Dynamic Security Risk Evaluation via Hybrid Bayesian Risk Graph in Cyber-Physical Social Systems

© 2014 IEEE. Cyber-physical social system (CPSS) plays an important role in both the modern lifestyle and business models, which significantly changes the way we interact with the physical world. The increasing influence of cyber systems and social networks is also a high risk for security threats. The objective of this paper is to investigate associated risks in CPSS, and a hybrid Bayesian risk graph (HBRG) model is proposed to analyze the temporal attack activity patterns in dynamic cyber-physical social networks. In the proposed approach, a hidden Markov model is introduced to model the dynamic influence of activities, which then be mapped into a Bayesian risks graph (BRG) model that can evaluate the risk propagation in a layered risk architecture. Our numerical studies demonstrate that the framework can model and evaluate risks of user activity patterns that expose to CPSSs

Pokemon GO in Melbourne CBD: A case study of the cyber-physical symbiotic social networks

[EN] The recent popular game, Pokemon GO, created two symbiotic social networks by location-based mobile augmented reality (LMAR) technique. One is in the physical world among players, and another one is in the cyber world among players' avatars. To date, there is no study that has explored the formation of each social network and their symbiosis. In this paper, we carried out a data-driven research on the Pokemon GO game to solve this problem. We accordingly organised the collection of two real datasets. For the first dataset, we designed a questionnaire to collect players' individual behaviours in Pokemon GO, and used maps of Melbourne (Australia) to track and record their usual playing areas. Based on the data that we collected, we modelled the formation of the symbiotic social networks in both physical world (i.e. for players) and cyber world (i.e. for avatars) as well as interactions between players and Pokemon GO elements (i.e. 'bridges' of the two worlds). By investigating the mechanism of network formation, we revealed the relatively weak correlation between the formation processes of the two networks. We further incorporated the real-world pedestrian dataset collected by sensors across Melbourne CBD into the study of their symbiosis. Based on the second dataset, we examined the changes of people's social behaviours in terms of most visited places. The results suggested that the existence of the cyber social network has reciprocally changed the structure of the symbiotic physical social network. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This research is partially supported by the Australian Research Council projects DP150103732, DP140103649, and LP140100816. The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program (ISPP) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the project No. ISPP#0069.Wang, D.; Wu, T.; Wen, S.; Liu, D.; Xiang, Y.; Zhou, W.; Hassan Mohamed, H.... (2018). Pokemon GO in Melbourne CBD: A case study of the cyber-physical symbiotic social networks. Journal of Computational Science. 26:456-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2017.06.009S4564672

On the Definition of Cyber-Physical Resilience in Power Systems

In recent years, advanced sensors, intelligent automation, communication networks, and information technologies have been integrated into the electric grid to enhance its performance and efficiency. Integrating these new technologies has resulted in more interconnections and interdependencies between the physical and cyber components of the grid. Natural disasters and man-made perturbations have begun to threaten grid integrity more often. Urban infrastructure networks are highly reliant on the electric grid and consequently, the vulnerability of infrastructure networks to electric grid outages is becoming a major global concern. In order to minimize the economic, social, and political impacts of power system outages, the grid must be resilient. The concept of a power system cyber-physical resilience centers around maintaining system states at a stable level in the presence of disturbances. Resilience is a multidimensional property of the electric grid, it requires managing disturbances originating from physical component failures, cyber component malfunctions, and human attacks. In the electric grid community, there is not a clear and universally accepted definition of cyber-physical resilience. This paper focuses on the definition of resilience for the electric grid and reviews key concepts related to system resilience. This paper aims to advance the field not only by adding cyber-physical resilience concepts to power systems vocabulary, but also by proposing a new way of thinking about grid operation with unexpected disturbances and hazards and leveraging distributed energy resources.Comment: 20 pages. This is a modified versio

An introduction to the special issue on cross-community mining

People now live in heterogeneous social communities within cyber-physical spaces—both online communities (e.g., Flickr, Google+, LinkedIn) and social networks where digital content is exchanged, and opportunistic or offline communities that exploit opportunistic relationships between pairs of networked devices to exchange content (built on mobile ad hoc networking techniques) [1]. These communities have different technical features which lead to distinct kinds of interaction—such as patterns of comments and likes in online communities and co-location in offline communities, or issues of friendship, trust and influence in online communities and social popularity, and movement patterns in offline communities. We further envision the rapid development of cross-space communities in recent years, which try to bridge the gap between human interactions in the physical world and virtual world (by merging social elements in online social networks with physical contexts in offline communities). Significant examples include: location-based social networks (LBSNs, e.g., FourSquare, Jiepang) [2], which interlink online human interaction with offline check-ins; event-based social networks (EBSNs, e.g., MeetUp), which try to build the link between physical and online events [3]

SenseWorld: Towards Cyber-Physical Social Networks

Web-based social networks such as LinkedIn, FaceBook and MySpace have gained wide popularity in recent years. With the advent of ubiquitous sensing, future social net-works will be cyber-physical, combining measured ele

Looc: a Cyber-physical Social Network on Android Platforms

As the mobile Internet becomes pervasive, mobile devices have permeated into every aspect of our life, work, and society. This rapid technology evolution calls for new functionalities that enrich our interaction with cyberinfrastructure, physical presence, and societal activities and communities. This study is aimed to explore the integration between the android-based mobile platform with multimodal sensors and social networks. To achieve context-aware services, we propose a cyber-physical social network, called LooC. Based on the detailed literature review, the Looc system is designed to bridge the gap between physical social networks and the cyberspace of thousands of mobile devices. After the introduction and literature review chapters, the thesis starts by the necessary concepts to program Android applications with best practices, taking in consideration its life cycle,. The challenges in mobile social networks and cyber-physical systems are identified. Our methodology and design architecture are then presented in detail. The system implementation and case studies are further illustrated. The study shows the challenges related to develop mobile cyber-physical social network with android. The prototype of LooC was developed and integrated into other frameworks to demonstrate its usage. One of the most important challenges was find a good communication method for the social network and an appropriate way to locate individuals. Haversine formula was used to calculate the distance in our prototype. In the future work, privacy and legal issues are necessary to be addressed for mobile cyber-physical social networks in the future.Computer Science Departmen