IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Big Data Technology and Applications in Intelligent Transportation

During the last few years, information technology and transportation industries, along with automotive manufacturers and academia, are focusing on leveraging intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to improve services related to driver experience, connected cars, Internet data plans for vehicles, traffic infrastructure, urban transportation systems, traffic collaborative management, road traffic accidents analysis, road traffic flow prediction, public transportation service plan, personal travel route plans, and the development of an effective ecosystem for vehicles, drivers, traffic controllers, city planners, and transportation applications. Moreover, the emerging technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing have provided unprecedented opportunities for the development and realization of innovative intelligent transportation systems where sensors and mobile devices can gather information and cloud computing, allowing knowledge discovery, information sharing, and supported decision making. However, the development of such data-driven ITS requires the integration, processing, and analysis of plentiful information obtained from millions of vehicles, traffic infrastructures, smartphones, and other collaborative systems like weather stations and road safety and early warning systems. The huge amount of data generated by ITS devices is only of value if utilized in data analytics for decision-making such as accident prevention and detection, controlling road risks, reducing traffic carbon emissions, and other applications which bring big data analytics into the picture

Numerical Weather Prediction Applied to Aeronautical Meteorology : Study of Local Hazardous Phenomena

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, leída el 27-11-2020Aviation and meteorology are intrinsically related. Even if the safety level of the industry is indisputable, the sustained growth represents a constant challenge to maintain the standards assumed today. In this task weather hazards are one of the priorities, as some of these still pose alarge risk for aircraft operation. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to improve the knowledge of numerical weather prediction models when applied to aeronautical meteorology events. This is done by means of the evaluation of four different hazards: mountain wave icing, low visibility, deep convective precipitation and microbursts. These phenomena are linked not only by the disruption they may create to aircraft operation, but also by the fact that they can occur in very local and reduced spatiotemporal domains, which renders them very difficult to predict. The events are analysed using simulations run by a mesoscale atmospheric numerica lmodel, mostly the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Different parametrizations and configurations are tested. Several skill scores and validation methods are applied, adapted to each phenomenon. Other nowcasting techniques, not based in numerical weather prediction, are used to support the assessment...La aviación y la meteorología están intrínsecamente relacionadas. A pesar de que los niveles de seguridad operacional de la industria son indiscutibles, el crecimiento sostenido supone un desafío constante para mantener los estándares asumidos a día de hoy. En esta tarea, los peligros relacionados con la meteorología son una de las prioridades, ya que algunos de ellos todavía suponen un gran riesgo para la operación de aeronaves. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctorales mejorar el conocimiento de la predicción numérica aplicada a eventos de meteorología aeronáutica. El mismo se lleva a cabo a través de la evaluación de cuatro eventos peligrosos diferentes: engelamiento en onda de montaña, baja visibilidad, precipitación por convección profunda y micro bursts. Estos fenómenos están relacionados no solo por la alteración que pueden ocasionar en la operación de aeronaves, sino también por el hecho de que pueden darse endominios espacio-temporales muy reducidos y locales, lo cual los hace muy difíciles de predecir. Los eventos se analizan usando simulaciones realizadas con un modelo atmosférico mesoescalar, mayormente el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Se prueban diferentes parametrizaciones y configuraciones. También se aplican diferentes métodos de validación y criterios de cualificación. La evaluación se complementa con el uso de otras técnicas de nowcasting, no basadas en predicción numérica...Fac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

Social-ecological soundscapes: examining aircraft-harvester-caribou conflict in Arctic Alaska

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2017As human development expands across the Arctic, it is crucial to carefully assess the impacts to remote natural ecosystems and to indigenous communities that rely on wild resources for nutritional and cultural wellbeing. Because indigenous communities and wildlife populations are interdependent, assessing how human activities impact traditional harvest practices can advance our understanding of the human dimensions of wildlife management. Indigenous communities across Arctic Alaska have expressed concern over the last four decades that low-flying aircraft interfere with their traditional harvest practices. For example, communities often have testified that aircraft disturb caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and thereby reduce harvest opportunities. Despite this longstanding concern, little research exists on the extent of aircraft activity in Arctic Alaska and on how aircraft affect the behavior and perceptions of harvesters. Therefore, the overarching goal of my research was to highlight the importance of aircraft-harvester conflict in Arctic Alaska and begin to address the issue using a scientific and community-driven approach. In Chapter 1, I demonstrated that conflict between aircraft and indigenous harvesters in Arctic Alaska is a widespread, understudied, and complex issue. By conducting a meta-analysis of the available literature, I quantified the deficiency of scientific knowledge about the impacts of aircraft on rural communities and traditional harvest practices in the Arctic. My results indicated that no peer-reviewed literature has addressed the conflict between low-flying aircraft and traditional harvesters in Arctic Alaska. I speculated that the scale over which aircraft, rural communities, and wildlife interact limits scientists' ability to determine causal relationships and therefore detracts from their interest in researching the human dimension of this social-ecological system. Innovative research approaches like soundscape ecology could begin to quantify interactions and provide baseline data that may foster mitigation discourses among stakeholders. In Chapter 2, I employed a soundscape-ecology approach to address concerns about aircraft activity expressed by the Alaska Native community of Nuiqsut. Nuiqsut faces the greatest volume of aircraft activity of any community in Arctic Alaska because of its proximity to intensive oil and gas activity. However, information on when and where these aircraft are flying is unavailable to residents, managers, and researchers. I worked closely with Nuiqsut residents to deploy acoustic monitoring systems along important caribou harvest corridors during the peak of caribou harvest, from early June through late August 2016. This method successfully captured aircraft sound and the community embraced my science for addressing local priorities. I found aircraft activity levels near Nuiqsut and surrounding oil developments (12 daily events) to be approximately six times greater than in areas over 30 km from the village (two daily events). Aircraft sound disturbance was 26 times lower in undeveloped areas (Noise Free Interval =13 hrs) than near human development (NFI = 0.5 hrs). My study provided baseline data on aircraft activity and noise levels. My research could be used by stakeholders and managers to develop conflict avoidance agreements and minimize interference with traditional harvest practices. Soundscape methods could be adapted to rural regions across Alaska that may be experiencing conflict with aircraft or other sources of noise that disrupt human-wildlife interactions. By quantifying aircraft activity using a soundscape approach, I demonstrated a novel application of an emerging field in ecology and provided the first scientific data on one dimension of a larger social-ecological system. Future soundscape studies should be integrated with research on both harvester and caribou behaviors to understand how the components within this system are interacting over space and time. Understanding the long-term impacts to traditional harvest practices will require integrated, cross-disciplinary efforts that collaborate with communities and other relevant stakeholders. Finally, my research will likely spark efforts to monitor and mitigate aircraft impacts to wildlife populations and traditional harvest practices across Alaska, helping to inform a decision-making process currently hindered by an absence of objective data

Future Transportation

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation activities account for approximately 20 percent of all carbon dioxide (co2) emissions globally, making the transportation sector a major contributor to the current global warming. This book focuses on the latest advances in technologies aiming at the sustainable future transportation of people and goods. A reduction in burning fossil fuel and technological transitions are the main approaches toward sustainable future transportation. Particular attention is given to automobile technological transitions, bike sharing systems, supply chain digitalization, and transport performance monitoring and optimization, among others

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 122, December 1973

This special bibliography lists 343 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in November 1973

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 128, May 1974

This special bibliography lists 282 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1974

Social work with airports passengers

Social work at the airport is in to offer to passengers social services. The main methodological position is that people are under stress, which characterized by a particular set of characteristics in appearance and behavior. In such circumstances passenger attracts in his actions some attention. Only person whom he trusts can help him with the documents or psychologically

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 353)

This bibliography lists 238 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System in August 1991. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, biotechnology, human factors engineering, and flight crew behavior and performance

Aerospace medicine and biology: A cumulative index to the continuing bibliography of the 1973 issues

A cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 112 through 123 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology A Continuing Bibliography is presented. It includes three indexes: subject, personal author, and corporate source