145 research outputs found
SCSA based MATLAB pre-processing toolbox for 1H MR spectroscopic water suppression and denoising
In vivo 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a useful tool in assessing neurological and metabolic disease, and to improve tumor treatment. Different pre-processing pipelines have been developed to obtain optimal results from the acquired data with sophisticated data fitting, peak suppression, and denoising protocols. We introduce a Semi-Classical Signal Analysis (SCSA) based Spectroscopy pre-processing toolbox for water suppression and data denoising, which allows researchers to perform water suppression using SCSA with phase correction and apodization filters and denoising of MRS data, and data fitting has been included as an additional feature, but it is not the main aim of the work. The fitting module can be passed on to other software. The toolbox is easy to install and to use: 1) import water unsuppressed MRS data acquired in Siemens, Philips and .mat file format and allow visualization of spectroscopy data, 2) allow pre-processing of single voxel and multi-voxel spectra, 3) perform water suppression and denoising using SCSA, 4) incorporate iterative nonlinear least squares fitting as an extra feature. This article provides information about how the above features have been included, along with details of the graphical user interface using these features in MATLAB
Noise-reduction techniques for 1H-FID-MRSI at 14.1T: Monte-Carlo validation & in vivo application
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) is a powerful tool
that enables the multidimensional non-invasive mapping of the neurochemical
profile at high-resolution over the entire brain. The constant demand for
higher spatial resolution in 1H-MRSI led to increased interest in
post-processing-based denoising methods aimed at reducing noise variance. The
aim of the present study was to implement two noise-reduction techniques, the
Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) based denoising and the
low-rank total generalized variation (LR-TGV) reconstruction, and to test their
potential and impact on preclinical 14.1T fast in vivo 1H-FID-MRSI datasets.
Since there is no known ground truth for in vivo metabolite maps, additional
evaluations of the performance of both noise-reduction strategies were
conducted using Monte-Carlo simulations. Results showed that both denoising
techniques increased the apparent signal-to-noise ratio SNR while preserving
noise properties in each spectrum for both in vivo and Monte-Carlo datasets.
Relative metabolite concentrations were not significantly altered by either
methods and brain regional differences were preserved in both synthetic and in
vivo datasets. Increased precision of metabolite estimates was observed for the
two methods, with inconsistencies noted on lower concentrated metabolites. Our
study provided a framework on how to evaluate the performance of MP-PCA and
LR-TGV methods for preclinical 1H-FID MRSI data at 14.1T. While gains in
apparent SNR and precision were observed, concentration estimations ought to be
treated with care especially for low-concentrated metabolites.Comment: Brayan Alves and Dunja Simicic are joint first authors. Currently in
revision for NMR in Biomedicin
MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls
Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a
lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the
addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly
benefit from noise reduction strategies. In the present work, the
Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) denoising is tested on
Monte Carlo simulations and on in vivo DW-MRS data acquired at 9.4T in the rat
brain. We provide a descriptive study of the effects observed following
different MP-PCA denoising strategies (denoising the entire matrix versus using
a sliding window), in terms of apparent SNR, rank selection, noise correlation
within and across b-values and quantification of metabolite concentrations and
fitted diffusion coefficients. MP-PCA denoising yielded an increased apparent
SNR, a more accurate B0 drift correction between shots, and similar estimates
of metabolite concentrations and diffusivities compared to the raw data. No
spectral residuals on individual shots were observed but correlations in the
noise level across shells were introduced, an effect which was mitigated using
a sliding window, but which should be carefully considered.Comment: Cristina Cudalbu and Ileana O. Jelescu have contributed equally to
this manuscrip
Statistical characterization of residual noise in the low-rank approximation filter framework, general theory and application to hyperpolarized tracer spectroscopy
The use of low-rank approximation filters in the field of NMR is increasing
due to their flexibility and effectiveness. Despite their ability to reduce the
Mean Square Error between the processed signal and the true signal is well
known, the statistical distribution of the residual noise is still undescribed.
In this article, we show that low-rank approximation filters are equivalent to
linear filters, and we calculate the mean and the covariance matrix of the
processed data. We also show how to use this knowledge to build a maximum
likelihood estimator, and we test the estimator's performance with a Montecarlo
simulation of a 13C pyruvate metabolic tracer. While the article focuses on NMR
spectroscopy experiment with hyperpolarized tracer, we also show that the
results can be applied to tensorial data (e.g. using HOSVD) or 1D data (e.g.
Cadzow filter).Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure
Hybrid Sparse Regularization for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
International audienceMagnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) is a powerful non-invasive tool for characterising markers of biological processes. This technique extends conventional MRI by providing an additional dimension of spectral information describing the abnormal presence or concentration of metabolites of interest. Unfortunately, in vivo MRSI suffers from poor signal-to-noise ratio limiting its clinical use for treatment purposes. This is due to the combination of a weak MR signal and low metabolite concentrations, in addition to the acquisition noise. We propose a new method that handles this challenge by efficiently denoising MRSI signals without constraining the spectral or spatial profiles. The proposed denoising approach is based on wavelet transforms and exploits the sparsity of the MRSI signals both in the spatial and frequency domains. A fast proximal optimization algorithm is then used to recover the optimal solution. Experiments on synthetic and real MRSI data showed that the proposed scheme achieves superior noise suppression (SNR increase up to 60%). In addition, this method is computationally efficient and preserves data features better than existing methods
Denoising single MR spectra by deep learning: Miracle or mirage?
PURPOSE
The inherently poor SNR of MRS measurements presents a significant hurdle to its clinical application. Denoising by machine or deep learning (DL) was proposed as a remedy. It is investigated whether such denoising leads to lower estimate uncertainties or whether it essentially reduces noise in signal-free areas only.
METHODS
Noise removal based on supervised DL with U-nets was implemented using simulated 1 H MR spectra of human brain in two approaches: (1) via time-frequency domain spectrograms and (2) using 1D spectra as input. Quality of denoising was evaluated in three ways: (1) by an adapted fit quality score, (2) by traditional model fitting, and (3) by quantification via neural networks.
RESULTS
Visually appealing spectra were obtained; hinting that denoising is well-suited for MRS. However, an adapted denoising score showed that noise removal is inhomogeneous and more efficient for signal-free areas. This was confirmed by quantitative analysis of traditional fit results as well as DL quantitation following DL denoising. DL denoising, although apparently successful as judged by mean squared errors, led to substantially biased estimates in both implementations.
CONCLUSION
The implemented DL-based denoising techniques may be useful for display purposes, but do not help quantitative evaluations, confirming expectations based on estimation theory: Cramér Rao lower bounds defined by the original data and the appropriate fitting model cannot be circumvented in an unbiased way for single data sets, unless additional prior knowledge can be incurred in the form of parameter restrictions/relations or applicable substates
MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls.
Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly benefit from noise reduction strategies. In the present work, Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) denoising is tested on Monte Carlo simulations and on in vivo DW-MRS data acquired at 9.4T in rat brain and at 3T in human brain. We provide a descriptive study of the effects observed following different MP-PCA denoising strategies (denoising the entire matrix versus using a sliding window), in terms of apparent SNR, rank selection, noise correlation within and across b-values and quantification of metabolite concentrations and fitted diffusion coefficients. MP-PCA denoising yielded an increased apparent SNR, a more accurate B0 drift correction between shots, and similar estimates of metabolite concentrations and diffusivities compared to the raw data. No spectral residuals on individual shots were observed but correlations in the noise level across shells were introduced, an effect which was mitigated using a sliding window, but which should be carefully considered
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