The process of refounding European insolvency framework

Europe set challenging targets for its growth and expansion in the new millennium. The “Lisbon strategy” launched in March 2000 focused all efforts on making of the Union the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based society in the world by 2010. Different strategies were deployed in several areas to ensure success.This book focuses on the process developed in accordance with the general plan to reform modern European bankruptcy systems at the local and cross-border level. The ultimate goal of these reforms was to bring changes which could become pillars in insolvency law, thus reaching the grand objectives set in Lisbon. This process is defined in the book as a “refoundation”, since the modifications sought were a radpical departure from the path followed for centuries by local European systems.The master plan of the European Union focused on increasing levels of entrepreneurialism and the number of small- and medium-sized enterprises within its market. The status quo of European bankruptcy systems at the beginning of the new millennium was found to be obsolete and harmful. Major modifications were planned of systems that worked in the exact opposite direction of the Lisbon strategy. Local European insolvency laws at the time heavily punished and stigmatized bankrupts: they labeled them as criminals, excluded them from commerce, preferred liquidations over reorganizations, and imposed numerous harsh penalties.In order to make swift changes, the Union promoted the adoption of new approaches. It favored the transplant of foreign “debtor-friendly” tools into more punitive local systems, borrowing mainly from the US Bankruptcy Code. The American bankruptcy system was deemed to be the perfect source of inspiration, as it had succeeded in making a similar shift a few decades earlier and supporting an economy that became the most competitive and dynamic in the world.This study analyzes how this complex and ambitious process has been structured, starting from its origins. It discusses the theories and studies which supported its development and the significant challenges that have caused the failure, described as an “impasse”, which has impeded the Union from making necessary progress. In its conclusions, it suggests improvements which can allow the European Union and its Member States to make progress in the future.The approach that is followed attempts to see things from a different angle. Several studies have gathered, compared, and analyzed information from all the systems enacted by the Member States and other relevant countries such as the United States. The massive amount of information made available by this method, though, means that although these studies excel at giving a broad, big-picture view, smaller details disappear. This book follows a different method, which allows it to integrate previous research. It draws a more specific path, using a selection of local and international models from contemporary years and past centuries. The discussion shows specific weaknesses that have damaged European strategies and provides alternatives

Business Law and the Legal Environment

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Objection my Lord: legal practice demystified

Having received a brief of the client’s case, and identified legal issues. You should develop a Checklist to enable you pick necessary legal information you would need to advise the client and also in case of court action, sufficient information to support the action and also the mode of Commencement. In developing one you can be guided by the Substantive legislation on the matter, case law and even the CPR for example Check list No Standard template Make sure it covers the details of the workshop question There and general things in the personal details 0.7. 1 is also a guiding factor

Collected Papers (on Neutrosophic Theory and Applications), Volume VII

This seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 122 co-authors from 22 countries: Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Abdel-Nasser Hussian, C. Alexander, Mumtaz Ali, Yaman Akbulut, Amir Abdullah, Amira S. Ashour, Assia Bakali, Kousik Bhattacharya, Kainat Bibi, R. N. Boyd, Ümit Budak, Lulu Cai, Cenap Özel, Chang Su Kim, Victor Christianto, Chunlai Du, Chunxin Bo, Rituparna Chutia, Cu Nguyen Giap, Dao The Son, Vinayak Devvrat, Arindam Dey, Partha Pratim Dey, Fahad Alsharari, Feng Yongfei, S. Ganesan, Shivam Ghildiyal, Bibhas C. Giri, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ahmed Refaat Hawas, Hoang Viet Long, Le Hoang Son, Hongbo Wang, Hongnian Yu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Saeid Jafari, Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola, Naeem Jan, R. Jeevitha, Jun Ye, Anup Khan, Madad Khan, Salma Khan, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Kifayat Ullah, Kishore Kumar P.K., Sujit Kumar De, Prasun Kumar Nayak, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Anam Luqman, Luu Quoc Dat, Tahir Mahmood, Hafsa M. Malik, Nivetha Martin, Mai Mohamed, Parimala Mani, Mingcong Deng, Mohammed A. Al Shumrani, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Gulistan, Farshid Mofidnakhaei, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Riaz, Karthika Muthusamy, Nabeela Ishfaq, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Sumera Naz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Nguyen Tho Thong, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Noor ul Amin, Dragan Pamučar, Gabrijela Popović, S. Krishna Prabha, Surapati Pramanik, Priya R, Qiaoyan Li, Yaser Saber, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Saleem Abdullah, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Abdulkadir Sengür, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Shahbaz Ali, Shahzaib Ashraf, Shouzhen Zeng, Shio Gai Quek, Shuangwu Zhu, Shumaiza, Sidra Sayed, Sohail Iqbal, Songtao Shao, Sundas Shahzadi, Dragiša Stanujkić, Željko Stević, Udhayakumar Ramalingam, Zunaira Rashid, Hossein Rashmanlou, Rajkumar Verma, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Desmond Jun Yi Tey, Selçuk Topal, Naveed Yaqoob, Yanhui Guo, Yee Fei Gan, Yingcang Ma, Young Bae Jun, Yuping Lai, Hafiz Abdul Wahab, Wei Yang, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Lemnaouar Zedam