A typology of marine and estuarine hazards and risks as vectors of change : a review for vulnerable coasts and their management

This paper illustrates a typology of 14 natural and anthropogenic hazards, the evidence for their causes and consequences for society and their role as vectors of change in estuaries, vulnerable coasts and marine areas. It uses hazard as the potential that there will be damage to the natural or human system and so is the product of an event which could occur and the probability of it occurring whereas the degree of risk then relates to the amount of assets, natural or societal, which may be affected. We give long- and short-term and large- and small-scale perspectives showing that the hazards leading to disasters for society will include flooding, erosion and tsunamis. Global examples include the effects of wetland loss and the exacerbation of problems by building on vulnerable coasts. Hence we emphasise the importance of considering hazard and risk on such coasts and consider the tools for assessing and managing the impacts of risk and hazard. These allow policy-makers to determine the consequences for natural and human systems. We separate locally-derived problems from large-scale effects (e.g. climate change, sea-level rise and isostatic rebound); we emphasise that the latter unmanaged exogenic pressures require a response to the consequences rather than the causes whereas within a management area there are endogenic managed pressures in which we address both to causes and consequences. The problems are put into context by assessing hazards and the conflicts between different uses and users and hence the management responses needed. We emphasise that integrated and sustainable management of the hazards and risk requires 10-tenets to be fulfilled

Coastal area management in South Asia: a comparative perspective (Background Paper prepared for South Asia Workshop on Fisheries and Coastal Area Management, 26 September-1 October 1996, Madras, India)

Most of the world's fisheries and fishing communities are supported by coastal areas. Consequently, the well-being and future of the fishery sector depend on the health of the coastal ecosystem. Not surprisingly, therefore, concern about coastal degradation and its impact on the fishery sector has long been expressed, notably at the first-ever conference of fishworkers and their supporters in Rome in 1984. Discussions then emphasized how the coastal environment is affected by activities within the fisheries sector as well as by other activities pursued in inland, inshore and offshore areas. It was in this context that the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) organized a workshop and symposium on Fisheries and Coastal Area Management in South Asia, in Madras, India, in 1996. To aid participants focus on the major coastal resources management issues, a background paper was prepared by ICSF. This paper explores efforts on coastal area management, more specifically in the South Asian region, and the extent to which the perspectives of actors in the fishery sector have been incorporated. It also deals with legislation of direct relevance to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)

Sustainable tourism: a valid remedy against climate change impact in every context. The Svalbard and Kiribati archipelagos

: Climate change, with relevant global warming, has a deep and global impact on environment but the consequences on local populations and respective economic activity may differ in a significant way depending on the dissimilar socio-economic conditions. This study compares the conspicuous effect that this change of natural conditions has on two archipelagos placed in extreme latitudes. Regardless of latitude, the impact on the environment is important, conditioning significantly the landscape and the usual natural life of animals and human being. The possibility to cope with those consequences are dramatically limited for the underdeveloped population of Kiribati. Due to its coral nature this archipelago risks to be flooded and disappear with few meters of increase in sea level together with the very basic activities that the population has adopted as a mean of subsistence (fishing and agriculture). Because of this situation, the Kiribati population is seriously facing the disappearing of his Country together with his cultural identity and is considering the mass exodus in other safer areas to survive. The wealthier population of Svalbard has the possibility to defend themselves and their archipelago with the substantial help of the international community but, at the same time, they risk having their historical landscape and culture deeply influenced by the economic interests that the warmer climate can offer. For both populations the sustainable tourism has been in the last period an alternative activity to traditional economy. This study proposes to adopt the sustainable tourism as a valid instrument to help local populations defending themselves, their culture, and their country against the disruptive effects of climate changes

Beyond the Boom: Ensuring Adequate Payment for Mineral Wealth Extraction

Examines Ohio's severance tax rate and receipts on gas and oil extraction compared with other states, oil and gas production's costs to the state, and potential impact of a higher tax. Recommends raising the tax and creating a severance tax trust fund

Community-based approaches to marine and coastal resources management in the Philippines: a policy perspective

Community involvement, Resource management, Resource conservation, Natural resources, Governments, Philippines,

The coastal environmental profile of Brunei Darussalam: resource assessment and management issues

Coastal zone management, Resource development, Coastal zone, Environmental profile, Brunei Darussalam, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

The coastal environmental profile of Brunei Darussalam: resource assessment and management issues

Coastal zone management, Resource development, Coastal zone, Environmental profile, Brunei Darussalam,

Climate Change Impact Assessment for Surface Transportation in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska

WA-RD 772.