2,497 research outputs found

    The Impact of ISO 9000 Diffusion on Trade and FDI: A New Institutional Analysis

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    The effects of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI have gone understudied. We employ panel data reported by OECD nations over the 1995-2002 period to estimate the impact of ISO adoptions on country-pair economic relations. We find ISO diffusion to have no effect in developed nations, but to positively pull FDI (i.e., enhancing inward FDI) and positively push trade (i.e., enhancing exports) in developing nations

    Structure of organizational trust in military-type and civilian organizations: Validation of the Organizational Trust Questionnaire

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    Contemporary research on organizational trust views it as either rational or relational phenomenon that is a result of interpersonal bonds or cooperative relationships between the trusting parties. Resent studies agree that a certain degree of trust must be embedded in and enacted through organizational interactions and structures, taking trust from a purely interpersonal phenomenon to a more complex organizational phenomenon that has multiple antecedents;This study hypothesizes that that an organizational member\u27s intention to trust others in the organization is affected by six factors: (1) the individual\u27s propensity to trust, (2) co-workers\u27 character and behaviors, (3) bosses\u27 character and behavior, (4) organizational structures, (5) interactions outside of the organization, and (6) the individual\u27s propensity to distrust. The study also suggests that individual intention to trust others in organizations varies depending on the degree of organizational formalization and centralization;To confirm the existence of the proposed factors and explore the potential influence of structural dimensions on individual intention to trust, the Organizational Trust Questionnaire (the OTQ) was constructed and distributed to the employees of a law enforcement agency and a university. The data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the Structural Equations Modeling technique;The findings validate the OTQ and establish its usability in both civilian and military-type organizations. The results demonstrate that faculty members and professional and scientific employees of the university have higher levels of intention to trust than sworn officers of a law enforcement agency and merit employees of the university. These differences are attributed to the differences in levels of centralization and formalization in the two organizations

    The Impact of ISO 9000 Diffusion on Trade and FDI: A New Institutional Analysis

    Get PDF
    The effects of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI have gone understudied. We employ panel data reported by OECD nations over the 1995-2002 period to estimate the impact of ISO adoptions on country-pair economic relations. We find ISO diffusion to have no effect in developed nations, but to positively pull FDI (i.e., enhancing inward FDI) and positively push trade (i.e., enhancing exports) in developing nations.FDI; trade; transaction costs; institutions

    The Impact of ISO 9000 Diffusion on Trade and FDI: A New Institutional Analysis

    Get PDF
    The effects of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI have gone understudied. We employ panel data reported by OECD nations over the 1995-2002 period to estimate the impact of ISO adoptions on country-pair economic relations. We find ISO diffusion to have no effect in developed nations, but to positively pull FDI (i.e., enhancing inward FDI) and positively push trade (i.e., enhancing exports) in developing nations. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Der Einfluss der Verbreitung des ISO 9000 Standards auf Außenhandel und ausländische Direktinvestitionen: eine neue institutionelle Analyse) Die Folgen der Verbreitung des ISO 9000 Standards auf den Außenhandel und ausländische Direktinvestitionen wurden bislang noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. In diesem Papier werden Datensätze von OECD-Mitgliedsstaaten im Zeitraum von 1995 - 2002 verwendet, um die Auswirkung von ISO-Einführungen auf bilaterale Außenhandelsaktivitäten zu untersuchen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Anwendung der ISO-Norm keine Auswirkungen auf den Handel zwischen entwickelten Ländern hat. In Entwicklungsländern dagegen führt die Einführung der ISO 9000 Norm dazu, dass die ins Land geholten ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (FDI) steigen und dass der Außenhandel - messbar an der Steigerung des Exportvolumens - positiv beeinflusst wird.FDI, Trade, Transaction Costs, Institutions

    A decentralized paradigm for resource-aware computing in wireless Ad hoc networks

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    A key factor limiting the democratisation of networked systems is the lack of trust, particularly in the wake of data-intensive applications that work on sensitive and private data, which requires providing strong network security guarantees via encryption and authentication algorithms, as well as rethinking algorithms to compute on the network peripheries without moving data. In many security and privacy-critical domains such as Home Automation IoT networks, AUV networks etc., the existence of a centralized privileged node leads to a vulnerability for leakage of sensitive information. In this paper, we have proposed a decentralized networking architecture that adopts collaborative processing techniques and operates within the tradeoff between network security and performance. We have investigated the design and sustainability of autonomous decentralized systems and evaluated the efficiency of the proposed scheme with the help of extensive simulation tools

    Trustworthy Edge Machine Learning: A Survey

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    The convergence of Edge Computing (EC) and Machine Learning (ML), known as Edge Machine Learning (EML), has become a highly regarded research area by utilizing distributed network resources to perform joint training and inference in a cooperative manner. However, EML faces various challenges due to resource constraints, heterogeneous network environments, and diverse service requirements of different applications, which together affect the trustworthiness of EML in the eyes of its stakeholders. This survey provides a comprehensive summary of definitions, attributes, frameworks, techniques, and solutions for trustworthy EML. Specifically, we first emphasize the importance of trustworthy EML within the context of Sixth-Generation (6G) networks. We then discuss the necessity of trustworthiness from the perspective of challenges encountered during deployment and real-world application scenarios. Subsequently, we provide a preliminary definition of trustworthy EML and explore its key attributes. Following this, we introduce fundamental frameworks and enabling technologies for trustworthy EML systems, and provide an in-depth literature review of the latest solutions to enhance trustworthiness of EML. Finally, we discuss corresponding research challenges and open issues.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures, 10 table

    Interim research assessment 2003-2005 - Computer Science

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    This report primarily serves as a source of information for the 2007 Interim Research Assessment Committee for Computer Science at the three technical universities in the Netherlands. The report also provides information for others interested in our research activities

    A Novel Approach to Load Balancing in P2P Overlay Networks for Edge Systems

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    Edge computing aims at addressing some limitations of cloud computing by bringing computation towards the edge of the system, i.e., closer to the client. There is a panoply of devices that can be integrated into future edge computing platforms, from local datacenters and ISP points of presence, to 5G towers, and even, multiple user devices like smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices. For all of these devices to communicate fruitfully, we need to build systems that enable the seamless interaction and cooperation among these diverse devices. However, creating and maintaining these systems is not trivial since there are numerous types of devices with different capacities. This resource heterogeneity has to be taken into account so that different types of machines contribute to the management of the distributed infrastructure differently, and the operation of the overall system becomes more efficient. In this work, we addressed the challenges identified above by exploring unstructured overlay networks, that have been shown to be possible to manage efficiently and in a fully decentralized way, while being highly robust to failures. To that end, we devised a solution that adapts the number of neighbors of each device (i.e., how many other devices that device knows) according to the capacity of that device and the distribution of capacities of the other devices in the network, as to ensure that the load is fairly distributed between them and, as a consequence, improve the operation of other services atop the unstructured overlay network, for instance, reducing the latencies experienced when broadcasting information. This solution can be easily integrated into most existing peer-to-peer distributed systems, requiring just a slight adaptation to their membership protocol. To show the correction and benefits of our proposal, we evaluated it by comparing it with state of the art decentralized solutions to manage unstructured overlay networks, combining both simulation (to observe the performance of the solution at large scale) and prototype deployments in realistic distributed infrastructures.A computação de periferia visa abordar algumas limitações da computação em nuvem, trazendo a computação para mais perto do cliente. Há uma enorme variedade de dispositivos que podem ser integrados em futuras plataformas de computação de periferia, de data centers locais e pontos de presença de ISPs a torres 5G e até mesmo dispositivos de cliente, como smartphones, laptops e dispositivos IoT. Para que todos esses dispositivos comuniquem de forma proveitosa entre si, precisamos construir sistemas que possibilitem a interação e cooperação eficaz entre eles. No entanto, criar e manter esses sistemas não é trivial, uma vez que existem vários tipos de dispositivos com diferentes capacidades. Essa heterogeneidade de recursos deve ser levada em consideração para que diferentes tipos de máquinas contribuam para o gerenciamento da infraestrutura distribuída de forma distinta e a operação do sistema se torne mais eficiente. Neste trabalho, enfrentámos os desafios identificados acima explorando redes sobrepostas não estruturadas, que se têm mostrado possíveis de gerenciar de forma eficiente e totalmente descentralizada, sendo altamente resistentes a falhas. Para tal, concebemos uma solução que adapta o número de vizinhos de cada dispositivo (ou seja, quantos outros dispositivos aquele dispositivo conhece) de acordo com a sua capacidade e a capacidade dos demais dispositivos da rede, de forma a garantir que a carga seja proporcionalmente distribuída entre eles e, como consequência, reduzindo as latências experienciadas por esses dispositivos. Esta solução pode ser facilmente integrada num sistema distribuído entre-pares existente, exigindo apenas uma ligeira adaptação ao seu protocolo de filiação. Avaliámos a nossa solução comparando-a com outras soluções descentralizadas de última geração, combinando simulação (para observar o desempenho da soluç
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