Exploiting Associations between Class Labels in Multi-label Classification

Multi-label classification has many applications in the text categorization, biology and medical diagnosis, in which multiple class labels can be assigned to each training instance simultaneously. As it is often the case that there are relationships between the labels, extracting the existing relationships between the labels and taking advantage of them during the training or prediction phases can bring about significant improvements. In this paper, we have introduced positive, negative and hybrid relationships between the class labels for the first time and we have proposed a method to extract these relations for a multi-label classification task and consequently, to use them in order to improve the predictions made by a multi-label classifier. We have conducted extensive experiments to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results advocate the merits of the proposed method in improving the multi-label classification results

Tracking and Recognizing the Activity of Multi Resident in Smart Home Environments

Tracking and recognizing the functional activities in a smart home environment using ambient sensor technology is becoming an interesting field to discover. Its passive and unobtrusive in nature has made it impossible to infer the resident activities. The problems are becoming complex when it is involving multi resident living together in the same environment. Existing works mainly manipulate data association and algorithm modification on extra auxiliary of graphical nodes to model human tracking information in an environment to incorporate with the problems. Thus, recognizing activities and tracking which resident perform the activity at the same time in the smart home are vital for the smart home development and future applications. This paper goal is to perform accurate tracking and recognizing of individual’s ADL of multi resident setting in the smart home environment. Also enable to foresee the patterns of everyday activities that commonly occur or not in an individual’s routine by considering the simplification and efficient method using the multi label classification framework. We perform experiments on real world multi resident on ARAS Dataset and shows that the LC (Label Combination) using Decision Tree (DT) as base classifier can tackle the above problems

On the Error Statistics of Turbo Decoding for Hybrid Concatenated Codes Design

In this paper we propose a model for the generation of error patterns at the output of a turbo decoder. One of the advantages of this model is that it can be used to generate the error sequence with little effort. Thus, it provides a basis for designing hybrid concatenated codes (HCCs) employing the turbo code as inner code. These coding schemes combine the features of parallel and serially concatenated codes and thus offer more freedom in code design. It has been demonstrated, in fact, that HCCs can perform closer to capacity than serially concatenated codes while still maintaining a minimum distance that grows linearly with block length. In particular, small memory-one component encoders are sufficient to yield asymptotically good code ensembles for such schemes. The resulting codes provide low complexity encoding and decoding and, in many cases, can be decoded using relatively few iterations

Urban microbiomes and urban agriculture: What are the connections and why should we care?

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016. A large percentage (~50 %) of the global human population lives in urban systems. The transition from largely rural to urban lifestyles began gradually, but has accelerated. Given the magnitude of anthropogenic changes in the Earth system as a whole and concerns about resource availability and continued population growth, questions about the sustainability of urban systems have become a focal point for a variety of research and civic efforts, including programs promoting urban agriculture as a means to provide local food sources and to better manage critical nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The last decade or so has also witnessed a remarkable transformation in our understanding of the centrality of microbes for virtually all aspects of human life and wellbeing. However, this transformation has not yet been incorporated into a fuller understanding of the biology and ecology of urban life. Research on microbial assemblages (or microbiomes) in the built environment, particularly building interiors, has provided compelling examples of the importance of microbes, but these results provide at most an incomplete picture of microbial distribution and activity in urban systems. For example, though very little is known about microbial interactions with urban agriculture, the success of urban agriculture and its potential to contribute to urban sustainability will depend in part of incorporating new knowledge about soil and plant microbiomes to optimize production and to minimize some of the adverse effects of agriculture in traditional settings (e.g., greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication). To that end, this review defines and provides examples of the microbiome concept and the significance of microbiomes in urban systems; it also identifies large knowledge gaps and unanswered questions that must be addressed to develop a robust and predictive understanding of urban biology and ecology

Vertical Greening Systems by Integrated Design Approach in Residential Buildings Towards mitigating Urban Heat Island effect the case study of Tehran, Iran

As urbanization grows, the results become more visible. Heat islands are formed due to the loss of green spaces and the consequent disruptive effects of climate change, especially in densely populated urban areas. These phenomena threaten and endanger human health. One solution to compensate for the scarcity of urban green space today is to construct urban green space within the house's walls to provide a suitable and desirable space. Vertical greening systems have recently been recognized and tested by scholars as one of the most effective methods for reducing the harmful impact of heating on the environment. Due to the beauty of this solution, it has also been considered by architectural designers, and today we are witnessing a growing trend of green-covered buildings. In this regard, the number of manufacturing companies is expanding and considering that this solution is in its first steps of growth and there is a need for further study. So, the standard process makes it more functional. This research aims to study the actual process and design of green walls. As a result, at the outset of the journey, the market's current and usable systems should be defined and segmented, followed by analyzing the design and manufacturing process's strengths and limitations. Then, by examining the divisions produced among scientists and companies, the final classification has been presented and analyzed in this study in order to standardize the production process. It should be remembered that businesses from various European, Asian, Australian, and American countries were surveyed to ensure that gaps existed. Based on the current system's flaws, a new Vertical Greening Integrated Approach (VGIS) approach was introduced to make it more popular, economical, and functional. Developing countries like Iran have a significant share in increasing the earth's temperature. However, because of the high price of this nature-based, it is less welcomed and used more as a decorative component in luxury buildings. Therefore, Tehran's study sample, one of the leading centers of pollution and population density and buildings, has been selected. Finally, based on the new approach, the selected green wall simulated on residential building in Tehran. Results show that this strategy's effectiveness was to lower the surface temperature by direct green facade about 10.95 °C and via felt-based living wall 13.95°C

Semiotic change in modern and postmodern Time advertisements: an investigation based on systemic functional semiotics and social theory

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2011O presente trabalho investiga mudanças semióticas no contexto da transição moderna/pós-moderna sob a perspectiva da Semiótica Sistêmico-Funcional e da Teoria Social. Através da comparação de propagandas de uma página publicadas em duas edições da revista americana TIME, uma de janeiro de 1929 e a outra de janeiro de 2009, são três os objetivos desta pesquisa: 1) identificar e descrever possíveis mudanças semióticas em termos de composição, moldura e significados funcionais; 2) interpretar estas mudanças de acordo com alguns dos principais temas do debate moderno/pós-moderno; e 3) refletir sobre possíveis contribuições teóricas. Num nível mais descritivo, os resultados apontam uma disposição para mudanças semióticas sutis. A maior parte das características das propagandas de 1929 ainda estão presentes nas de 2009, com a exceção de cinco pequenas mudanças: 1) duas composições topo-base com a imagem na posição superior ao invés de uma; 2) um maior grau de conexão; 3) um maior número de representações conceituais; 4) uma presença mais forte do modo imperativo; e 5) mais imagens com uma composição centro-margem. Estas mudanças, num nível mais interpretativo, são lidas como a duplicação do padrão moderno, as diferentes maneiras que tempo e espaço são experienciados na modernidade e na pós-modernidade, e o fim do processo de modernização e/ou a emergência de um novo tipo de espaço. Também, em sua totalidade, estas mudanças são lidas como um processo de radicalização da modernidade. Por último, num nível mais reflexivo, este trabalho traz a possibilidade de se rever três pontos na categorização dos tipos de processos proposta por Halliday em seu sistema de transitividade a partir da perspectiva dos quadrantes de Wilber: 1) que a gramática estabelece uma nítida diferenciação não somente entre experiências exteriores e interiores mas também entre experiências individuais e coletivas; 2) que os processos verbais não são subsidiários mas prototípicos da dimensão coletiva de significados interiores, o mundo da interconsciência; e 3) que os processos comportamentais e existenciais são intermediários, não em relação a três principais tipos de processo, mas em relação às dimensões interna/externa e individual/coletiva, respectivamente.This investigation addresses semiotic change in the context of the modern/postmodern transition from the perspective of Systemic Functional Semiotics and Social Theory. By comparing one page print ads from two TIME magazine issues (US edition), one dated January 1929 and the other one January 2009, its three-fold objective is: 1) to identify and describe possible semiotic changes in terms of composition, framing and functional meanings; 2) to interpret these changes according to some of the main themes in the modern/postmodern debate; and 3) to reflect on possible theoretical contributions. At the more descriptive level, results seem to indicate a disposition to fine-grained semiotic changes. Most of the 1929 characteristics are still present in the 2009 data group, with only five slight changes: 1) two top-bottom compositions with image in top leading position instead of one; 2) some degree of connection; 3) more conceptual representations; 4) a stronger presence of the imperative mood; and 5) more images organized in centre-margin compositions. These slight changes, at the more interpretative level, have been read as the duplication of the modern pattern, the distinct ways time and space are experienced in modernity and postmodernity, and the end of the modernizing process and/or the emergence of a new kind of space. Also, in their totality, these changes have been read as a process of modern radicalisation. Lastly, at a more reflective level, this work has shown the possibility of three revisions to Halliday's categorization of process types within the transitity system from the perspective of Wilber's quadrants: 1) that the grammar sets up a clear discontinuity not only between outer and inner experience by also between individual and collective experience; 2) that verbal processes are not subsidiary but prototypical of the collective dimension of interior meanings, the world of interconsciousness; and 3) that behavioural and existential processes are borderline processes, not in relation to three main process types, but in relation to the interior/exterior dimensions and the individual/collective dimensions, respectively. This investigation addresses semiotic change in the context of the modern/postmodern transition from the perspective of Systemic Functional Semiotics and Social Theory. By comparing one page print ads from two TIME magazine issues (US edition), one dated January 1929 and the other one January 2009, its three-fold objective is: 1) to identify and describe possible semiotic changes in terms of composition, framing and functional meanings; 2) to interpret these changes according to some of the main themes in the modern/postmodern debate; and 3) to reflect on possible theoretical contributions. At the more descriptive level, results seem to indicate a disposition to fine-grained semiotic changes. Most of the 1929 characteristics are still present in the 2009 data group, with only five slight changes: 1) two top-bottom compositions with image in top leading position instead of one; 2) some degree of connection; 3) more conceptual representations; 4) a stronger presence of the imperative mood; and 5) more images organized in centre-margin compositions. These slight changes, at the more interpretative level, have been read as the duplication of the modern pattern, the distinct ways time and space are experienced in modernity and postmodernity, and the end of the modernizing process and/or the emergence of a new kind of space. Also, in their totality, these changes have been read as a process of modern radicalisation. Lastly, at a more reflective level, this work has shown the possibility of three revisions to Halliday's categorization of process types within the transitity system from the perspective of Wilber's quadrants: 1) that the grammar sets up a clear discontinuity not only between outer and inner experience by also between individual and collective experience; 2) that verbal processes are not subsidiary but prototypical of the collective dimension of interior meanings, the world of interconsciousness; and 3) that behavioural and existential processes are borderline processes, not in relation to three main process types, but in relation to the interior/exterior dimensions and the individual/collective dimensions, respectively. This investigation addresses semiotic change in the context of the modern/postmodern transition from the perspective of Systemic Functional Semiotics and Social Theory. By comparing one page print ads from two TIME magazine issues (US edition), one dated January 1929 and the other one January 2009, its three-fold objective is: 1) to identify and describe possible semiotic changes in terms of composition, framing and functional meanings; 2) to interpret these changes according to some of the main themes in the modern/postmodern debate; and 3) to reflect on possible theoretical contributions. At the more descriptive level, results seem to indicate a disposition to fine-grained semiotic changes. Most of the 1929 characteristics are still present in the 2009 data group, with only five slight changes: 1) two top-bottom compositions with image in top leading position instead of one; 2) some degree of connection; 3) more conceptual representations; 4) a stronger presence of the imperative mood; and 5) more images organized in centre-margin compositions. These slight changes, at the more interpretative level, have been read as the duplication of the modern pattern, the distinct ways time and space are experienced in modernity and postmodernity, and the end of the modernizing process and/or the emergence of a new kind of space. Also, in their totality, these changes have been read as a process of modern radicalisation. Lastly, at a more reflective level, this work has shown the possibility of three revisions to Halliday's categorization of process types within the transitity system from the perspective of Wilber's quadrants: 1) that the grammar sets up a clear discontinuity not only between outer and inner experience by also between individual and collective experience; 2) that verbal processes are not subsidiary but prototypical of the collective dimension of interior meanings, the world of interconsciousness; and 3) that behavioural and existential processes are borderline processes, not in relation to three main process types, but in relation to the interior/exterior dimensions and the individual/collective dimensions, respectively

First IJCAI International Workshop on Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (GKR@IJCAI'09)

International audienceThe development of effective techniques for knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) is a crucial aspect of successful intelligent systems. Different representation paradigms, as well as their use in dedicated reasoning systems, have been extensively studied in the past. Nevertheless, new challenges, problems, and issues have emerged in the context of knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), involving the logical manipulation of increasingly large information sets (see for example Semantic Web, BioInformatics and so on). Improvements in storage capacity and performance of computing infrastructure have also affected the nature of KRR systems, shifting their focus towards representational power and execution performance. Therefore, KRR research is faced with a challenge of developing knowledge representation structures optimized for large scale reasoning. This new generation of KRR systems includes graph-based knowledge representation formalisms such as Bayesian Networks (BNs), Semantic Networks (SNs), Conceptual Graphs (CGs), Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), CPnets, GAI-nets, all of which have been successfully used in a number of applications. The goal of this workshop is to bring together the researchers involved in the development and application of graph-based knowledge representation formalisms and reasoning techniques