Cloud Based IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Architecture to Integrate Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) and IMS

RÉSUMÉ Les réseaux Ad Hoc véhiculaires (VANET) représentent une technologie spéciale, dans la catégorie des réseaux ad hoc sans fils. Ils visent la sécurité routière, une plus grande efficacité et une meilleure organisation au sein des systèmes de transport. Ils favorisent l’avènement de nouvelles applications relatives à l’ingénierie, la gestion de trafic, la dissémination d’informations d’urgence pour éviter les situations critiques, le confort et le divertissement, ainsi que plusieurs autres «applications utilisateur». Le sous-système multimédia IP (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS), a été standardisé par le projet «Third Generation Partnership Project» (3GPP) pour les réseaux hétérogènes avec un support de la qualité de service. Cette plateforme a été proposée dans le but d’offrir aux utilisateurs finaux des services multimédia tels que la voix, les données et la vidéo, la facturation ainsi que l’intégration des services tout-IP. Avec l’avènement de IMS, il est désirable d’offrir aux utilisateurs des réseaux véhiculaires (VANET), un accès aux services de ce sous-système. Cependant, les caractéristiques de ces réseaux posent des difficultés majeures pour le contrôle des performances des services IMS. Par ailleurs, le «réseau cœur » de IMS présente aussi des limitations telles que le contrôle centralisé, la faible efficacité et une faible évolutivité au niveau des équipements du réseau cœur en comparaison aux infrastructures de réseau utilisant le Cloud Computing. Le Cloud Computing est un nouveau paradigme des technologies de l’information, offrant des ressources extensibles dynamiquement, souvent au moyen de machines virtuelles et accessibles en tant que services sur Internet. La migration de l’IMS au sein du Cloud peut permettre d’améliorer les performances de l’infrastructure IMS. Ce projet propose une architecture novatrice d’intégration des réseaux VANET, IMS et le Cloud Computing.----------ABSTRACT Vehicular Ad Hoc network (VANET) is a special technology in wireless ad hoc networks. It can be used to provide road safety, efficiency and traffic organization in transportation system. Thus, new applications arise in several fields such as traffic engineering, traffic management, dissemination of emergency information in order to avoid critical situations, comfort, entertainment and other user applications. IP multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a subsystem, standardized with Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The IMS supports heterogeneous networking with Quality-of-Service (QoS) policy. The goal of this platform is to integrate All-IP services and to provide final user with multimedia services such as voice, data and video with appropriate billing mechanisms. With the advent of the IP Multimedia Subsystem, it is desirable to provide VANET end-users with IMS services. However, characteristics of VANET cause major challenges to control the performance of IMS services. On the other hand, the traditional IMS core network faces a set of problems such as centralized control, low efficiency and poor scalability of core equipment, compared with the IT environment using Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing is an emerging paradigm in the field of information technology. In this new paradigm, dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as services over the Internet. The migration of IMS to cloud can improve its performance. This project proposes an innovative architecture in order to integrate VANET, IMS and Cloud Computing

A Presence-Based Architecture for a Gateway to Integrate Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), the IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

Résumé Le IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) est un sujet de recherche qui attire l’attention de la communauté de recherche. Il a comme but de fournir un accès mobile aux différents services internet. Il s’agit d’une architecture de contrôle au-dessus de la couche IP dont le but est de fournir une qualité de service, services intégrés et un système de tarification équitable à travers des interfaces standards. D’autre part, le réseau Ad-hoc de véhicules (VANETs) fournit un nouveau moyen de communication sans-fil entre les véhicules circulants à grande vitesse ainsi que les équipements installés tout au long des côtés de la route. Cette technologie ouvre la porte pour développer des applications diverses comme la génie de trafic, gestion du trafic, diffusion d’information en cas d’urgence pour éviter des situations critiques, divertissement et bien d’autres choses. VANETs forme une sous-classe des réseaux Ad-hoc mobile dont la performance est fortement liée au protocole de routage utilisé dans le réseau. L’intégration des deux technologies, IMS et VANET, permettra de mettre en œuvre de nouveaux services multimédias. Ce mémoire de maîtrise propose une architecture d’une passerelle incorporant ces deux technologies ensemble. Étant donné que les deux architectures utilisent des formats de communication différents, on a conçu un middleware afin d’adapter le format en fonction de la destination et de choisir la meilleur stratégie de livraison d’information entre eux. La passerelle, qui est le cœur de notre architecture, est une couche au-dessus du IMS et le VANET. ----------ABSTRACT On one hand, IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) are a research area that has been gaining attention from the research community. It aims to provide cellular access to all Internet services. It is a control architecture on the top of the IP layer whose goal is dependent on the provision of the Quality of Service (QoS), integrated services and fair charging scheme throughout standard interfaces. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are a new communication paradigm that enables the wireless communication between vehicles moving with high speeds, as well as the vehicles and the road side equipments found along the roads. This opened the door to develop several new applications like, traffic engineering, traffic management, dissemination of emergency information to avoid critical situations, comfort and entertainment and other user applications. Moreover, VANETs are a sub-class of mobile ad-hoc networks; the performance of the communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. Routing of data depends on the routing protocols being used in the network. Combining the capabilities of IMS world with the VANET world opens the door to deploy a wide range of novel multimedia services. This dissertation proposes a presence-based architecture for the integration of IMS with VANETs. The presence of the middleware is used to make an instantaneous awareness of the VANETs changes as well as of the IMS format and to select the best delivery strategy between the two architectures. The gateway which is the heart of our architecture is an overlay built on the top of the IMS as well as the VANETs

Heterogeneous LTE/ Wi-Fi architecture for intelligent transportation systems

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) make use of advanced technologies to enhance road safety and improve traffic efficiency. It is anticipated that ITS will play a vital future role in improving traffic efficiency, safety, comfort and emissions. In order to assist the passengers to travel safely, efficiently and conveniently, several application requirements have to be met simultaneously. In addition to the delivery of regular traffic and safety information, vehicular networks have been recently required to support infotainment services. Previous vehicular network designs and architectures do not satisfy this increasing traffic demand as they are setup for either voice or data traffic, which is not suitable for the transfer of vehicular traffic. This new requirement is one of the key drivers behind the need for new mobile wireless broadband architectures and technologies. For this purpose, this thesis proposes and investigates a heterogeneous IEEE 802.11 and LTE vehicular system that supports both infotainment and ITS traffic control data. IEEE 802.11g is used for V2V communications and as an on-board access network while, LTE is used for V2I communications. A performance simulation-based study is conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed system in an urban vehicular environment. The system performance is evaluated in terms of data loss, data rate, delay and jitter. Several simulation scenarios are performed and evaluated. In the V2I-only scenario, the delay, jitter and data drops for both ITS and video traffic are within the acceptable limits, as defined by vehicular application requirements. Although a tendency of increase in video packet drops during handover from one eNodeB to another is observed yet, the attainable data loss rate is still below the defined benchmarks. In the integrated V2V-V2I scenario, data loss in uplink ITS traffic was initially observed so, Burst communication technique is applied to prevent packet losses in the critical uplink ITS traffic. A quantitative analysis is performed to determine the number of packets per burst, the inter-packet and inter-burst intervals. It is found that a substantial improvement is achieved using a two-packet Burst, where no packets are lost in the uplink direction. The delay, jitter and data drops for both uplink and downlink ITS traffic, and video traffic are below the benchmarks of vehicular applications. Thus, the results indicate that the proposed heterogeneous system offers acceptable performance that meets the requirements of the different vehicular applications. All simulations are conducted on OPNET Network Modeler and results are subjected to a 95% confidence analysis

SOA-Based Model for Value-Added ITS Services Delivery

Integration is currently a key factor in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), especially because of the ever increasing service demands originating from the ITS industry and ITS users. The current ITS landscape is made up of multiple technologies that are tightly coupled, and its interoperability is extremely low, which limits ITS services generation. Given this fact, novel information technologies (IT) based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm have begun to introduce new ways to address this problem. The SOA paradigm allows the construction of loosely coupled distributed systems that can help to integrate the heterogeneous systems that are part of ITS. In this paper, we focus on developing an SOA-based model for integrating information technologies (IT) into ITS to achieve ITS service delivery. To develop our model, the ITS technologies and services involved were identified, catalogued, and decoupled. In doing so, we applied our SOA-based model to integrate all of the ITS technologies and services, ranging from the lowest-level technical components, such as roadside unit as a service (RS S), to the most abstract ITS services that will be offered to ITS users (value-added services). To validate our model, a functionality case study that included all of the components of our model was designed

A Survey on platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical systems

Vehicles on the road with some common interests can cooperatively form a platoon-based driving pattern, in which a vehicle follows another one and maintains a small and nearly constant distance to the preceding vehicle. It has been proved that, compared to driving individually, such a platoon-based driving pattern can significantly improve the road capacity and energy efficiency. Moreover, with the emerging vehicular adhoc network (VANET), the performance of platoon in terms of road capacity, safety and energy efficiency, etc., can be further improved. On the other hand, the physical dynamics of vehicles inside the platoon can also affect the performance of VANET. Such a complex system can be considered as a platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical system (VCPS), which has attracted significant attention recently. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on platoon-based VCPS. We first review the related work of platoon-based VCPS. We then introduce two elementary techniques involved in platoon-based VCPS: the vehicular networking architecture and standards, and traffic dynamics, respectively. We further discuss the fundamental issues in platoon-based VCPS, including vehicle platooning/clustering, cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), platoon-based vehicular communications, etc., and all of which are characterized by the tight coupled relationship between traffic dynamics and VANET behaviors. Since system verification is critical to VCPS development, we also give an overview of VCPS simulation tools. Finally, we share our view on some open issues that may lead to new research directions

Clustering and 5G-enabled smart cities: a survey of clustering schemes in VANETs

This chapter highlights the importance of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) in the context of the 5Genabled smarter cities and roads, a topic that attracts significant interest. In order for VANETs and its associated applications to become a reality, a very promising avenue is to bring together multiple wireless technologies in the architectural design. 5G is envisioned to have a heterogeneous network architecture. Clustering is employed in designing optimal VANET architectures that successfully use different technologies, therefore clustering has the potential to play an important role in the 5G-VANET enabled solutions. This chapter presents a survey of clustering approaches in the VANET research area. The survey provides a general classification of the clustering algorithms, presents some of the most advanced and latest algorithms in VANETs, and it is among the fewest works in the literature that reviews the performance assessment of clustering algorithms

A Comparative Survey of VANET Clustering Techniques

© 2016 Crown. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile ad hoc network in which network nodes are vehicles - most commonly road vehicles. VANETs present a unique range of challenges and opportunities for routing protocols due to the semi-organized nature of vehicular movements subject to the constraints of road geometry and rules, and the obstacles which limit physical connectivity in urban environments. In particular, the problems of routing protocol reliability and scalability across large urban VANETs are currently the subject of intense research. Clustering can be used to improve routing scalability and reliability in VANETs, as it results in the distributed formation of hierarchical network structures by grouping vehicles together based on correlated spatial distribution and relative velocity. In addition to the benefits to routing, these groups can serve as the foundation for accident or congestion detection, information dissemination and entertainment applications. This paper explores the design choices made in the development of clustering algorithms targeted at VANETs. It presents a taxonomy of the techniques applied to solve the problems of cluster head election, cluster affiliation, and cluster management, and identifies new directions and recent trends in the design of these algorithms. Additionally, methodologies for validating clustering performance are reviewed, and a key shortcoming - the lack of realistic vehicular channel modeling - is identified. The importance of a rigorous and standardized performance evaluation regime utilizing realistic vehicular channel models is demonstrated

Analysis, design and experimental evaluation of connectivity management in heterogeneous wireless environments

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorThe future of network communications is mobile as many more users demand for ubiquitous connectivity. Wireless has become the primary access technology or even the only one, leading to an explosion in traffic demand. This challenges network providers to manage and configure new requirements without incrementing costs in the same amount. In addition to the growth in the use of mobile devices, there is a need to operate simultaneously different access technologies. As well, the great diversity of applications and the capabilities of mobile terminals makes possible for us to live in a hyper-connected world and offers new scenarios. This heterogeneity poses great challenges that need to be addressed to offer better performance and seamless experience to the final user. We need to orchestrate solutions to increase flexibility and empower interoperability. Connectivity management is handled from different angles. In the network stack, mobility is more easily handled by IP mobility protocols, since IP is the common layer between the different access technologies and the application diversity. From the end-user perspective, the connection manager is in charge of handling connectivity issues in mobile devices, but it is an unstandardized entity so its performance is heavily implementation-dependent. In this thesis we explore connectivity management from different angles. We study mobility protocols as they are part of our proposed solutions. In most of the cases we include an experimental evaluation of performance with 3G and IEEE 802.11 as the main technologies. We consider heterogeneous scenarios, with several access technologies where mobile devices have also several network interfaces. We evaluate how connectivity is handled as well as its influence in a handover. Based on the analysis of real traces from a cellular network, we confirm the suitability of more efficient mobility management. Moreover, we propose and evaluate three different solutions for providing mobility support in three different heterogeneous scenarios. We perform an experimental evaluation of a vehicular route optimization for network mobility, reporting on the challenges and lessons learned in such a complicated networking environment. We propose an architecture for supporting mobility and enhance handover in a passive optical network deployment. In addition, we design and deploy a mechanism for mobility management based on software-defined networking.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería TelemáticaPresidente: Arturo Azcorra Saloña.- Secretario: Ramón Agüero Calvo.- Vocal: Daniel Nunes Coruj

VANETs Signal Quality-based Route Selection in Smart Cities

In road networks, the most common metrics to determine the optimal route relaying two points are either the path length or the travel time. However, as autonomous smart cars are expected to emerge in future smart cities and lead to an unprecedented growth of mobile applications spectrum for both drivers and passengers, we argue that other metrics can be also considered for route selection. Therefore, the best route for a driver will be also determined by specific in-vehicle users' requirements such as, ensuring sufficient quality for wireless connection with minimum cost, and selecting preferred access networks, etc. To this end, we propose an original algorithm that enables route selection based on maximum expected signal quality with respect to the drivers' maximum tolerated prolongation of journey. Our ultimate objective is to select the route that ensures sufficient signal quality for users on board by maximizing the usage of VANETs resources, through RSUs, while minimizing the usage of the costly LTE-A resources. The obtained simulation results, under several scenarios, have proven the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm