PRESERVING AND PROTECTING JAVANESE LANGUAGES BY APPLYING CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN TEACHING ENGLISH IN CLASSROOM ( SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF PRAGMATICS)

Javanese languages are a part of Indigenous languages. They are one of culture’s heritages which Javanese people should preserve and protect them in this globalization era. Javanese languages are considered as the cornerstone of culture and the ultimate expression which Javanese people should know that by using them, culture can be shared and transmitted to further generations to express their identities. However, in the real fact, many indigenous languages in this world are almost extinct, and even, Javanese languages almost disappear at this time in some areas and places. It is crystal clear that there is no special caution from other Javanese people, especially government, in trying to preserve them. Not only government, but also the parents and the elders should take part in this case. Javanese languages should be passed on from generation to the other. Even, it is not strange when the parental generation speaks the Javanese language, they do not often pass it on to their children. Therefore, in an increasing number of cases, Javanese languages are used only by elders. Actually, the loss of some Javanese languages can be caused by some factors, such as irresistible social, political, and economic pressures. In this matter, the relationship and the cooperation between a language planning, language policy, language rights and language education are needed to prevent this phenomena. They are used as vehicles for promoting and perpetuating the vitality, versatility, and stability of Javanese languages. Creating and arranging a better language planning and a better language policy are important to do in Indonesia right now to protect Indonesian language and Indigenous languages, especially Javanese languages. It is, of course, also supported by developing and paying attention to the language rights. Moreover, focusing on language in education for children and young people is a best way to start preserving Javanese languages. Including Javanese children and youth in this discussion on language and education is befitting and appropriate. It needs to know that education in classroom and school areas have also the potential of saving and reviving Javanese languages which are at the brink of extinction. The non-recognition and the prohibition of the use of Javanese languages in the education and work place has impacted the lives of many Javanese people, it has affected them from childhood to adulthood, in the creation of their identity and development of their communities. Education world, in classroom and school areas, which was used as an instrument of assimilation of some languages in Indonesia, especially in Central Java, has impacted in the Javanese languages. Therefore, applying code switching and code mixing in teaching English in classroom should be offered to Javanese people, but also to all students who stay in Java island, as a means of combating prejudices and discrimination and promoting inclusive and respectful societies, is better step to do. However, in order to make it real, the cooperation and the seriousness of government, Javanese people, parents, elders, teachers, and even lecturers must be created in Indonesia, especially in Central Java. It is better for government to make a decision explicitly in keeping and preserving Javanese languages from the extinction through teaching activities in classroom and school areas as the basic formal activity. Keywords : Code mixing, code switching, indigenous languages, Javanes

JAVANESE VS. ENGLISH: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES ON LEARNERS

Nowadays, Javanese people lives between domestic and universal culture which causes theuniversal one becomes merger culture or well-known as cultural domination in which theyshould adapt with it. Multilingualism is one of the results of Javanese’s adaptation. Javaneselanguage coexists with other languages; people of Javanese have to be able speak inIndonesian (as national language) even in international language, such as English. This article discusses the existence of Javanese speakers who prefer studying English to Javanese language which may result some consequences for themselves. These consequences are seenfrom my point of view as a part of Javanese community and as a learner who is studying andlearning English

LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTAINCE: CASE STUDY IN A. HADIWIDJAJA FAMILY

Language is tool of humanity. It is suggested that learning language should begin from the very beginning in our lives because the ability to learn a language is restricted to the years before puberty. The tendency to use more prestigious and modern languages will make the condition of life of local language which is regarded as low relative prestige and less valuable in economic field will be threatened with extinction. When there are various languages in the life condition, the languages will influence one another and the most prestigious one will dominate the others. In Indonesia besides Local language (vernacular) we have several languages, Indonesian, English, and also Japanese and Chinese. Indonesian is the official language for instruction in our school in Indonesia, so all the teachers and pupils have to use Indonesian language during school hours. In this condition, children are faced the condition to have become accustomed to have very limited knowledge of the local language because they have never had the chance to use local language in their school. If parents and teachers don’t actively encourage maintenance of the local language, the children are in danger of losing it. Unfortunately a lot of them never have the chance to use the local language at home; and this will make the children never be able to use the language. The language ability isn’t as the same as a skill like swimming or biking. So if all Indonesian families don’t want to keep the language skill sharp and exposure to it the extinction of the local language is definitely will happen. The strategy to maintain the local language to the generation responsible for continuing is certainly concentrated to the increasing of using local language by the local language speaker. The language which is inherited for generations will live longer and it is in keeping with the objective to maintain the local language. The research to one family shows that by using vernacular as interaction medium to their children from the very beginning, give a good results. Their children are able to hear and speak their vernacular until they are grown up although they always use Indonesian language during their school hours and for academic purposes

SASAK LANGUAGE AND TÉNDÉH MAINTAINING

Sasak is an indigenous language spoken mainly on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. It has various dialects used by its speakers to show téndéh ‘culture’. This working paper is an attempt to examine what téndéh culture values and how they are presented in Sasak language. This study shows that téndéh culture consists of honesty, leadership, religion, gotong royong and harmony, human rights equality, humanism, environment maintaining, ethos and economy, conflict resolution, and adat law values expressed by lexicons, phrases, sentences, and idioms

JAVANESE AFFECTIVE WORDS IN TERM OF ADDRESS

One of language functions is to express someone’s feeling to others. This accomodates good and bad condition experienced when people are interacting with others. Good experiencesare usually represented by acceptable expression in all situation and people. On the otherhand, people also sometimes have to deal with condition in which they do not feel happy with. Language, then, is used to accomodate that bad experience in the form of usingdeictical expression, especially person deixis. Then, this deixis is classified as one type ofharse languages and apperars in the use of addressee system in language. Harse languageexpressing addressee system in Javanese language is practiced in daily life and in various scales of usage. The use and form of this addressee system differ from the standard one. Atleast, there are seven representations of addressee system in harse language, namelyreplacing person’s name by animal, by kind of occupation, by mentioning abnormal part ofbody, by words expressing retarded menta, by using racis or classis words, and by spiritualcreature. These addressee systems also indicate social functions. There are four functions ofaddressee, they are indicating respect to someone being addressed, showing solidarity among members of community, expressing inconvenient feelings, and insulting otherpersons

Quire: Lightweight Provenance for Smart Phone Operating Systems

Smartphone apps often run with full privileges to access the network and sensitive local resources, making it difficult for remote systems to have any trust in the provenance of network connections they receive. Even within the phone, different apps with different privileges can communicate with one another, allowing one app to trick another into improperly exercising its privileges (a Confused Deputy attack). In Quire, we engineered two new security mechanisms into Android to address these issues. First, we track the call chain of IPCs, allowing an app the choice of operating with the diminished privileges of its callers or to act explicitly on its own behalf. Second, a lightweight signature scheme allows any app to create a signed statement that can be verified anywhere inside the phone. Both of these mechanisms are reflected in network RPCs, allowing remote systems visibility into the state of the phone when an RPC is made. We demonstrate the usefulness of Quire with two example applications. We built an advertising service, running distinctly from the app which wants to display ads, which can validate clicks passed to it from its host. We also built a payment service, allowing an app to issue a request which the payment service validates with the user. An app cannot not forge a payment request by directly connecting to the remote server, nor can the local payment service tamper with the request

ME-EM 2018-19 Annual Report

Table of Contents Faculty Research Enrollment & Degrees Department News Graduates Faculty & Staff Alumni Donors Contracts & Grants Patents & Publicationshttps://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/mechanical-annualreports/1000/thumbnail.jp

Does Job Satisfaction Affect Work Environment, Leadership, and Organizational Culture with Motivation as a Mediator ?

The research report analyses Job Satisfaction influenced by Work Environment, Leadership, and Organizational Culture, through Motivation. Data collection was carried out in July 2022 for all 136 employees. Thirty respondents were assigned to test the validity and reliability, and the remaining 96 were for calculating multiple linear regression. Model feasibility test for two substructures, t-test for partial testing, and Sobel test to determine indirect effects. The analysis results conclude that the work environment variable affects the motivation variable, but there is no effect on employee satisfaction. Leadership Variables do not influence Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Organizational Culture influences variable Job Satisfaction, but Organizational Culture does not affect Motivation. Motivational Variables influence Job Satisfaction. In an indirect relationship, the three variables can directly affect the endogenous variables