98 research outputs found

    Brain Computations and Connectivity [2nd edition]

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    This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Brain Computations and Connectivity is about how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current biologically plausible computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed, and updates by much new evidence including the connectivity of the human brain the earlier book: Rolls (2021) Brain Computations: What and How, Oxford University Press. Brain Computations and Connectivity will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics

    The problem of hyperbolic discounting

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    Three Risky Decades: A Time for Econophysics?

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    Our Special Issue we publish at a turning point, which we have not dealt with since World War II. The interconnected long-term global shocks such as the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and catastrophic climate change have imposed significant humanitary, socio-economic, political, and environmental restrictions on the globalization process and all aspects of economic and social life including the existence of individual people. The planet is trapped—the current situation seems to be the prelude to an apocalypse whose long-term effects we will have for decades. Therefore, it urgently requires a concept of the planet's survival to be built—only on this basis can the conditions for its development be created. The Special Issue gives evidence of the state of econophysics before the current situation. Therefore, it can provide excellent econophysics or an inter-and cross-disciplinary starting point of a rational approach to a new era

    Promoting Statistical Practice and Collaboration in Developing Countries

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    "Rarely, but just often enough to rebuild hope, something happens to confound my pessimism about the recent unprecedented happenings in the world. This book is the most recent instance, and I think that all its readers will join me in rejoicing at the good it seeks to do. It is an example of the kind of international comity and collaboration that we could and should undertake to solve various societal problems. This book is a beautiful example of the power of the possible. [It] provides a blueprint for how the LISA 2020 model can be replicated in other fields. Civil engineers, or accountants, or nurses, or any other profession could follow this outline to share expertise and build capacity and promote progress in other countries. It also contains some tutorials for statistical literacy across several fields. The details would change, of course, but ideas are durable, and the generalizations seem pretty straightforward. This book shows every other profession where and how to stand in order to move the world. I urge every researcher to get a copy!" —David Banks from the Foreword Promoting Statistical Practice and Collaboration in Developing Countries provides new insights into the current issues and opportunities in international statistics education, statistical consulting, and collaboration, particularly in developing countries around the world. The book addresses the topics discussed in individual chapters from the perspectives of the historical context, the present state, and future directions of statistical training and practice, so that readers may fully understand the challenges and opportunities in the field of statistics and data science, especially in developing countries. Features • Reference point on statistical practice in developing countries for researchers, scholars, students, and practitioners • Comprehensive source of state-of-the-art knowledge on creating statistical collaboration laboratories within the field of data science and statistics • Collection of innovative statistical teaching and learning techniques in developing countries Each chapter consists of independent case study contributions on a particular theme that are developed with a common structure and format. The common goal across the chapters is to enhance the exchange of diverse educational and action-oriented information among our intended audiences, which include practitioners, researchers, students, and statistics educators in developing countries

    Climate Change Scepticism

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    This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Climate Change Scepticism is the first ecocritical study to examine the cultures and rhetoric of climate scepticism in the UK, Germany, the USA and France. Collaboratively written by leading scholars from Europe and North America, the book considers climate skeptical-texts as literature, teasing out differences and challenging stereotypes as a way of overcoming partisan political paralysis on the most important cultural debate of our time

    Economic Progress and Emigration: Micro, Macro, and Experimental Evidence from Developing Countries

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    Jointly, this dissertation’s papers provide two highly policy-relevant insights. First, using three very different empirical approaches, my papers indicate that improving local economic opportunities discourage emigration. Hence, effective development policies can actually mitigate migration pressures. That contrasts several cross-country studies and questions the policy relevance of the migration hump. Still, other slow-moving development correlates such as educational advancement, demographic change, and structural economic transformation can increase future migration from developing countries. Second, chapter 2 and chapter 3 demonstrate that simple narratives, like the migration hump, are generally misleading because they oversimplify the complex individual and context-specific migration decision-making processes. So far, the primary focus of migration research is explaining the size of international migration flows at least in economics. Since international migration’s economic, cultural, and societal impacts crucially depend on the migrant’s characteristics (IOM, 2020), future research should focus more on self-selection into migration in heterogeneous contexts. That will enable policymakers to better anticipate future movements and their respective impacts and allow them to design policies accordingly

    ANOMALIES IN INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE: THE DELAY AND INTERVAL EFFECTS.

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    Tesis doctoral en perĂ­odo de exposiciĂłn pĂşblicaDoctorado en Ciencias EconĂłmicas, Empresariales y JurĂ­dicas (RD99/11) (8906

    Can Upward Brand Extensions be an Opportunity for Marketing Managers During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Beyond?

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    Early COVID-19 research has guided current managerial practice by introducing more products across different product categories as consumers tried to avoid perceived health risks from food shortages, i.e. horizontal brand extensions. For example, Leon, a fast-food restaurant in the UK, introduced a new range of ready meal products. However, when the food supply stabilised, availability may no longer be a concern for consumers. Instead, job losses could be a driver of higher perceived financial risks. Meanwhile, it remains unknown whether the perceived health or financial risks play a more significant role on consumers’ consumptions. Our preliminary survey shows perceived health risks outperform perceived financial risks to positively influence purchase intention during COVID-19. We suggest such a result indicates an opportunity for marketers to consider introducing premium priced products, i.e. upward brand extensions. The risk-as�feelings and signalling theories were used to explain consumer choice under risk may adopt affective heuristic processing, using minimal cognitive efforts to evaluate products. Based on this, consumers are likely to be affected by the salient high-quality and reliable product cue of upward extension signalled by its premium price level, which may attract consumers to purchase when they have high perceived health risks associated with COVID-19. Addressing this, a series of experimental studies confirm that upward brand extensions (versus normal new product introductions) can positively moderate the positive effect between perceived health risks associated with COVID-19 and purchase intention. Such an effect can be mediated by affective heuristic information processing. The results contribute to emergent COVID-19 literature and managerial practice during the pandemic but could also inform post-pandemic thinking around vertical brand extensions

    Dynamics of Corporate Venture Capital: Performance, Temporality, and Institution

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    Along with effective knowledge search and technology portfolio management, financing is an important facet of innovation management for established corporations and new enterprises alike. I study the organization and process of innovation financing in the corporate venture capital (CVC) context, which is a crucial form of interfirm equity relationship that facilitates corporate innovation by funding technological startups. This multi-method dissertation comprises three essays that jointly contribute to unpacking the dynamics and influence of resource interdependence between the corporate investor and invested venture during the CVC investment life cycle. First, I conduct a meta-analysis to unveil the link between CVC investments and various performance objectives of corporate investors and new ventures. I integrate performance measures into different conceptual categories, after which I theorize and confirm that the magnitude of CVC impact systematically differs across these categories due to heterogeneity in dependence absorption. I also find that corporate financial performance is supplemented by corporate strategic performance but attenuated by venture performance. Second, I take a closer look at the longitudinal evolution of the corporate strategic objective of technological learning, theorizing that it drives termination decisions in established CVC investments. I hypothesize that corporate strategic considerations co-evolve with the dynamics of interfirm technological dependency. In addition, this effect is conditional on the aggregate resource dependence level that can be altered by corporate exploration breadth, venture new technology, and dyadic similarity. Third, I explore the emergence of the CVC ecosystem in China and introduce a new motivation, corporate political objective, to the CVC literature that has so far neglected non-market incentives. Based on 11 interviews with elite informants and archival data, I follow a mixed-method approach that identifies the primary stakeholders and their corresponding roles in China’s CVC investment process, depicts the evolution of similarities and differences between the US and China’s CVC ecosystem, and articulates the existence and manifestation of the corporate political objective in CVC investments. Together, my findings across the three studies suggest that market and non-market objectives coexist with, and influence, each other in the process of the CVC investment life cycle, such that investment motivations and performance outcomes are based upon tradeoffs across interrelated objectives, time frames, and institutional contexts. This dissertation provides a conceptual framework and empirical foundation for the complex interaction between entrepreneurs and corporations in the CVC context to understand the interdependencies during innovation financing in a way that should prove meaningful to new venture funding, corporate entrepreneurship, investment for innovation, and resource dependency theory

    Dynamics of deception between strangers

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