211 research outputs found

    Joint UK/US Radar Program. Progress reports, March 1, 1995--March 31, 1995

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    The future of computing beyond Moore's Law.

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    Moore's Law is a techno-economic model that has enabled the information technology industry to double the performance and functionality of digital electronics roughly every 2 years within a fixed cost, power and area. Advances in silicon lithography have enabled this exponential miniaturization of electronics, but, as transistors reach atomic scale and fabrication costs continue to rise, the classical technological driver that has underpinned Moore's Law for 50 years is failing and is anticipated to flatten by 2025. This article provides an updated view of what a post-exascale system will look like and the challenges ahead, based on our most recent understanding of technology roadmaps. It also discusses the tapering of historical improvements, and how it affects options available to continue scaling of successors to the first exascale machine. Lastly, this article covers the many different opportunities and strategies available to continue computing performance improvements in the absence of historical technology drivers. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science'

    ACUTA Journal of Telecommunications in Higher Education

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    In This Issue The Buzz on E-Biz Eliminating the Paper Trail SAM Comes to UMC B2B and Directory Services: Opportunities and Challenges Telecommunications and the Digital Campus Managing E-Business at UCSB Binghamton lnstalls a High- Speed Optical Fiber Network Amherst Takes to the Air Columns Intervie

    Joint UK/US Radar Program. Progress report, August 1, 1995--August 31, 1995

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    Monitoring-Based Commissioning: Early Results from a Portfolio of University Campus Projects

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    Owned Energy Utilities are collaborating in an innovative new program to retro-commission campus facilities with the assistance of permanently installed energy monitoring equipment and trending capability. This monitoring-based commissioning (MBCx) effort spans 25 campuses, with nine projects for plant systems and 37 projects for buildings. Half of the buildings include laboratory or other energy-intensive space. The program is a part of the implementation of the UC Green Building and Clean Energy Policy, the similar CSU policy, and the California Investor Owned Utility (IOU) customer funded Energy Efficiency Program. Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx) employs remote energy system metering with trend log capability to identify previously unrecognized inefficiencies in energy system operations, facilitate the application of diagnostic protocols, document energy savings from operational improvements, and ensure persistence of savings through ongoing recommissioning. The program emphasizes training of campus staff in commissioning techniques including monitoring and diagnostic protocols. The program is also demonstrating the potential for MBCx to identify previously unrecognized cost-effective retrofit opportunities. In addition, the monitoring equipment will provide enhanced benchmarking capability for campuses-aiding in overall energy management efforts, as wells as design of new buildings and infrastructure. Based on the success of preceding efforts on university campuses and supported by research and development efforts, this synergy of retro commissioning practices and enhanced permanent monitoring results in a robust energy efficiency program. The monitoring supports persistence of savings for the commissioning effort, while the commissioning makes the monitoring action-oriented with energy savings the end-result. The first project results indicate more energy use reduction than expected, making this a promising approach for California universities and indicating potential for other programs as well. The 2004-05 effort is serving as a pilot -with the identification of best practices to form the basis for an expansion of the program to a large portion of the 160 million gross square feet of floor area in the two university systems. He has worked exclusively in consulting for facility energy efficiency for thirty years. This work has included energy efficiency analysis of sites ranging from Manhattan high rises to nuclear power plants to food processing facilities to amusement parks. He has performed energy efficiency work on five continents. He has also participated in cogeneration, photovoltaic, and alternate fuel construction projects

    Modality-Specific Effects of Perceptual Load in Multimedia Processing

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    Digital media are sensory-rich, multimodal, and often highly interactive. An extensive collection of theories and models within the field of media psychology assume the multimodal nature of media stimuli, yet there is current ambiguity as to the independent contributions of visual and auditory content to message complexity and to resource availability in the human processing system. In this article, we argue that explicating the concepts of perceptual and cognitive load can create progress toward a deeper understanding of modality-specific effects in media processing. In addition, we report findings from an experiment showing that perceptual load leads to modality-specific reductions in resource availability, whereas cognitive load leads to a modality-general reduction in resource availability. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the critical importance of separating modality-specific forms of load in an increasingly multisensory media environment

    Modality-Specific Effects of Perceptual Load in Multimedia Processing

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    Digital media are sensory-rich, multimodal, and often highly interactive. An extensive collection of theories and models within the field of media psychology assume the multimodal nature of media stimuli, yet there is current ambiguity as to the independent contributions of visual and auditory content to message complexity and to resource availability in the human processing system. In this article, we argue that explicating the concepts of perceptual and cognitive load can create progress toward a deeper understanding of modality-specific effects in media processing. In addition, we report findings from an experiment showing that perceptual load leads to modality-specific reductions in resource availability, whereas cognitive load leads to a modality-general reduction in resource availability. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the critical importance of separating modality-specific forms of load in an increasingly multisensory media environment

    Experimental Demonstration of Partially Disaggregated Optical Network Control Using the Physical Layer Digital Twin

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    Optical communications and networking are fast becoming the solution to support ever-increasing data traffic across all segments of the network, expanding from core/metro networks to 5G/6G front-hauling. Therefore, optical networks need to evolve towards an efficient exploitation of the infrastructure by overcoming the closed and aggregated paradigm, to enable apparatus sharing together with the slicing and separation of the optical data plane from the optical control. In addition to the advantages in terms of efficiency and cost reduction, this evolution will increase network reliability, also allowing for a fine trade-off between robustness and maximum capacity exploitation. In this work, an optical network architecture is presented based on the physical layer digital twin of the optical transport used within a multi-layer hierarchical control operated by an intent-based network operating system. An experimental proof of concept is performed on a three-node network including up to 1000 km optical transmission, open re-configurable optical add & drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and whitebox transponders hosting pluggable multirate transceivers. The proposed solution is based on GNPy as the optical physical layer digital twin and ONOS as intent-based network operating system. The reliability of the optical control decoupled by the data plane functioning is experimentally demonstrated exploiting GNPy as open lightpath computation engine and software optical amplifier models derived from the component characterization. Besides the lightpath deployment exploiting the modulation format evaluation given a generic traffic request, the architecture reliability is tested mimicking the use case of an automatic failure recovery from a fiber cut

    Exploring Pathways to Posttraumatic Growth

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    This study explored the following question: How do experiences of positive affect and social support influence an individual's posttraumatic growth? The following variables were measured: positive affect (pre- and post-PTE), perceived social support (pre- and post-PTE), rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Utilizing a descriptive field design, all participants were contacted through email to complete an online web-based survey. One hundred and twenty-seven individuals participated in this study. Seventy-four percent were female, the average age was 20.27 years (SD = 2.53), and participants were predominantly Caucasian (32.3%), Latino/a/Chicano/a (21.3%), and Asian (20.5%). Regression analyses revealed that perceived social support after a potentially traumatic event was significantly predictive of an individual's posttraumatic growth. Results of path analyses before and after a potentially traumatic event (PTE) show significant indirect and direct effects for the variables of positive affect and perceived social support. These results suggest the usefulness of focusing on increasing positive affect and perceived social support when designing interventions for survivors of potentially traumatic events. A model of influence was tested that examined the direct and indirect role of rumination in the hypothesized influence of positive affect upon posttraumatic growth, revealing that rumination, as well as the subscales of brooding and depression, significantly increased posttraumatic growth. These results suggest a need for future research to examine the varied role rumination has in relation to posttraumatic growth
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