787 research outputs found

    SUTMS - Unified Threat Management Framework for Home Networks

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    Home networks were initially designed for web browsing and non-business critical applications. As infrastructure improved, internet broadband costs decreased, and home internet usage transferred to e-commerce and business-critical applications. Today’s home computers host personnel identifiable information and financial data and act as a bridge to corporate networks via remote access technologies like VPN. The expansion of remote work and the transition to cloud computing have broadened the attack surface for potential threats. Home networks have become the extension of critical networks and services, hackers can get access to corporate data by compromising devices attacked to broad- band routers. All these challenges depict the importance of home-based Unified Threat Management (UTM) systems. There is a need of unified threat management framework that is developed specifically for home and small networks to address emerging security challenges. In this research, the proposed Smart Unified Threat Management (SUTMS) framework serves as a comprehensive solution for implementing home network security, incorporating firewall, anti-bot, intrusion detection, and anomaly detection engines into a unified system. SUTMS is able to provide 99.99% accuracy with 56.83% memory improvements. IPS stands out as the most resource-intensive UTM service, SUTMS successfully reduces the performance overhead of IDS by integrating it with the flow detection mod- ule. The artifact employs flow analysis to identify network anomalies and categorizes encrypted traffic according to its abnormalities. SUTMS can be scaled by introducing optional functions, i.e., routing and smart logging (utilizing Apriori algorithms). The research also tackles one of the limitations identified by SUTMS through the introduction of a second artifact called Secure Centralized Management System (SCMS). SCMS is a lightweight asset management platform with built-in security intelligence that can seamlessly integrate with a cloud for real-time updates

    Mayhem: Targeted Corruption of Register and Stack Variables

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    In the past decade, many vulnerabilities were discovered in microarchitectures which yielded attack vectors and motivated the study of countermeasures. Further, architectural and physical imperfections in DRAMs led to the discovery of Rowhammer attacks which give an adversary power to introduce bit flips in a victim's memory space. Numerous studies analyzed Rowhammer and proposed techniques to prevent it altogether or to mitigate its effects. In this work, we push the boundary and show how Rowhammer can be further exploited to inject faults into stack variables and even register values in a victim's process. We achieve this by targeting the register value that is stored in the process's stack, which subsequently is flushed out into the memory, where it becomes vulnerable to Rowhammer. When the faulty value is restored into the register, it will end up used in subsequent iterations. The register value can be stored in the stack via latent function calls in the source or by actively triggering signal handlers. We demonstrate the power of the findings by applying the techniques to bypass SUDO and SSH authentication. We further outline how MySQL and other cryptographic libraries can be targeted with the new attack vector. There are a number of challenges this work overcomes with extensive experimentation before coming together to yield an end-to-end attack on an OpenSSL digital signature: achieving co-location with stack and register variables, with synchronization provided via a blocking window. We show that stack and registers are no longer safe from the Rowhammer attack

    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum

    Using experiment and first-principles to explore the stability of solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries

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    Cotutelle entre l'Université de Montréal et l'Université catholique de LouvainLes batteries aux ions lithium (BIL) sont considérées comme la technologie la plus prometteuse en matière de stockage d’énergie. Elles possèdent les plus hautes densités d’énergie connues, permettant la miniaturisation constante des appareils électroniques commercialisés. La recherche dans le domaine des BIL s’est plus récemment tournée vers leur implémentation dans les véhicules électriques, qui nécessitera de plus hautes densités d’énergie et de puissance . Une manière concrète d’augmenter la densité d’énergie d’une BIL est d’en augmenter le voltage de cellule. Pour se faire, la nouvelle génération de batteries sera composée de matériaux d’électrode positive à haut potentiel (tel que LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 avec un potentiel de 4.7 V vs. Li+ /Li) et de lithium métallique en électrode négative. Néanmoins, l’introduction de ces matériaux d’électrode positive à haut potentiel est limitée par la stabilité électrochimique de l’électrolyte liquide conventionnel, composé d’un sel de lithium et de solvants organiques (typiquement LiPF6 + EC/DEC), qui s’oxyde autour de 4.2 V vs. Li+/Li , . L’utilisation du lithium métallique comme électrode négative est entravée par la nature liquide de l’électrolyte conventionnel, qui n’offre pas assez de résistance mécanique pour empêcher la formation de dendrites de lithium, causant à terme le court-circuit de la batterie. De tels courts-circuits présentent un risque d’incendie car les électrolytes liquides sont composés de solvants organiques inflammables à basse température, posant un sérieux problème de sécurité. Les électrolytes solides, de type céramique ou polymères, sont développés en alternative aux électrolytes liquides. Ils ne contiennent aucun solvant inflammable et sont stables à haute température. Ils constituent l’élément clé d’une nouvelle génération de batteries au lithium dite batteries au lithium tout-solide. Ces dernières sont développées pour répondre à des attentes élevées en termes de sécurité, de stabilité et de haute densité d’énergie. Les électrolytes solides doivent satisfaire un certain nombre d'exigences avant de pouvoir être commercialisés, notamment posséder une conductivité ionique élevée, une large fenêtre de stabilité électrochimique et une conductivité électronique négligeable. Ces propriétés constituent les critères les plus importants à prendre en compte pour la sélection de matériaux d’électrolytes solides. Cependant, on remarque dans la littérature que la majorité des études se concentre sur la conductivité ionique des électrolytes solides, reléguant au second plan l’exploration de leurs stabilité électrochimique et conductivité électronique. La fenêtre de stabilité électrochimique a longtemps été annoncée comme étant très large chez les électrolytes solides céramiques (au moins de 0 à 5 V vs. Li+/Li). Néanmoins, des études plus récentes tendent à démontrer que la valeur de cette fenêtre dépend grandement de la méthode électrochimique utilisée pour la mesurer, et qu’elle est de surcroit souvent surestimée. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de cette thèse a été de développer une méthode pertinente pour déterminer la fenêtre de stabilité des électrolytes solides avec précision. Cette méthode a été optimisée et validée sur des électrolytes solides céramiques phare comme Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 et Li7La3Zr2O12. Quant à la conductivité électronique, elle est rarement étudiée dans les électrolytes solides, qui sont considérés comme isolants électroniques compte tenu de leur large bande interdite. Cela dit, de récentes études à ce sujet prouvent que malgré leur bande interdite, les électrolytes solides peuvent générer de la conductivité électronique par le biais de défauts, et que celle-ci, même faible, peut éventuellement mettre l’électrolyte en échec. Pour cette raison, le second objectif de ce projet de thèse a été d’explorer la formation de défauts dans les électrolytes solides afin de déterminer leur effet sur la génération de conductivité électronique. Pour avoir une vision d’ensemble, les premiers-principes ont été utilisés pour étudier six électrolytes solides largement utilisés notamment LiGe2(PO4)3, LiTi2(PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O12, et Li3PS4.Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered the most promising energy storage technology. LIBs electrode materials have the highest known energy densities, allowing the constant miniaturization of commercial electronic devices. Research in the field of LIBs has more recently turned to their implementation in electric vehicles, which will require higher energy and power densities . A concrete way to increase the energy density of LIBs is to increase the cell voltage. To do so, the new generation of batteries will be composed of high potential positive electrode materials (such as LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 with a potential of 4.7 V vs. Li+/Li) and metallic lithium in the negative electrode. Nevertheless, the introduction of these high potential positive electrode materials is limited by the electrochemical stability of conventional liquid electrolytes, composed of a lithium salt and organic solvents (LiPF6 + EC/DEC), which gets oxidized around 4.2 V vs. Li+/Li , . The use of metallic lithium as the negative electrode is also hindered by the liquid nature of the conventional electrolyte, which does not offer enough mechanical resistance to prevent the formation of lithium dendrites, ultimately causing a short-circuit of the battery. Such short-circuits are likely to lead to thermal runaway because liquid electrolytes are composed of organic solvents that are flammable at low temperature, posing a serious safety issue. Solid electrolytes, based on ceramics or polymers, are developed as an alternative to liquid electrolytes. They contain no flammable solvents and are stable at high temperatures. They are the key element of a new generation of lithium batteries called all-solid-state lithium batteries. These are developed to meet high expectations in terms of safety, stability and high energy density. Solid electrolytes must satisfy a number of requirements before they can be commercialized, including possessing a high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical stability window and negligible electronic conductivity. These properties are the most important criteria to consider when selecting solid electrolyte materials. However, the majority of studies found in the literature focuses on the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, overshadowing the exploration of their electrochemical stability and electronic conductivity. The electrochemical stability window has long been reported to be very wide in ceramic solid electrolytes (at least from 0 to 5 V vs. Li+/Li). Nevertheless, more recent studies tend to show that the value of this window depends greatly on the electrochemical method used to measure it, and that it is often overestimated. In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to develop a relevant method to determine the stability window of solid electrolytes with precision. This method was optimized and validated on flagship ceramic solid electrolytes such as Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and Li7La3Zr2O12. As for the electronic conductivity, it is scarcely studied in solid electrolytes, which are considered as electronic insulators given their wide band gaps. That being said, more recent studies on this subject proved that despite their band gap, solid electrolytes can generate electronic conductivity through defects, and that electronic conductivity, even if it is weak, can eventually cause the failure of the electrolyte. For this reason, the second objective of this thesis project was to explore the formation of defects in solid electrolytes in order to determine their effect on the generation of electronic conductivity. To get a better overview, first-principles were used to investigate six widely used ceramic solid electrolytes, including LiGe2(PO4)3, LiTi2(PO4)3, Li7La3Zr2O12, and Li3PS4

    CNN-based Prediction of Partition Path for VVC Fast Inter Partitioning Using Motion Fields

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    The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard has been recently finalized by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). Compared to the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, VVC offers about 50% compression efficiency gain, in terms of Bjontegaard Delta-Rate (BD-rate), at the cost of a 10-fold increase in encoding complexity. In this paper, we propose a method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to speed up the inter partitioning process in VVC. Firstly, a novel representation for the quadtree with nested multi-type tree (QTMT) partition is introduced, derived from the partition path. Secondly, we develop a U-Net-based CNN taking a multi-scale motion vector field as input at the Coding Tree Unit (CTU) level. The purpose of CNN inference is to predict the optimal partition path during the Rate-Distortion Optimization (RDO) process. To achieve this, we divide CTU into grids and predict the Quaternary Tree (QT) depth and Multi-type Tree (MT) split decisions for each cell of the grid. Thirdly, an efficient partition pruning algorithm is introduced to employ the CNN predictions at each partitioning level to skip RDO evaluations of unnecessary partition paths. Finally, an adaptive threshold selection scheme is designed, making the trade-off between complexity and efficiency scalable. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve acceleration ranging from 16.5% to 60.2% under the RandomAccess Group Of Picture 32 (RAGOP32) configuration with a reasonable efficiency drop ranging from 0.44% to 4.59% in terms of BD-rate, which surpasses other state-of-the-art solutions. Additionally, our method stands out as one of the lightest approaches in the field, which ensures its applicability to other encoders

    PENGARUH FITUR LAYANAN, KEAMANAN DAN KEMUDAHAN PENGGUNAAN E-WALLET TERHADAP TRANSAKSI MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN E-WALLET APLIKASI DANA (Studi Pada Mahasiswa UIN RIL Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam)

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    ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat mendorong adanya kompetisi yang ketat di dunia bisnis dan mendominasi aktivitas manusia yang mempermudah kegiatan seperti penggunaan e�wallet sebagai alat pembayaran atau transaksi yang meningkat sejak pandemi Covid-19 yang diumumkan pemerintah pada bulan maret 2020 lalu dikarenakan adanya dampak pandemi covid-19 dimana segala aktivitas dilakukan secara online. E-wallet aplikasi DANA berhasil memperoleh peringkat pertama e-wallet yang paling banyak diketahui masyarakat Indonesia. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu apakah fitur layanan, keamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan e�wallet baik secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transaksi mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN RIL menggunakan e-wallet aplikasi DANA dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fitur layanan, keamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan e-wallet terhadap transaksi mahasiswa menggunakan e-wallet aplikasi DANA baik secara parsial maupun simultan dan dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode pengujian statistik. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner melalui google form. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 1165 mahasiswa dan sampel yang diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 92 responden. Metoode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program IBM SPSS Versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel fitur layanan (X1), keamanan (X2) dan kemudahan penggunaan (X3) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transaksi mahasiswa mengunakan e-wallet aplikasi DANA baik secara parsial maupun simultan dan dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Kata kunci : Fitur Layanan, Keamanan, Kemudahan Penggunaan, Transaksi menggunakan e-wallet aplikasi DANA. ABSTRACT The rapid development of technology encourages intense competition in the business world and dominates human activities that facilitate activities such as the use of e-wallets as a means of payment or transactions that have increased since the Covid-19 pandemic which was announced by the government in March 2020 due to the impact of the covid pandemic -19 where all activities are carried out online. The DANA application e-wallet has succeeded in obtaining the first rank of e-wallet that is most widely known by the people of Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether service features, security, and ease of use of e-wallets either partially or simultaneously have a significant effect on student transactions of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Islam UIN RIL using the DANA application e-wallet in an Islamic economic perspective. Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims to determine the effect of service features, security, and ease of use of e-wallets on student transactions using the DANA application e-wallet both partially and simultaneously and from an Islamic economic perspective. This study uses a quantitative approach method. Quantitative research using statistical testing methods. The type of data used in this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. The population in this study was 1165 students and samples taken using the purposive sampling method were 92 respondents. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS Version 25 program. The results of the study show that the variable service features (X1), security (X2), and ease of use (X3) have a significant effect on student transactions using the DANA application e-wallet both partially and simultaneously and in an Islamic economic perspective. Keywords: Service Features, Security, Ease of Use, Transactions using the DANA application e-wallet

    The Breakup of the Bell System and its Impact on US Innovation

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    We analyze the effects of the 1984 breakup of the Bell System on the rate, diversity, and direction of US innovation. In the antitrust case leading to the breakup, AT&T, the holding company of the Bell System, was accused of using exclusionary practices against competitors. The breakup was intended to end these practices. After the breakup, the scale and diversity of telecommunications innovation increased. Total patenting by US inventors related to telecommunications increased by 19%, driven by companies unrelated to the Bell System. Patenting by Bell's successor companies decreased, but not the number of top inventions
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