Rollatoren aus der Nutzerperspektive. Die meisten Studien zeigen erhebliche methodische MĂ€ngel, wie unzureichende StichprobengrĂ¶ĂŸen/-beschreibungen; Teilnehmer nicht reprĂ€sentativ fĂŒr die Nutzergruppe der robotergestĂŒtzten Rollatoren; keine geeigneten, standardisierten und validierten Assessmentmethoden und/oder keine Inferenzstatistik. Ein generisches methodisches Vorgehen fĂŒr die Evaluation robotergestĂŒtzter Rollatoren konnte nicht identifiziert werden. FĂŒr die Konzeption und DurchfĂŒhrung zukĂŒnftiger Studien zur Evaluation robotergestĂŒtzter Rollatoren, aber auch anderer AAL-Systeme werden in Manuskript I abschließend Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert. Manuskript II analysiert die Untersuchungsergebnisse der in Manuskript I identifizierten Studien. Es zeigen sich sehr heterogene Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Mehrwerts der innovativen Assistenzfunktionen von robotergestĂŒtzten Rollatoren. Im Allgemeinen werden sie jedoch als positiv von den Nutzern wahrgenommen. Die große HeterogenitĂ€t und methodischen MĂ€ngel der Studien schrĂ€nken die Interpretierbarkeit ihre Untersuchungsergebnisse stark ein. Insgesamt verdeutlicht Manuskript II, dass die Evidenz zur EffektivitĂ€t und positiven Wahrnehmung robotergestĂŒtzter Rollatoren aus der Nutzerperspektive noch unzureichend ist. Basierend auf den Erkenntnissen und Handlungsempfehlungen der systematischen Literaturanalysen aus Manuskript I und II wurden die nutzerorientierten Evaluationsstudien des MOBOT-Rollators konzipiert und durchgefĂŒhrt (Manuskript III-VI). Manuskript III ĂŒberprĂŒft die EffektivitĂ€t des in den MOBOT-Rollator integrierten Navigationssystems bei potentiellen Nutzern (= Ă€ltere Personen mit Gangstörungen bzw. Rollator als Gehhilfe im Alltag). Es liefert erstmals einen statistischen Nachweis dafĂŒr, dass eine solche Assistenzfunktion effektiv ist, um die Navigationsleistung der Nutzer (z. B. geringer Stoppzeit, kĂŒrzere Wegstrecke) – insbesondere derjenigen mit kognitiven EinschrĂ€nkungen – in einem realitĂ€tsnahen Anwendungsszenario zu verbessern. Manuskript IV untersucht die konkurrente ValiditĂ€t des MOBOT-integrierten Ganganalysesystems bei potentiellen Nutzern. Im Vergleich zu einem etablierten Referenzstandard (GAITRiteÂź-System) zeigt es eine hohe konkurrente ValiditĂ€t fĂŒr die Erfassung zeitlicher, nicht jedoch raumbezogener Gangparameter. Diese können zwar ebenfalls mit hoher Konsistenz gemessen werden, aber lediglich mit einer begrenzten absoluten Genauigkeit. Manuskript V umfasst die nutzerorientierte Evaluation der im MOBOT-Rollator integrierten Assistenzfunktion zur Hindernisvermeidung und belegt erstmals die EffektivitĂ€t einer solchen Funktionen bei potentiellen Nutzern. Unter Verwendung des fĂŒr den MOBOT-Rollator neu entwickelten technischen Ansatzes fĂŒr die Hindernisvermeidung zeigten die Teilnehmer signifikante Verbesserungen bei der BewĂ€ltigung eines Hindernisparcours (weniger Kollisionen und geringere AnnĂ€herungsgeschwindigkeit an die Hindernisse). Manuskript VI dokumentiert die EffektivitĂ€t und Zufriedenheit mit der Aufstehhilfe des MOBOT-Rollators von potentiellen Nutzern. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Erfolgsrate fĂŒr den Sitzen-Stehen-Transfer Ă€lterer Personen mit motorischen EinschrĂ€nkungen durch die Aufstehhilfe signifikant verbessert werden kann. Die Ergebnisse belegen zudem eine hohe Nutzerzufriedenheit mit dieser Assistenzfunktion, insbesondere bei Personen mit höherem Body-Mass-Index. Manuskript VII untersucht die Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion zwischen dem I-SUPPORT-Duschroboter und seiner potentiellen Nutzer (= Ă€ltere Personen mit Problemen bei Baden/Duschen) und ĂŒberprĂŒft deren EffektivitĂ€t sowie Zufriedenheit mit drei unterschiedlich autonomen Betriebsmodi. Die Studienergebnisse dokumentieren, dass sich mit zunehmender Kontrolle des Nutzers (= abnehmende Autonomie des Duschroboters) nicht nur die EffektivitĂ€t fĂŒr das Abduschen eines definierten Körperbereichs verringert, sondern auch die Nutzerzufriedenheit sinkt. Manuskript VIII umfasst die Evaluation eines spezifischen Nutzertrainings auf die gestenbasierte Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion mit dem I-SUPPORT-Duschroboter. Es wird gezeigt, dass ein solches Training die AusfĂŒhrung der Gesten potentieller Nutzer und sowie die Gestenerkennungsrate des Duschroboters signifikant verbessern, was insgesamt auf eine optimierte Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion in Folge des Trainings schließen lĂ€sst. Teilnehmer mit der schlechtesten Ausgangsleistung in der AusfĂŒhrung der Gesten und mit der grĂ¶ĂŸten Angst vor Technologien profitierten am meisten vom Nutzertraining. Insgesamt belegen die Studienergebnisse zur nutzerorientierten Evaluation des MOBOT-Rollators die EffektivitĂ€t und GĂŒltigkeit seiner innovativen Teilfunktionen. Sie weisen auf ein hohes Potential der Assistenzfunktionen (Navigationssystem, Hindernisvermeidung, Aufstehhilfe) zur Verbesserung der MobilitĂ€t Ă€lterer Menschen mit motorischen EinschrĂ€nkungen hin. Vor dem Hintergrund der methodischen MĂ€ngel und unzureichenden evidenzbasierten Datenlage hierzu, liefert diese Dissertationsschrift erstmals statistische Belege fĂŒr den Mehrwert solcher Teilfunktionen bei potentiellen Nutzern und leistet somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Schließung der bisherigen ForschungslĂŒcke hinsichtlich des nutzerorientierten Wirksamkeits- und GĂŒltigkeitsnachweises robotergestĂŒtzter Rollatoren und ihrer innovativen Teilfunktionen. Die Ergebnisse der Studien des I-SUPPORT-Duschroboters liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion im höheren Alter. Sie zeigen, dass bei Ă€lteren Nutzern fĂŒr eine effektive Interaktion Betriebsmodi mit einem hohen Maß an Autonomie des Duschroboters notwendig sind. Trotz ihrer eingeschrĂ€nkten Kontrolle ĂŒber den Roboter, waren die Nutzer mit dem autonomsten Betriebsmodus sogar am zufriedensten. DarĂŒber hinaus unterstreichen die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der gestenbasierten Interaktion mit dem I-SUPPORT-Duschroboter, dass zukĂŒnftige Entwicklungen von altersgerechten Assistenzrobotern mit gestenbasierter Interaktion nicht nur die Verbesserungen technischer Aspekte, sondern auch die Sicherstellung und Verbesserungen der QualitĂ€t der Nutzergesten fĂŒr die Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion durch geeignete Trainings- oder Schulungsmaßnahmen berĂŒcksichtigen sollten. Das vorgestellte Nutzertraining könnte hierfĂŒr ein mögliches Modell darstellen
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