Formula SAE cooling system design and optimization

Using a systems engineering approach to engine cooling design we will develop a cooling system that will provide reliable powertrain operation under all vehicle operating conditions. This will include vehicle operation from a cold start to full throttle. Our vehicle will be capable of completing a 16 mile race without overheating. Customer requirements and expectations, business and project requirements, and external requirements will all be identified in the systems partitioning phase of our project. This will allow our team to properly identify all external factors that need to be taken into consideration for our design. Ideal function, control factors, noise factors, side effects, and potential failure modes coupled with external requirements will allow for most optimal design to be attained. During our testing procedure (see Appendix N) we will utilize a Land and Sea Dynamometer to simulate an appropriate vehicle load. A system of fans, and heaters will also be used to simulate various driving and ambient conditions. A grid of sensors will be placed at various locations on the engine (see Figures 1-3) to acquire all data needed for design. After all relevant information is obtained we will make the proper correlations between any relevant fields of data. This analysis will allow our team to properly size the radiator / fan unit, water pump, header tank, swirl pot, hose diameters, clamps, and overflow. The principles of heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics will be applied

Sistem Portable Dashboard Berbasis Android untuk Mobil Listrik

In the development of an electric car, many things should be considered for making it an environmentally friendly vehicle and therefore it is suitable for public use, one of them is the dashboard system. A dashboard is an interface device that connects the driver with the electrical and mechanical systems of the vehicle. In this study a dashboard system was developed to display information about electrical aspects of electric cars. The dashboard system is packaged in an Android-based smartphone that is placed on the steering wheel of the car using Bluetooth transmission. The system that is made is portable and universal on all Android smartphones so that with this system the driver can monitor the electrical condition easily and conveniently. The parameters displayed are battery voltage and capacity, current consumption, BLDC motor rotational speed, motor temperature, battery temperature, car speed and energy consumption. This system creates a reading value for each parameter that corresponds to the ratio of the standardized measuring instrument with an average error of 0.38% for the voltage sensor, 1.06% for the current sensor, 1.21% and 2.98% for the temperature sensor, 0.07% for the speed sensor and the use of the coulomb counting method for reading the state of charge (SoC) value produces an average error of 1.57%. By comparing the value of energy consumption reading with a standard wattmeter, we obtained an average difference of 1.69%

Lap time simulation for racing car design

Racing teams use numerous computational tools (CAD, FEA, CFD) to aid in the design of racing cars and the development of their performance. Computer simulation of racing car handling through Lap Time Simulation (LTS) packages complements these tools. It also allows teams to examine the effect of different vehicle parameter setups to optimise vehicle performance. In similarity with the automotive industry, time is limited and rapid development of new ideas and technology is essential. Thus, the use of a more sophisticated computer simulation would allow a team to gain a significant advantage over their competitors. As LTS are computationally intensive,previous packages have simulateda full lap using a quasi-static method which splits the path of the vehicle into segments. An analysis is then made of the vehicle at each segment point using the external forces acting on the vehicle. Due to the constant acceleration(i.e. steady state) assumption across each segment, this method does not take into account the effect of roll, pitch and yaw inertia as well as damping and tyre lag effects. Another aspect that is not accounted for is the variation in the fastest effective vehicle path along the circuit (i.e.racing line) due to change in driver control inputs or vehicle parameters. The overall aim of this thesis is to develop a transient LTS methodology, which adopts a strategy to vary the racing line taken in order to address the problems found with the existing quasi-static LTS packages. In parallel an investigation of the accuracy of vehicle models in relationship to racing car performance has been developed. The thesis begins with a study of racing car modelling techniques and a review of current LTS packages. A description is then given of the collection of vehicle handlingd ataf rom an actualr acingc ar (alongw ith attaining a vehicle parametesr et) and the measured results displayed and discussed. The creation of two vehicle models, a simple and sophisticated version, is detailed and the measured results are compared to the simulated results of each vehicle model. It was found that the simple vehicle model does not fully represent the actual vehicle's lateral dynamic behaviour, although its steady state response was deemed to be accurate. The sophisticated vehicle model was seen to not only accurately predict the full range of lateral dynamic behaviour of the actual vehicle, but also the actual vehicle's longitudinal and combined lateral and longitudinal dynamic behaviour. To further investigate LTS techniques, a comparison study was made between various simulation approaches which indicated that the transient approach, although more complicated and time consuming, allows for more accurate tuning of a greater number of vehicle parameters. Finally, the creation of two simulation packages has been detailed and case studies are presented to provide further insight into the look and feel of the packages. The first package is a quasi-static approach based LTS package, where a case study is made into the sensitivity of overall lap time to a range of vehicle parameters. The second is a transient approach based simulation package which optimises the driver controls,varying the racing line taken by the vehicle and ensuring the manoeuvre is completed in the quickest time for that vehicle parameter set. This final Manoeuvre Time Minimisation package fulfils the overall aim of the thesis and a case study is made into the effect of front damping value on manoeuvre completion time