A Taxonomy on Misbehaving Nodes in Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are type of Intermittently Connected Networks (ICNs) featured by long delay, intermittent connectivity, asymmetric data rates and high error rates. DTNs have been primarily developed for InterPlanetary Networks (IPNs), however, have shown promising potential in challenged networks i.e. DakNet, ZebraNet, KioskNet and WiderNet. Due to unique nature of intermittent connectivity and long delay, DTNs face challenges in routing, key management, privacy, fragmentation and misbehaving nodes. Here, misbehaving nodes i.e. malicious and selfish nodes launch various attacks including flood, packet drop and fake packets attack, inevitably overuse scarce resources (e.g., buffer and bandwidth) in DTNs. The focus of this survey is on a review of misbehaving node attacks, and detection algorithms. We firstly classify various of attacks depending on the type of misbehaving nodes. Then, detection algorithms for these misbehaving nodes are categorized depending on preventive and detective based features. The panoramic view on misbehaving nodes and detection algorithms are further analyzed, evaluated mathematically through a number of performance metrics. Future directions guiding this topic are also presented

Markov Decision Processes with Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost, WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are to make optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process (MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs

Establishing trust relationships and secure channels in opportunistic networks

&nbsp;An effective system with techniques and algorithms that preserve the completeness and integrity of packets in a network and protects Opportunistic Networks from packet dropping and modification attacks has been proposed in this thesis. The techniques and attributes used to create the system involve using Merkle trees, trust, and reputation.<br /

An Empirical Estimation of CSS Cognitive Radio Network Performance under Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification Attack

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) significantly improves the performance of spectrum sensing process in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Individual spectrum sensing by a cognitive radio (CR) is often inaccurate as the channel often experiences fading and shadowing effects. CSS has been shown to have many advantages in terms of spectrum use and robustness. Despite these facts, a CSS scheme also vulnerable to many security attacks from Malicious users (MUs). In order to get unfair USAge of spectrum band, MUs can generate false spectrum sensing reports to disturb the good secondary users (SUs) decision about presence of primary user (PU). In this paper, we consider the spectrum sensing data falsification attack (SSDF) in CSS and propose the protocol to identify and eliminate the attacker or Malicious user (MU) to improve the network performance. In SSDF attack, MUs send the false spectrum sensing results to fusion center (FC) with the intension that it should make wrong decision about spectrum sensing. In this scenario, FC acts as a data collector to fuse the reports sent by SUs

Defense and traceback mechanisms in opportunistic wireless networks

&nbsp;In this thesis, we have identified a novel attack in OppNets, a special type of packet dropping attack where the malicious node(s) drops one or more packets (not all the packets) and then injects new fake packets instead. We name this novel attack as the Catabolism attack and propose a novel attack detection and traceback approach against this attack referred to as the Anabolism defence. As part of the Anabolism defence approach we have proposed three techniques: time-based, Merkle tree based and Hash chain based techniques for attack detection and malicious node(s) traceback. We provide mathematical models that show our novel detection and traceback mechanisms to be very effective and detailed simulation results show our defence mechanisms to achieve a very high accuracy and detection rate

An Innovative Technique to Avoid Traffic Jamming for VANET Using NS-2

A range of efficient control of vehicles has grown together with information and communication tools In scrupulous, with the appliance of wireless network for real world information offering, it has been feasible to create Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), an intellectual vehicle service for ease and protection, which does feasible crash accident detection and prevention, caution of hazardous aspects on road, traffic information offering, and other types of service offering. Nevertheless, the VANET service situation has physical and technical vulnerabilities sourced by the vehicular inside/outside communication based on wireless network. Thus, Vehicular protection has become known as a crucial aspect to avert malevolent threats and confidentiality defiance from vehicles, drivers, and traffic network. In this paper we proposed a scheme for discovering the routing mischief of an attacker aligned with traffic jamming. Now if the congestions take place in a particular section then in that case all vehicular nodes would produce the traffic jam indications known as Jamming declaration indications to their fellow vehicles and through that the vehicular node would modify their direction. Performances of outcomes are calculated on the basis of parameters: Packet Delivery Ratio, Routing Load and Throughput using Network Simulator (NS-2). Keywords: VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network), Vehicle security, traffic jamming, Road Side Uni

A Review of Privacy Preserving Techniques inWireless Sensor Network

This paper represents a review of privacy preserving techniques in wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are not secure. To preserve privacy of wireless sensor network various techniques are discovered. A lot of work has been done to address challenges faced to preserve privacy of wireless sensor network. In this paper we represent a research on privacy preserving techniques used in location privacy, data privacy and network privacy. This paper should provide help for further research in privacy preservation in wireless sensor network. Keywords: Context privacy, data privacy, source location privac