74,991 research outputs found
Antiproton-nucleus potentials from global fits to antiprotonic X-rays and radiochemical data
We report on global fits of optical-model parameters to 90 data points for
X-rays and 17 data points of radiochemical data put together. With the
help of separate fits to the two kinds of data it is possible to determine
phenomenologically the radial region where the absorption of antiprotons takes
place and to obtain neutron densities which represent the average behaviour
over the periodic table. A finite-range attractive and absorptive -nuclear isoscalar potential fits the data well. Self-consistent dynamical
calculations within the RMF model demonstrate that the polarization of the
nucleus by the {\it atomic} antiproton is negligible.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, one table. Extended discussion, to appear in
Nucl. Phys.
First measurement of the Kân âÎÏânon-resonant transition amplitude below threshold
We present the analysis of Kâabsorption processes on He4 leading to ÎÏâfinal states, measured with the KLOE spectrometer at the DAΊNE e+eâcollider and extract, for the first time, the modulus of the non-resonant Kân âÎÏâdirect production amplitude about 33 MeV below the KâŸN threshold. This analysis also allows to disentangle the Kânuclear absorption at-rest from the in-flight capture, for Kâmomenta of about 120 MeV. The data are interpreted with the help of a phenomenological model, and the modulus of the non-resonant Kân âÎÏâamplitude for Kâabsorption at-rest is found to be |AKânâÎÏâ|=(0.334±0.018statâ0.058+0.034syst)fm
Cryogenic micro-calorimeters for mass spectrometric identification of neutral molecules and molecular fragments
We have systematically investigated the energy resolution of a magnetic
micro-calorimeter (MMC) for atomic and molecular projectiles at impact energies
ranging from to 150 keV. For atoms we obtained absolute energy
resolutions down to eV and relative energy resolutions
down to . We also studied in detail the MMC
energy-response function to molecular projectiles of up to mass 56 u. We have
demonstrated the capability of identifying neutral fragmentation products of
these molecules by calorimetric mass spectrometry. We have modeled the MMC
energy-response function for molecular projectiles and conclude that
backscattering is the dominant source of the energy spread at the impact
energies investigated. We have successfully demonstrated the use of a detector
absorber coating to suppress such spreads. We briefly outline the use of MMC
detectors in experiments on gas-phase collision reactions with neutral
products. Our findings are of general interest for mass spectrometric
techniques, particularly for those desiring to make neutral-particle mass
measurements
Mössbauer Spectrometry
Mössbauer spectrometry gives electronic, magnetic, and structural information from within
materials. A Mössbauer spectrum is an intensity of γ-ray absorption versus energy for a
specific resonant nucleus such as ^(57)Fe or ^(119)Sn. For one nucleus to emit a Îł-ray and a second
nucleus to absorb it with efficiency, both nuclei must be embedded in solids, a phenomenon
known as the âMössbauer effect.â Mössbauer spectrometry looks at materials from the
âinside out,â where âinsideâ refers to the resonant nucleus.
Mössbauer spectra give quantitative information on âhyperfine interactions,â which are small
energies from the interaction between the nucleus and its neighboring electrons. The three
hyperfine interactions originate from the electron density at the nucleus (the isomer shift),
the gradient of the electric field (the nuclear quadrupole splitting), and the unpaired electron
density at the nucleus (the hyperfine magnetic field). Over the years, methods have been
refined for using these three hyperfine interactions to determine valence and spin at the
resonant atom. Even when the hyperfine interactions are not easily interpreted, they can
often be used reliably as âfingerprintsâ to identify the different local chemical environments
of the resonant atom, usually with a good estimate of their fractional abundances. Mössbauer
spectrometry is useful for quantitative phase analyses or determinations of the concentrations
of resonant element in different phases, even when the phases are nanostructured or
amorphous.
Most Mössbauer spectra are acquired with simple laboratory equipment and a radioisotope
source, but the recent development of synchrotron instrumentation now allow for measurements
on small 10 ”m samples, which may be exposed to extreme environments of pressure
and temperature. Other capabilities include measurements of the vibrational spectra of the
resonant atoms, and coherent scattering and diffraction of nuclear radiation.
This article is not a review of the field, but an instructional reference that explains principles
and practices, and gives the working materials scientist a basis for evaluating whether or not
Mössbauer spectrometry may be useful for a research problem. A few representative
materials studies are presented
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