19,457 research outputs found

    U.S. Global Health Policy: Donor Funding for Health in Low- & Middle- Income Countries, 2001-2007

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    Compares 2001 and 2007 data on overseas development assistance from member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and examines trends by donor, region, and sector, with a focus on health and its subsectors

    Medipix3 Demonstration and understanding of near ideal detector performance for 60 & 80 keV electrons

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    In our article we report first quantitative measurements of imaging performance for the current generation of hybrid pixel detector, Medipix3, as direct electron detector. Utilising beam energies of 60 & 80 keV, measurements of modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) have revealed that, in single pixel mode (SPM), energy threshold values can be chosen to maximize either the MTF or DQE, obtaining values near to, or even exceeding, those for an ideal detector. We have demonstrated that the Medipix3 charge summing mode (CSM) can deliver simultaneous, near ideal values of both MTF and DQE. To understand direct detection performance further we have characterized the detector response to single electron events, building an empirical model which can predict detector MTF and DQE performance based on energy threshold. Exemplifying our findings we demonstrate the Medipix3 imaging performance, recording a fully exposed electron diffraction pattern at 24-bit depth and images in SPM and CSM modes. Taken together our findings highlight that for transmission electron microscopy performed at low energies (energies <100 keV) thick hybrid pixel detectors provide an advantageous and alternative architecture for direct electron imagin

    From the principles of genomic data sharing to the practices of data access committees

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    Sharing genomic research data through controlled-access databases has increased in recent years. Policymakers and funding organizations endorse genomic data sharing in order to optimize the use of public funds and to increase the statistical power of databases. Well-established data access arrangements and data access committees (DACs)responsible for reviewing and managing requests for access to genomic databasesare therefore central for implementing the policies and principles of data sharing. This article aims to investigate the functionality of DACs through the perspective of existing practices

    Trends in Bilateral and Multilateral Funding

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    Trends in Bilateral and Multilateral Funding is part of the 2009-2010 FundHer Research Update brief series, produced by AWID's "Where is the Money for Women's Rights" Action-Research Initiative. The purpose of the series is to provide up to date information on important trends in different funding sectors, including preliminary data on the impact of the financial crisis and economic recession and to explore the implications for resource mobilization for gender equality and women's organizing. The research presented in this brief series draws on interviews held with relevant actors from various donor sectors, desk research and comparative analysis from past AWID surveys of women's organizations regarding the funding landscape

    Financing the Response to AIDS in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: International Assistance From Donor Governments in 2010

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    Presents 2010 data on international AIDS assistance from donor governments, including trends by donor country and funding channel, aid per $1 million GDP by country, and gaps between needs and resources and between commitments and disbursements

    Financing the Response to AIDS in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: International Assistance from the G8, European Commission and Other Donor Governments in 2009

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    Analyzes 2009 data on international AIDS assistance by donor country, by funding channel, on aid as percentages of GDP, and on gaps between needs and resources and between commitments and disbursements. Highlights the impact of the global economic crisis

    The Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances 2012

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    This year's Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances chronicles the continued growth of private financial flows to the developing world and how new forms of giving are poised to change the face of international philanthropy and global foreign aid as we know it today

    Accra Conference on Aid Effectiveness - Perspectives from Bangladesh

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    This paper seeks to articulate the perspectives from Bangladesh as an aid recipient country on the evolving international aid system and more particularly on the Accra agenda. Based on secondary information from various sources including the Economic Relations Division, Ministry of Finance (MoF), OECD DAC Survey and Economic Review of the Ministry of Finance this paper briefly discusses the changing aid scenario in the context of Bangladesh and highlights some of the key issues related to aid effectiveness during the run up to the Accra HLF3. The paper also draws information from interviews of Development Partners working in Bangladesh to understand their perspectives on the bottlenecks of implementation of Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness in Bangladesh.Bangladesh, Aid, Aid effectiveness, Accra, Accra Conference

    Spectroscopy of H3_3S: evidence of a new energy scale for superconductivity

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    The discovery of a superconducting phase in sulfur hydride under high pressure with a critical temperature above 200 K has provided a new impetus to the search for even higher TcT_c. Theory predicted and experiment confirmed that the phase involved is H3_3S with Im-3m crystal structure. The observation of a sharp drop in resistance to zero at TcT_c, its downward shift with magnetic field and a Meissner effect confirm superconductivity but the mechanism involved remains to be determined. Here, we provide a first optical spectroscopy study of this new superconductor. Experimental results for the optical reflectivity of H3_3S, under high pressure of 150 GPa, for several temperatures and over the range 60 to 600 meV of photon energies, are compared with theoretical calculations based on Eliashberg theory using DFT results for the electron-phonon spectral density α2\alpha^2F(Ω\Omega). Two significant features stand out: some remarkably strong infrared active phonons at ≈\approx 160 meV and a band with a depressed reflectance in the superconducting state in the region from 450 meV to 600 meV. In this energy range, as predicted by theory, H3_3S is found to become a better reflector with increasing temperature. This temperature evolution is traced to superconductivity originating from the electron-phonon interaction. The shape, magnitude, and energy dependence of this band at 150 K agrees with our calculations. This provides strong evidence of a conventional mechanism. However, the unusually strong optical phonon suggests a contribution of electronic degrees of freedom.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures. Main manuscript and supplementary informatio
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