13 research outputs found

    Buoyancy-induced convection of water-based nanofluids in differentially-heated horizontal Semi-Annuli

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    A two-phase model based on the double-diffusive approach is used to perform a numerical study on natural convection of water-based nanofluids in differentially- heated horizontal semi-annuli, assuming that Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are the only slip mechanisms by which the solid phase can develop a significant relative velocity with respect to the liquid phase. The system of the governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy for the nanofluid, and continuity for the nanoparticles, is solved by the way of a computational code which incorporates three empirical correlations for the evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity, the effective dynamic viscosity, and the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient, all based on a wide number of literature experimental data. The pressure-velocity coupling is handled through the SIMPLE-C algorithm. Numerical simulations are executed for three different nanofluids, using the diameter and the average volume fraction of the suspended nanoparticles, the cavity size, the average temperature, and the temperature difference imposed across the cavity, as independent variables. It is found that the impact of the nanoparticle dispersion into the base liquid increases remarkably with increasing the average temperature, whereas, by contrast, the other controlling parameters have moderate effects. Moreover, at temperatures of the order of room temperature or just higher, the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid is significantly affected by the choice of the solid phase material

    Buoyancy-induced convection of water-based nanofluids in differentially-heated horizontal Semi-Annuli

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    A two-phase model based on the double-diffusive approach is used to perform a numerical study on natural convection of water-based nanofluids in differentially- heated horizontal semi-annuli, assuming that Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are the only slip mechanisms by which the solid phase can develop a significant relative velocity with respect to the liquid phase. The system of the governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy for the nanofluid, and continuity for the nanoparticles, is solved by the way of a computational code which incorporates three empirical correlations for the evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity, the effective dynamic viscosity, and the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient, all based on a wide number of literature experimental data. The pressure-velocity coupling is handled through the SIMPLE-C algorithm. Numerical simulations are executed for three different nanofluids, using the diameter and the average volume fraction of the suspended nanoparticles, the cavity size, the average temperature, and the temperature difference imposed across the cavity, as independent variables. It is found that the impact of the nanoparticle dispersion into the base liquid increases remarkably with increasing the average temperature, whereas, by contrast, the other controlling parameters have moderate effects. Moreover, at temperatures of the order of room temperature or just higher, the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid is significantly affected by the choice of the solid phase material

    An integral equation formulation for 2D steady-state advection-diffusion-reaction problems with variable coefficients

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    Este trabalho apresenta uma formulação de equação integral de contorno e domínio para problemas de advecção-difusão-reação com coeficientes variáveis e termo fonte. A formulação usa uma versão da solução fundamental que evita overflow numérico dos termos exponenciais e underflow dos termos em função de Bessel, para qualquer número de Péclet e qualquer tamanho de domínio. Os coeficientes usados na solução fundamental são os coeficientes locais da equação diferencial, afim de minimizar a contribuição do domínio no problema. A formulação é aplicada sem modificações para problemas puramente difusivos ou de difusão-reação. A equação integral é discretizada usando o método dos elementos de contorno, com elementos de contorno contínuos e células de domínio descontínuas. O método é validado com cinco problemas de benchmark que possuem soluções analíticas, apresentando um erro NRMSD abaixo de 1% para malhas com 1348 graus de liberdade, em todos os casos. A metodologia é usada para o estudo de dois problemas práticos. O primeiro é o problema de Graetz-Nusselt adimensional para Pe = f0; 1; 5; 10g. O segundo é um problema de pluma de dispersão de poluentes para uma fonte pontual em escoamentos de camada limite atmosférica neutramente estratificada.This work presents a boundary-domain integral equation formulation for advection-diffusionreaction problems with variable coefficients and source term. The formulation uses a version of the fundamental solution that avoids numerical overflow of the exponential term and underflow of the Bessel term, for any Péclet number and domain size. Furthermore, the coefficients used in the fundamental solution are the local coefficients of the differential equation, in order to minimize the domain contribution for the problem. The formulation is applied as-is for purely diffusive or diffusion-reaction problems. The integral equation is discretized using the boundary element method with continuous boundary elements and discontinuous domain cells. The scheme is validated against five benchmark problems with analytical solutions, presenting a NRMSD error under 1% for meshes with 1348 degrees of freedom, in all cases. The methodology is used to study two practical problems. The first is the dimensionless Graetz-Nusselt problem for Pe = f0; 1; 5; 10g. The second is the pollutant dispersion plume for a point source in neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer flows

    Use of Machine Learning for Automated Convergence of Numerical Iterative Schemes

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    Convergence of a numerical solution scheme occurs when a sequence of increasingly refined iterative solutions approaches a value consistent with the modeled phenomenon. Approximations using iterative schemes need to satisfy convergence criteria, such as reaching a specific error tolerance or number of iterations. The schemes often bypass the criteria or prematurely converge because of oscillations that may be inherent to the solution. Using a Support Vector Machines (SVM) machine learning approach, an algorithm is designed to use the source data to train a model to predict convergence in the solution process and stop unnecessary iterations. The discretization of the Navier Stokes (NS) equations for a transient local hemodynamics case requires determining a pressure correction term from a Poisson-like equation at every time-step. The pressure correction solution must fully converge to avoid introducing a mass imbalance. Considering time, frequency, and time-frequency domain features of its residual’s behavior, the algorithm trains an SVM model to predict the convergence of the Poisson equation iterative solver so that the time-marching process can move forward efficiently and effectively. The fluid flow model integrates peripheral circulation using a lumped-parameter model (LPM) to capture the field pressures and flows across various circulatory compartments. Machine learning opens the doors to an intelligent approach for iterative solutions by replacing prescribed criteria with an algorithm that uses the data set itself to predict convergence

    Inverse Volume-of-Fluid Meshless Method for Efficient Non-Destructive Thermographic Evaluation

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    A novel computational tool based in the Localized Radial-basis Function (RBF) Collocation (LRC) Meshless method coupled with a Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) scheme capable of accurately and efficiently solving transient multi-dimensional heat conduction problems in composite and heterogeneous media is formulated and implemented. While the LRC Meshless method lends its inherent advantages of spectral convergence and ease of automation, the VoF scheme allows to effectively and efficiently simulate the location, size, and shape of cavities, voids, inclusions, defects, or de-attachments in the conducting media without the need to regenerate point distributions, boundaries, or interpolation matrices. To this end, the Inverse Geometric problem of Cavity Detection can be formulated as an optimization problem that minimizes an objective function that computes the deviation of measured temperatures at accessible locations to those generated by the LRC-VoF Meshless method. The LRC-VoF Meshless algorithms will be driven by an optimization code based on the Genetic Algorithms technique which can efficiently search for the optimal set of design parameters (location size, shape, etc.) within a predefined design space. Initial guesses to the search algorithm will be provided by the classical 1D semi-infinite composite analytical solution which can predict the approximate location of the cavity. The LRC-VoF formulation is tested and validated through a series of controlled numerical experiments. This approach will allow solving the onerous computational inverse problem in a very efficient and robust manner while affording its implementation in modest computational platforms, thereby realizing the disruptive potential of the multi-dimensional high-fidelity non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method

    Modeling and Simulation in Engineering

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    The general aim of this book is to present selected chapters of the following types: chapters with more focus on modeling with some necessary simulation details and chapters with less focus on modeling but with more simulation details. This book contains eleven chapters divided into two sections: Modeling in Continuum Mechanics and Modeling in Electronics and Engineering. We hope our book entitled "Modeling and Simulation in Engineering - Selected Problems" will serve as a useful reference to students, scientists, and engineers

    Fundamental solution based numerical methods for three dimensional problems: efficient treatments of inhomogeneous terms and hypersingular integrals

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    In recent years, fundamental solution based numerical methods including the meshless method of fundamental solutions (MFS), the boundary element method (BEM) and the hybrid fundamental solution based finite element method (HFS-FEM) have become popular for solving complex engineering problems. The application of such fundamental solutions is capable of reducing computation requirements by simplifying the domain integral to the boundary integral for the homogeneous partial differential equations. The resulting weak formulations, which are of lower dimensions, are often more computationally competitive than conventional domain-type numerical methods such as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM). In the case of inhomogeneous partial differential equations arising from transient problems or problems involving body forces, the domain integral related to the inhomogeneous solutions term will need to be integrated over the interior domain, which risks losing the competitive edge over the FEM or FDM. To overcome this, a particular treatment to the inhomogeneous term is needed in the solution procedure so that the integral equation can be defined for the boundary. In practice, particular solutions in approximated form are usually applied rather than the closed form solutions, due to their robustness and readiness. Moreover, special numerical treatment may be required when evaluating stress directly on the domain surface which may give rise to hypersingular integral formulation. This thesis will discuss how the MFS and the BEM can be applied to the three-dimensional elastic problems subjected to body forces by introducing the compactly supported radial basis functions in addition to the efficient treatment of hypersingular surface integrals. The present meshless approach with the MFS and the compactly supported radial basis functions is later extended to solve transient and coupled problems for three-dimensional porous media simulation

    Heat Transfer

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    Over the past few decades there has been a prolific increase in research and development in area of heat transfer, heat exchangers and their associated technologies. This book is a collection of current research in the above mentioned areas and describes modelling, numerical methods, simulation and information technology with modern ideas and methods to analyse and enhance heat transfer for single and multiphase systems. The topics considered include various basic concepts of heat transfer, the fundamental modes of heat transfer (namely conduction, convection and radiation), thermophysical properties, computational methodologies, control, stabilization and optimization problems, condensation, boiling and freezing, with many real-world problems and important modern applications. The book is divided in four sections : "Inverse, Stabilization and Optimization Problems", "Numerical Methods and Calculations", "Heat Transfer in Mini/Micro Systems", "Energy Transfer and Solid Materials", and each section discusses various issues, methods and applications in accordance with the subjects. The combination of fundamental approach with many important practical applications of current interest will make this book of interest to researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students in many disciplines, who make use of mathematical modelling, inverse problems, implementation of recently developed numerical methods in this multidisciplinary field as well as to experimental and theoretical researchers in the field of heat and mass transfer

    Aplicação do Método de Elementos de Contorno Com Integração Direta Regularizada a Problemas Advectivo-difusivos Bidimensionais

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    As formulações mais usuais do método dos elementos de contorno para resolver problemas advectivos difusivos apresentam dificuldades significativas no tratamento do termo de transporte, por distintas razões. Enquanto a formulação clássica, que usa a solução fundamental advectivo-difusiva, é limitada para casos de campos de velocidade variável, a formulação de dupla reciprocidade (MECDR) apresenta problemas de precisão, sendo incapaz de produzir resultados satisfatórios, mesmo em problemas com números Peclét apenas moderados. Este trabalho aplica a recente técnica de interpolação direta regularizada com funções de base radial (MECIDR) para modelar o termo advectivo, permitindo assim uma boa precisão em problemas dominados pela advecção. O MECID apresentou resultados superiores à formulação com dupla reciprocidade em várias aplicações, como nos casos regidos pelas equações de Poisson e Helmholtz e, portanto, a sua extensão aos problemas advectivos-difusivos é uma consequência natural do seu desenvolvimento. Para avaliar o desempenho desta formulação, este projeto traz problemas-teste com solução analítica conhecida e já simulados pelas formulações anteriormente mencionadas, para expor a aplicabilidade e adequação do MECIDR neste contexto. Palavras chave: Integração Direta, Problemas Advectivos-Difusivos, Processo de Regularização, Método de Elementos de Contorn
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