10,783 research outputs found
Blockchain And The Future of the Internet: A Comprehensive Review
Blockchain is challenging the status quo of the central trust infrastructure
currently prevalent in the Internet towards a design principle that is
underscored by decentralization, transparency, and trusted auditability. In
ideal terms, blockchain advocates a decentralized, transparent, and more
democratic version of the Internet. Essentially being a trusted and
decentralized database, blockchain finds its applications in fields as varied
as the energy sector, forestry, fisheries, mining, material recycling, air
pollution monitoring, supply chain management, and their associated operations.
In this paper, we present a survey of blockchain-based network applications.
Our goal is to cover the evolution of blockchain-based systems that are trying
to bring in a renaissance in the existing, mostly centralized, space of network
applications. While re-imagining the space with blockchain, we highlight
various common challenges, pitfalls, and shortcomings that can occur. Our aim
is to make this work as a guiding reference manual for someone interested in
shifting towards a blockchain-based solution for one's existing use case or
automating one from the ground up.Comment: Under Review in IEEE COMS
IDMoB: IoT Data Marketplace on Blockchain
Today, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are the powerhouse of data generation
with their ever-increasing numbers and widespread penetration. Similarly,
artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) solutions are getting
integrated to all kinds of services, making products significantly more
"smarter". The centerpiece of these technologies is "data". IoT device vendors
should be able keep up with the increased throughput and come up with new
business models. On the other hand, AI/ML solutions will produce better results
if training data is diverse and plentiful.
In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based, decentralized and trustless
data marketplace where IoT device vendors and AI/ML solution providers may
interact and collaborate. By facilitating a transparent data exchange platform,
access to consented data will be democratized and the variety of services
targeting end-users will increase. Proposed data marketplace is implemented as
a smart contract on Ethereum blockchain and Swarm is used as the distributed
storage platform.Comment: Presented at Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT
2018), 20-22 June 2018 - published version may diffe
Bitcoin and Decentralized Trust Protocols
Bitcoin is the first decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic currency. It
was created in November 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto released the first
implementation of the protocol in an open source client software and the
genesis of bitcoins began on January 9th 2009. The Bitcoin protocol is based on
clever ideas which solve a form of the Byzantine Generals Problem and sets the
foundation for Decentralized Trust Protocols. Still in its infancy, the
currency and the protocol have the potential to disrupt the international
financial system and other sectors where business is based on trusted third
parties. The security of the bitcoin protocol relies on strong cryptography and
one way hashing algorithms.Comment: This is a general survey article to appear on the June 2016 issue of
the Newsletter of the EMS. 8 pages, 5 figure
ISMA-DS/CDMA MAC protocol for mobile packet radio networks
In this paper an ISMA-DS/CDMA MAC protocol for a packet transmission network is presented. The main feature of this protocol is its ability to retain the inherent flexibility of random access protocols while at the same time reducing to some extent the randomness in the access in order to increase the system capacity. In this framework, the protocol is adapted to a frame structure similar to that specified in the UTRA ETSI proposal for third generation mobile communication systems. Additionally, some adaptive mechanisms are proposed that improve protocol performance by means of varying the transmission bit rate according to the channel load that is broadcast by the base station. As a result, an adaptive bit rate algorithm is presented that reaches a throughput value close to the optimumPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Efficiency of financial micro intermediation in the WAEMU countries: A stochastic frontier production analysis.
This paper investigates the efficacy and technical efficiency of financial micro intermediation in the productive process of the WAEMU economies over the period 2002-2007 using a stochastic frontier production model with technical inefficiency effects. Four specific variables of the financial dualism deepening and the financial micro intermediation are considered: the ratio of microcredit to GDP, the microcredit growth rate, the share of microcredit in the economy financing due to the private sector and the agents preference for decentralized deposits. Our findings show that the four variables have positive effect on technical efficiency with 0.6 of semi-elasticity estimated on average whereas bank loans have on average only 0.3 on average. We conclude that the financial micro intermediation development which results from the financial dualism deepening makes it possible to almost double increase the productive efficiency in WAEMU area.Financial micro intermediation, financial dualism, stochastic frontier, technical efficiency, WAEMU
Dynamic Resource Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Convex Optimization Perspective
This article provides an overview of the state-of-art results on
communication resource allocation over space, time, and frequency for emerging
cognitive radio (CR) wireless networks. Focusing on the
interference-power/interference-temperature (IT) constraint approach for CRs to
protect primary radio transmissions, many new and challenging problems
regarding the design of CR systems are formulated, and some of the
corresponding solutions are shown to be obtainable by restructuring some
classic results known for traditional (non-CR) wireless networks. It is
demonstrated that convex optimization plays an essential role in solving these
problems, in a both rigorous and efficient way. Promising research directions
on interference management for CR and other related multiuser communication
systems are discussed.Comment: to appear in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, special issue on convex
optimization for signal processin
General Auction-Theoretic Strategies for Distributed Partner Selection in Cooperative Wireless Networks
It is unrealistic to assume that all nodes in an ad hoc wireless network
would be willing to participate in cooperative communication, especially if
their desired Quality-of- Service (QoS) is achievable via direct transmission.
An incentivebased auction mechanism is presented to induce cooperative behavior
in wireless networks with emphasis on users with asymmetrical channel fading
conditions. A single-object secondprice auction is studied for cooperative
partner selection in singlecarrier networks. In addition, a multiple-object
bundled auction is analyzed for the selection of multiple simultaneous partners
in a cooperative orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) setting. For
both cases, we characterize equilibrium outage probability performance, seller
revenue, and feedback bounds. The auction-based partner selection allows
winning bidders to achieve their desired QoS while compensating the seller who
assists them. At the local level sellers aim for revenue maximization, while
connections are drawn to min-max fairness at the network level. The proposed
strategies for partner selection in self-configuring cooperative wireless
networks are shown to be robust under conditions of uncertainty in the number
of users requesting cooperation, as well as minimal topology and channel link
information available to individual users.Comment: 13 pages, to appear, IEEE Transactions on Communication
Blockchain for Future Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey
The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision of the
conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of integrating green and
renewable energy technologies. In this way, Internet-connected smart grid, also
called energy Internet, is also emerging as an innovative approach to ensure
the energy from anywhere at any time. The ultimate goal of these developments
is to build a sustainable society. However, integrating and coordinating a
large number of growing connections can be a challenging issue for the
traditional centralized grid system. Consequently, the smart grid is undergoing
a transformation to the decentralized topology from its centralized form. On
the other hand, blockchain has some excellent features which make it a
promising application for smart grid paradigm. In this paper, we aim to provide
a comprehensive survey on application of blockchain in smart grid. As such, we
identify the significant security challenges of smart grid scenarios that can
be addressed by blockchain. Then, we present a number of blockchain-based
recent research works presented in different literatures addressing security
issues in the area of smart grid. We also summarize several related practical
projects, trials, and products that have been emerged recently. Finally, we
discuss essential research challenges and future directions of applying
blockchain to smart grid security issues.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 5 table
Blockchain Enabled Privacy Preserving Data Audit
Data owners upload large files to cloud storage servers, but malicious
servers may potentially tamper data. To check integrity of remote data, Proof
of Retrievability (PoR) schemes were introduced. Existing PoR protocols assume
that data owners and third-party auditors are honest and audit only the
potentially malicious cloud server to check integrity of stored data. In this
paper we consider a system where any party may attempt to cheat others and
consider collusion cases. We design a protocol that is secure under such
adversarial assumptions and use blockchain smart contracts to act as mediator
in case of dispute and payment settlement. We use state channels to reduce
blockchain interactions in order to build a practical audit solution. We
implement and evaluate a prototype using Ethereum as the blockchain platform
and show that our scheme has comparable performance
Technological systems and momentum change: American electric utilities, restructuring, and distributed generation
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