722 research outputs found
Exact reconstruction with directional wavelets on the sphere
A new formalism is derived for the analysis and exact reconstruction of
band-limited signals on the sphere with directional wavelets. It represents an
evolution of the wavelet formalism developed by Antoine & Vandergheynst (1999)
and Wiaux et al. (2005). The translations of the wavelets at any point on the
sphere and their proper rotations are still defined through the continuous
three-dimensional rotations. The dilations of the wavelets are directly defined
in harmonic space through a new kernel dilation, which is a modification of an
existing harmonic dilation. A family of factorized steerable functions with
compact harmonic support which are suitable for this kernel dilation is firstly
identified. A scale discretized wavelet formalism is then derived, relying on
this dilation. The discrete nature of the analysis scales allows the exact
reconstruction of band-limited signals. A corresponding exact multi-resolution
algorithm is finally described and an implementation is tested. The formalism
is of interest notably for the denoising or the deconvolution of signals on the
sphere with a sparse expansion in wavelets. In astrophysics, it finds a
particular application for the identification of localized directional features
in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, such as the imprint of
topological defects, in particular cosmic strings, and for their reconstruction
after separation from the other signal components.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures. Version 2 matches version accepted for
publication in MNRAS. Version 3 (identical to version 2) posted for code
release announcement - "Steerable scale discretised wavelets on the sphere" -
S2DW code available for download at
http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/~jdm57/software.htm
Gaussian Processes with Monotonicity constraints for Big Data
Tämän työn tarkoitus on kehittää menetelmä monotonisuusrajoitettujen Gaussisten Prosessien käyttämiseksi suurille aineistoille. Variaatiolaskentaan perustuvaa menetelmää testataan usealla simuloidulla ja oikealla aineistolla. Uuden menetelmän prediktiivistä kykyä verrataan expectation propagation menetelmään, sekä Markov chain Monte Carlo menetelmiin. Työssä saatujen tulosten perusteella voidaan päätellä, että uusi menetelmä toimii ja sitä voidaan käyttää, kun aineistot kasvavat liian suuriksia laskennallisesti raskaille menetelmille.In this thesis, we combine recent advances in monotonicity constraints for Gaussian processes with Big Data inference of Gaussian Proceses. The new variational inference based method is developed and experimented on several simulated and real world data sets by comparing the predictive performance to Expectation Propagation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The results indicate that the new method produces good results and can be used when the data sets get so large that the computationally demanding methods cannot be used
Fast joint detection-estimation of evoked brain activity in event-related fMRI using a variational approach
In standard clinical within-subject analyses of event-related fMRI data, two
steps are usually performed separately: detection of brain activity and
estimation of the hemodynamic response. Because these two steps are inherently
linked, we adopt the so-called region-based Joint Detection-Estimation (JDE)
framework that addresses this joint issue using a multivariate inference for
detection and estimation. JDE is built by making use of a regional bilinear
generative model of the BOLD response and constraining the parameter estimation
by physiological priors using temporal and spatial information in a Markovian
modeling. In contrast to previous works that use Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) techniques to approximate the resulting intractable posterior
distribution, we recast the JDE into a missing data framework and derive a
Variational Expectation-Maximization (VEM) algorithm for its inference. A
variational approximation is used to approximate the Markovian model in the
unsupervised spatially adaptive JDE inference, which allows fine automatic
tuning of spatial regularisation parameters. It follows a new algorithm that
exhibits interesting properties compared to the previously used MCMC-based
approach. Experiments on artificial and real data show that VEM-JDE is robust
to model mis-specification and provides computational gain while maintaining
good performance in terms of activation detection and hemodynamic shape
recovery
Space-time Structure of Initial Parton Production in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
The space and time evolution of initial parton production in
ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated within the framework of
perturbative QCD which includes both initial and final state radiations.
Uncertainty principle is used to relate the life time of a radiating parton to
its virtuality and momentum. The interaction time of each hard or semihard
parton scattering is also taken into account. For central collisions at
GeV, most of the partons are found to be produced within 0.5
fm/c after the total overlap of the two colliding nuclei. The local momentum
distribution is approximately isotropical at that time. The implication on how
to treat correctly the the secondary scattering in an ultimate parton cascading
model is also discussed.Comment: 19 pages in REVTEX with 12 figures in separate uuencoded postscript
files, LBL-3415
- …