Applied Epistemology and Understanding in Information Studies

Introduction. Applied epistemology allows information studies to benefit from developments in philosophy. In information studies, epistemic concepts are rarely considered in detail. This paper offers a review of several epistemic concepts, focusing on understanding, as a call for further work in applied epistemology in information studies. Method. A hermeneutic literature review was conducted on epistemic concepts in information studies and philosophy. Relevant research was retrieved and reviewed iteratively as the research area was refined. Analysis. A conceptual analysis was conducted to determine the nature and relationships of the concepts surveyed, with an eye toward synthesizing conceptualizations of understanding and opening future research directions. Results. The epistemic aim of understanding is emerging as a key research frontier for information studies. Two modes of understanding (hermeneutic and epistemological) were brought into a common framework. Conclusions. Research on understanding in information studies will further naturalistic information research and provide coherence to several strands of philosophic thought

Interpretation and equivalence; or, equivalence and interpretation

Philosophers of science spend a lot of time “interpreting” scientific theories. In this paper, I try to get a handle on what it is they might be up to. My main contention is that a certain picture of interpretation is widespread (though implicit) in contemporary philosophy of science: a picture according to which interpretation of theories is relevantly analogous to the interpretation of foreign literature. On this picture, which we might call the external account of theory-interpretation, meaning is to be imported into the equations by putting them in correspondence with some discourse whose signs and symbols are already endowed with significance. However, there is an alternative way of thinking about interpretation—what we can call the “internal” account of interpretation—which instead takes interpretation to be a matter of delineating a theory’s internal semantic architecture

Interspace Encounters: Parkview Gardens

The undertaking to render an experience tangible reveals the inadequacy of the techniques and technologies of representation to transcribe the perception of ubiquitous, yet unnoticed, spaces in the urban environment. The work of Madeline Marak contemplates overlooked and forgotten spaces that are unnoticed by busy, preoccupied minds. The work advocates for slowing down… considering… and being present. This thesis refers to writer Rebecca Solnit and her anthologies on the subjects of walking, wandering, and getting lost to advocate for activities that preoccupy the mind and facilitate freethinking. The humanist geographer Yi-Fu Tuan is quoted in argument for a direct engagement with a space. Marak’s work mirrors the desire to express the felt experience of being in a space that is neither fully human-constructed nor fully natural, negotiating the margin between what we experience and what we think to know of a space. The theorists Georges Perec and John Berger, as well as the artist Uta Barth, are referenced to expound on the act of seeing; contemplating what we look at and how we see. Marak uses the mediums of photography and painting to investigate a perceptive experience. Artist Richard Diebenkorn and collaboration Peter Fischli and David Weiss work similarly to Marak by translating the experience of a place into images. Ultimately, the representations function separately from the experience in that they cultivate patience and consider the banality of everydayness to affirm the practice of noticing the unnoticed

Visual Programming in Prolog

A new, simple, complete visual formalism for programming in Prolog is presented. The formalism is shown to be equivalent to the standard textual notation for Prolog. We demonstrate some kinds of relationships and styles of programming that appear to be particularly lucid for novices when presented in the graphic notation, while other aspects of Prolog are identified that are clearer in the standard notation. The symbolism is proposed as a specialised complement, but not a replacement, for the traditional notation. The design of a computer interface called VPP is presented that supports visual programming in Prolog using the graphical notation. We discuss a prototype of VPP that has been implemented. We give examples to demonstrate how VPP has the capacity to allow users with little or no knowledge of Prolog to explore, understand, modify and create Prolog programs used to represent domain expertise in intelligent tutoring systems and interactive learning environments. We argue that the use of VPP may have advantages for beginners in the early stages of learning to program in Prolog, and may help to avoid certain misconceptions. We informally analyse the structure and properties of the notation from an abstract human-machine interaction viewpoint. An extension of the interpreter (dubbed VPE) designed for visualising Prolog execution spaces is presented. The limitations and possibilities for further work of both systems are identified and discussed

Video Abstracting at a Semantical Level

One the most common form of a video abstract is the movie trailer. Contemporary movie trailers share a common structure across genres which allows for an automatic generation and also reflects the corresponding moviea s composition. In this thesis a system for the automatic generation of trailers is presented. In addition to action trailers, the system is able to deal with further genres such as Horror and comedy trailers, which were first manually analyzed in order to identify their basic structures. To simplify the modeling of trailers and the abstract generation itself a new video abstracting application was developed. This application is capable of performing all steps of the abstract generation automatically and allows for previews and manual optimizations. Based on this system, new abstracting models for horror and comedy trailers were created and the corresponding trailers have been automatically generated using the new abstracting models. In an evaluation the automatic trailers were compared to the original Trailers and showed a similar structure. However, the automatically generated trailers still do not exhibit the full perfection of the Hollywood originals as they lack intentional storylines across shots

Unpacking interactions using Brousseau’s didactical milieu

In this work we used Brousseau’s Theory of Didactical Situation to examine ways in which interactions with a researcher/teacher influenced athematical practices of a child. The findings suggest an extension of teaching actions associated with TDS to include the process of stabilizing mathematical understanding of children as they interact with and engage in taskmilieu